200 lines
22 KiB
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200 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21365" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45a98afc-af5a-4734-93d1-205e1ac3694b" ID-PMC="PMC7423785" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-955-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" ID-PubMed="32855592" ID-ZooBank="C8EF4A4B6F054621B9B5AE47FEE7C217" ModsDocID="1313-2970-955-1" checkinTime="1596691600214" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grego, Jozef, Mumladze, Levan, Falniowski, Andrzej, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Palatov, Dimitry M. & Hofman, Sebastian" docDate="2020" docId="2A1F599698F75C50BEBF74AE850C81A3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 955: 1-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 955" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983" docTitle="K. sinuata" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" masterDocTitle="Revealing the stygobiotic and crenobiotic molluscan biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part I. The phylogeny of stygobiotic Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Georgia with descriptions of five new genera and twenty-one new species" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732936627699" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="981279E25C4AC0CE9DBB5E6D3E6E2303">
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<mods:title id="89D28D9F5F8F17FA52392848ACEAA4BF">Revealing the stygobiotic and crenobiotic molluscan biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part I. The phylogeny of stygobiotic Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Georgia with descriptions of five new genera and twenty-one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D1D37CEC565ED93BF72D7F8B682F28DD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6DD1230721FF3D04267E346A83A51753">Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AB179BD831B1E078BB02DD9B2C0AFFC">Horna Micina 219, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8F9EAB67A2F75BF5D62DD8358F62A0D">Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06A69BE41CDE88683D0D093E261B0408">Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3 / 5, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A0FB4C3F8DB35D7087A50AC972EC64B4" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-6973</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B1110EC59E0B45CD28582A9C31EBC70B">Falniowski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D30F198574DDAEF65086517ED8C7BA1">Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="93BA73209D93AEA7F86236DCFEEB820D">Osikowski, Artur</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3835C8A98C2DBC93CBE52E170624930">Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24 / 28, 30 - 059, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DD03DB45527D2D10A2BD4196B2CAC96D" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2687</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6BC4FF2335313B5A8E18D5955EEC2748" type="email">a.osikowski@urk.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="79B79978FCBD14D2B8B5BC7D35B00E12">Rysiewska, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFD948EA9F233AE14EDBB2AE450AA572">Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="514D9BD3A27317F30F3884EF9414B73A">Palatov, Dimitry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD185786D825DCD2D6167932CF953887">Department of Hydrobiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 1 - 12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4FB0A97330BE01D932C0ECBF30769166" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D781F1E53C3DB39C4502B32701238030">Hofman, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96E47E7BC780C2C1F2D359621825D769">Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F844A4D88DA08380602400E425A45ABC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="043CC99F6540860A43BCF7B9E01937AB">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CE3F9B01DCED0A52CB3603B32B776583">
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<mods:date id="B269C4E17F9A1B42A07FFC8035931990">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D2C4445E9BC96BFB191C815CCC9B0131" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D4F49DECCB5B1096BB9BD822C4BC66A0">955</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3A32AAD352453D5E7927D0BA85E66845">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="075DF2E0CF613E2E754E4AEB5FB4ECD6">77</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="444FBFBF5B1335705CB0F7EC40AB8291">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B1F858AA4313B9562C658A43FB608B3A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F305AAE4127147F189D8A37094F715A9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AA0616DA4348543AFC65EDEB13510D12" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-955-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5CE7AFF25530F28C11F5A3AAF8AF84BD" type="ZooBank">C8EF4A4B6F054621B9B5AE47FEE7C217</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1CF338D5B3FC6025DB973CD7780AB0A0" type="Pensoft-UUID">F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2A1F599698F75C50BEBF74AE850C81A3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166096054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A1F599698F75C50BEBF74AE850C81A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A1F599698F75C50BEBF74AE850C81A3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Hydrobiidae" scope_genus="Kartvelobia" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subFamily="Sadlerianinae" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
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<subSubSection id="94B8B484D6F0D8EB65738F3448389CCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EBAD400F2F308F7FE118BD70A67472DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E4C8FB6AB7B46C11C538AF725E8C305E" ID-CoL="7RS8N" LSID="2A1F5996-98F7-5C50-BEBF-74AE850C81A3" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. sinuata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinuata">K. cf. sinuata</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB5AD0251FB3FD6C0148EFFB3ADA30D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="13291A8522CF9B0E6B8CFC8BE40502F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5254C634E51FEA19C2516C155081B8FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Georgia • Imereti, Samegrelo, Pirveli Balda, Motena Cave (მოტენას
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<normalizedToken id="F943CB9805382F6AA87E846D0666B346" originalValue="მღვიმე">მღვიმე</normalizedToken>
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), sandy sediment at terminal sump lake;
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<geoCoordinate id="756468B161F50F1EE2ABC9EAFC4068FF" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="42.476665">42°28'36"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2F222A5EA9BB3CFAF41233B5628341D6" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="42.39139">42°23'29"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 485 m a.s.l.; 09 May 2018; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and M.
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<normalizedToken id="D09BC09882D2DCAB26D3D2B11E81FFA0" originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
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leg. • Samegrelo, Pirveli Balda (პირველი
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<normalizedToken id="C92ED10ED4BA6C76049FB8E2D4D1B8E3" originalValue="ბალდა">ბალდა</normalizedToken>
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), spring at village;
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<geoCoordinate id="B312C7E90E34D2312A8D92F84ABF4334" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="2" value="42.48389">42°29'2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BBC1313DF558BFC7573FF4939DBEE244" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="42.398056">42°23'53"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 295 m a.s.l.; 09 May 2018; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and M.
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<normalizedToken id="03DB916121881D2086D1F54C095B01BE" originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
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leg. • same as preceding; 13 October 2019; J. Grego leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A46C60E631C66B15B4863254B7560AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB9AE7E3C209351825F396B5371E40B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED044E208480154DD9A981262EDE6980" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The new species differs from all known stygobiotic gastropods by the characteristically and deeply sinuated labral margin with two to three large tooth-like folds. The two most closely related species,
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<taxonomicName id="E7DFF35F711EA38AEC603F9BD1FC6183" authorityName="Grego & Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia kinchkha" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kinchkha">
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<emphasis id="7F952AB4163AF3E30AC2BC48D199E433" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia kinchkha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName id="6B8FED68AEA7E41CB5E563689A7B2C92" authorityName="Grego & Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia shishaensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shishaensis">
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<emphasis id="7DE5F5D09CA42E339470A13E1CA9A155" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia shishaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., have only weakly sinuated labral margin and generally smaller shell. Compared to
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<taxonomicName id="D581101472CAF795E7A189F40E6F7842" lsidName="K. kinchkha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kinchkha">
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<emphasis id="841FC5BF8CB65F8602F47A03478D17DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. kinchkha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. the protoconch is smoother and to
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<taxonomicName id="D607F57300BB140160C4EE5620F7DE1B" lsidName="K. shishaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shishaensis">
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<emphasis id="241769A6684875A5F1A5583198A612BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. shishaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. it is more conspicuously pitted. Both of the latter species generally have smaller shells.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="049BEEB48FE7C62FD7F3B3F8FA1DACA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AE277FE097B3A58A079A8E263AD323A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="798064B68E7406E7287903D563254C26" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="049787AA99585D5A7560CECC362B154D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
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: shape is ovate-conical, 1.36-2.07 mm high with four whorls separated by a deep suture, a blunt protoconch, and a closed umbilicus. Shell surface whitish, translucent, smooth to glossy, with very faint growth lines. The aperture ovate-ellipsoid with its axis declined from columella by 38° and separated from the body whorl by a gap or groove. Its labral margin characteristically sinuated with a deeply cut broad round shaped adapical sinulus, continuing with a triangular tooth-like structure curved inward, and smoothly followed by two more, similar tooth-like structures down to lower extremity of the shell. The wavy labral margin varies significantly within the species. The lateral profile of the columellar margin more-or-less straight. The protoconch surface very weakly pitted.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="013141331BCF42AFE23D99434F68F837" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="E11A9DD7A0709A32DAD16B8F7F09547C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Operculum</emphasis>
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: yellowish, translucent, elongate ellipsoid, paucispiral with an excentric nucleus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F44DBBBCDFCD5301413BC623CB4A2844" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="D750BEE2D7F8457C70438E9B9AC2A7E1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Animal body</emphasis>
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: milky whitish coloured, eyeless.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3A8E8E19F3E379D4331ECD475CC8794" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="12DA388A6B5F2179C4841B9D2418A0D9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype measurements</emphasis>
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: H-1.67 mm; W-0.96 mm; BH-1.16 mm; BW-0.81 mm; AH-0.76 mm; AW-0.61 mm; CA: 38°.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8FA9E3481574A0406306EC8B3137002" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="CDAB612F5EEEA728C4608D870944C778" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomy</emphasis>
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: the penis (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="8C256B5C603CD070E58026D1443EBC3C" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Kartvelobia sinuata sp. nov., Imereti, Satsiskvilo, Turchusmtha, morphology of the reproductive organs A-D morphology of the penis E female renal and pallial section of reproductive organs. Bc - bursa copulatrix; cbc - duct of bursa copulatrix; ga - albuminoid gland; gn - nidamental gland; gp - gonoporus; ov - oviduct; ovl - loop of oviduct; rs - receptaculum seminis; vc - ventral channel. Photograph and drawing A. Falniowski." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439164" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A-D</figureCitation>
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) simple, broad and massive, proximally bent, with a small outgrowth in the middle of its left side, the vas deferens running straight. The female reproductive organs (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7A699A70C4463EB519C9AB262FB3334A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Kartvelobia sinuata sp. nov., Imereti, Satsiskvilo, Turchusmtha, morphology of the reproductive organs A-D morphology of the penis E female renal and pallial section of reproductive organs. Bc - bursa copulatrix; cbc - duct of bursa copulatrix; ga - albuminoid gland; gn - nidamental gland; gp - gonoporus; ov - oviduct; ovl - loop of oviduct; rs - receptaculum seminis; vc - ventral channel. Photograph and drawing A. Falniowski." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439164" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E</figureCitation>
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) with a short and broad oviduct loop, small distal receptaculum seminis (at the position of rs1 of Radoman: see
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<bibRefCitation id="00EC526BCB0832FCD41E1F3670D99C0B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.014.014" author="Szarowska, M" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="99 - 168" refId="B48" refString="Szarowska, M, 2006. Molecular phylogeny, systematics and morphological character evolution in the Balkan Rissooidea (Caenogastropoda). Folia Malacologica 14: 99 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.014.014" title="Molecular phylogeny, systematics and morphological character evolution in the Balkan Rissooidea (Caenogastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.014.014" volume="14" year="2006">Szarowska (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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) and big spherical bursa copulatrix with a long duct.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="3896E2BBF3014788E0A2CBFF71C97822" doi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439164" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F10">
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<paragraph id="84434F317AD16110EFFB8D3B7B5EA206" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="D36CD881D10F4DD9A69AF54498C3488C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C20095D27F4821B9930480749A1FB698" authorityName="Grego & Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia sinuata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinuata">
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<emphasis id="8141CD4190F285749B0960F3B21D4669" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia sinuata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., Imereti, Satsiskvilo, Turchusmtha, morphology of the reproductive organs
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<emphasis id="49493F9ACAB57FE29B3EA75105AFC911" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
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morphology of the penis
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<emphasis id="482A71F94A702F73978725E62020386D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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female renal and pallial section of reproductive organs. Bc - bursa copulatrix; cbc - duct of bursa copulatrix; ga - albuminoid gland; gn - nidamental gland; gp - gonoporus; ov - oviduct; ovl - loop of oviduct; rs - receptaculum seminis; vc - ventral channel. Photograph and drawing A. Falniowski.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB81F11E14F9D5FBDB3D21CC83172BD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="61861FBD45E2958C5DDA2A3134DB6779" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A8228483A5D8F42DF8AE0A926C28E45" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Named after the conspicuously sinuated labral margin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08E9B21B953BDDABA9AE21BEDD234A59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="FF3B2FF2CB5C3BC2CA61C171C960B4FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="993D9ACCDD7798B53FB6777F2715C7F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The empty shells of the new stygobiotic species were found in the sandy sediments of several cave streams or karst spring heads. Few live individuals were found in a small concrete basin built on a small permanent spring emerging from a fissure in the thick limestone beds. The individuals of this hypogean species were washed out from its stygobiont habitat and accumulated in the small artificial basin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E59E7B0DE59E5FEABA186698B9D435F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="F33D29F3E6FFE26E95BA3F983D84FC6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1001EED24268246F454C611D799FA66" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is known from the Pakhe karstic plateau NW of Kinchkhaperdi and Satsiskvilo (south of the Askhi Plateau) in the caves and springs emerging from cliffs at its foot and slopes, as well from the springs and caves at Turchu Gamosadivari Basin situated at the top of the plateau the Turchu Gamosadivari River sink at the western edge of the basin, and appearing again in First Toba Cave and in Arsen Okrojanashvili Cave. A more conical form of the new species with slightly different labral margin (
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<taxonomicName id="306DD350BB3FD977B28A589EB1A82138" lsidName="K. sinuata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinuata">K. cf. sinuata</taxonomicName>
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is known from the southernmost tip of the Pakhe Plateau massif, from the springs in village Pirveli Balda and from Motena Cave. A local form with minute shell, inflated whorls is found around Kinchkhaperdi below the NW foot of the plateau. The taxonomic status of both forms should be clarified.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EC0C41B4ED4BB2CF3642FEBFD7384BBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph id="28B48326D457AB86AE94D6ED532B1945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6FE83C8B0B9821B9CEA91318106B01DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The number of known locations is 11 and EOO is ca. 70 km2. The AOO is represented by only several underground karst conduits with much smaller total area compared to EOO. Each karst conduit is supplied by surface water through swallow holes, where stochastic events, as human driven pollution or habitat destruction, could lead to rapid species decline or extinction. Therefore, it is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) D2.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E5C0013FCD6AC3E008BBA8F83DADF24E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="33995C50060379AE9E5CFCBA3747288C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C16173D866A6E7B5C90B9D80045D806F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The labral sinuation intensity can vary by specimen, especially juvenile individuals have only weakly developed sinuation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |