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<document id="BBE265CBE2B2013D26185640E6A4ED1F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.607.3.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243269" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1691940191360" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hernández-Becerril, David U." docDate="2023" docId="1F6E031EFFD65679BCDB0D15DDCCFDF1" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.607.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 607 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.607.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.6:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Skeletonema tropicum Cleve" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="E3577B66FFD35670BC530A03DF6FFFB4" masterDocTitle="Further studies on the species diversity of the marine planktonic diatom genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta) in the Mexican Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="182" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1692038208555" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3F5C60D19C384A46005A49877927967F">Further studies on the species diversity of the marine planktonic diatom genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta) in the Mexican Pacific</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="9778B208FFD65675BCDB0D15DEBAF884" blockId="5.[136,1452,1814,1948]" box="[136,469,1814,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="CC300564FFD65675BCDB0D15DEBAF884" bold="true" box="[136,469,1814,1841]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFD65675BCDB0D15DEBAF884" authority="Cleve" authorityName="Cleve" box="[136,469,1814,1841]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tropicum">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675BCDB0D15DEBAF884" bold="true" box="[136,469,1814,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675BCDB0D15DEE4F884" bold="true" box="[136,395,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">Skeletonema tropicum</emphasis>
Cleve
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="9778B208FFD65675BCDB0D39DE69F8E0" blockId="5.[136,1452,1814,1948]" box="[136,262,1850,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD65675BCDB0D39DE69F8E0" box="[136,262,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">Figs 2328</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9778B208FFD65675BCDB0D61DC35F828" blockId="5.[136,1452,1814,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">
References:
<bibRefCitation id="F356CFF9FFD65675BCAC0D61DEC9F8CC" author="Sarno, D. &amp; Kooistra, W. H. C. F. &amp; Medlin, L. &amp; Percopo, I. &amp; Zingone, A." box="[255,422,1890,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" pagination="151 - 176" refId="ref8779" refString="Sarno, D., Kooistra, W. H. C. F., Medlin, L., Percopo, I. &amp; Zingone, A. (2005) Diversity in the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae). II. An assessment of the taxonomy of S. costatum - like species with the description of four new species. Journal of Phycology 41: 151 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1529 - 8817.2005.04067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
Sarno
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675BD6E0D61DE07F8C3" box="[317,360,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 166, figs 9 AH;
<bibRefCitation id="F356CFF9FFD65675BE3D0D61DC65F8C3" author="Jung, S. W. &amp; Yun, S. M. &amp; Lee, S. D. &amp; Kim, Y. - O. &amp; Lee, J. H." box="[622,778,1890,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" pagination="195 - 203" refId="ref8193" refString="Jung, S. W., Yun, S. M., Lee, S. D., Kim, Y. - O. &amp; Lee, J. H. (2009) Morphological characteristics of four species in the genus Skeletonema in coastal waters of South Korea. Algae 24: 195 - 203. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4490 / ALGAE. 2009.24. 4.195" type="journal article" year="2009">
Jung
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675BEF20D61DDA3F8C3" box="[673,716,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 202, figs 4 AH;
<bibRefCitation id="F356CFF9FFD65675BF810D61DB00F8C3" author="Naik, R. K. &amp; Sarno, D. &amp; Kooistra, W. H. C. F. &amp; D'Costa, P. M. &amp; Anil, A. C." box="[978,1135,1890,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" pagination="290 - 293" refId="ref8676" refString="Naik, R. K., Sarno, D., Kooistra, W. H. C. F., D'Costa, P. M. &amp; Anil, A. C. (2010) Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae) in Indian waters: a reappraisal. Indian Journal of Marine Science 39: 290 - 293." type="journal article" year="2010">
Naik
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675B8540D61DB5EF8C3" box="[1031,1073,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 291, figs 79;
<bibRefCitation id="F356CFF9FFD65675B94F0D61DAC8F8C3" author="Gu, H. &amp; Zhang, X. &amp; Sun, J. &amp; Luo, Z." box="[1308,1447,1890,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" pagination="245 - 263" refId="ref7757" refString="Gu, H., Zhang, X., Sun, J. &amp; Luo, Z. (2012) Diversity and seasonal occurrence of Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta) species in Xiamen Harbour and surrounding seas, China. Cryptogamie Algology 33: 245 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crya. v 33. iss 3.2012.245" type="journal article" year="2012">
Gu
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675B96C0D61DA05F8C3" box="[1343,1386,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 256, figs 2426; HernándezBecerril
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD65675BE6C0D85DD05F82F" box="[575,618,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2013, p. 81, figs 2631.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9778B208FFD65676BCDB0DC9DEE8FE90" blockId="5.[136,1451,1994,2093]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,158,292]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">
Description: Chains relatively robust, long and straight were encountered (although some chains and cells were found collapsed or broken), with 619 cells in the chains (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD65675BE8B0DEDDC31F7BD" box="[728,862,2030,2057]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">Figs 23, 25</figureCitation>
). Cells showed more than two chloroplasts per cell, usually 46 (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD65675BD4B0211DE03F798" box="[280,364,2066,2092]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). The valves are flat to slightly convex and have a relatively low mantle (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD65675B8C80211DA71F798" box="[1179,1310,2066,2092]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="187">Figs 2427</figureCitation>
). Mantle has pseudoloculate areolae (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD55676BDCA0A9DDE81FF0C" box="[409,494,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
), and in some terminal valves very delicate siliceous ridges were apparent (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD55676B9190A9DDAF0FF0C" box="[1354,1439,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Areolae are quadrangular to rectangular at the center in the valve, but become pseudoloculate at the margins (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD55676B9180AC1DAF0FF68" box="[1355,1439,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Slightly collapsed valvocopula, with large pores, and copulae, with longitudinal rows of small pores, are seen in some frustules (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFD55676BCA40B09DE15FE90" box="[247,378,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C3B8E280FFD55676BCDB0CAEDEE5F80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243275/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" startId="6.[136,248,1709,1731]" targetBox="[158,1430,360,1675]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9778B208FFD55676BCDB0CAEDEE5F80A" blockId="6.[136,1452,1709,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD55676BCDB0CAEDE2EF976" bold="true" box="[136,321,1709,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">FIGURES 1217.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFD55676BD1A0CAEDD25F976" authority=", LM" authorityName="LM" box="[329,586,1709,1730]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="grevillei">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD55676BD1A0CAEDD76F976" box="[329,537,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Skeletonema grevillei</emphasis>
, LM
</taxonomicName>
(12), SEM (1316) and TEM (17). Fig. 12. A rather long chain of 8 cells, some of them dividing, containing two chloroplasts per cell. Fig. 13. Terminal part of a chain showing terminal and intercalary valves, siliceous ridges (small arrows) between face and mantle at the terminal valve, TFs, one TR (arrow), and broken IFs. Fig. 14. Intercalary valves with IFs fusing to those of sibling valve in 1:1 junction type, a short IR (arrow), and siliceous ridges (small arrows) around bases of IFs. Fig. 15. Terminal valve with fultoportulae (TFs) irregularly truncated, a marginal rimoportula (arrow), and siliceous ridges (small arrows) dividing valve face and mantle. Fig. 16. Another terminal valve showing details of the areolae, siliceous ridges (small arrows) around bases of the TFs, and a marginal rimoportula with slightly inflated tip (arrow). Fig. 17. Details of the three to four satellite pores surrounding each fultoportula (arrows).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C3B8E280FFD45677BCDB0C85DBE9F8BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243277/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" startId="7.[136,248,1670,1692]" targetBox="[163,1424,197,1637]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9778B208FFD45677BCDB0C85DBE9F8BC" blockId="7.[136,1452,1670,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD45677BCDB0C85DE2FF928" bold="true" box="[136,320,1670,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">FIGURES 1822.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFD45677BD140C84DDFEF928" authority=", LM" authorityName="LM" box="[327,657,1671,1692]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocostatum">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFD45677BD140C84DD0EF928" box="[327,609,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Skeletonema pseudocostatum</emphasis>
, LM
</taxonomicName>
(18) and SEM (1922). Fig. 18. A complete chain with 9 cells, one cell is dividing (arrow). Fig. 19. Broken chain with 4 cells in development. Fig. 20. Terminal part of a chain, with fusion of the IFs, including 1:1 and 1:2 junctions. Fig. 21. Two terminal valves with relative high valve mantle and TFs showing the characteristic spines of their tips (small arrows) and a TR (arrow). Fig. 22. A terminal valve showing the areolae on the face, TFs and TR (arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C3B8E280FFDB5678BCDB0C6BDB8FF8E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" startId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" targetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9778B208FFDB5678BCDB0C6BDB8FF8E1" blockId="8.[136,1452,1640,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDB5678BCDB0C6BDE2FF9C9" bold="true" box="[136,320,1640,1662]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">FIGURES 2328.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFDB5678BD150C6BDD25F9C9" authority=", LM" authorityName="LM" box="[326,586,1640,1662]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tropicum">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDB5678BD150C6BDD74F9CA" box="[326,539,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">Skeletonema tropicum</emphasis>
, LM
</taxonomicName>
(23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23. A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts. Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9778B208FFDA5679BCEE0A9DDF8AFE24" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">
The IFs are relatively long and open, and each may connect with only one or two of the other IF of the sibling valve (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679BC800AC1DE3AFF68" box="[211,341,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Figs 2426</figureCitation>
), whereas TFs appeared shorter, although probably broken (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679BFA40AC1DB17FF68" box="[1015,1144,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Figs 24, 27</figureCitation>
); TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines similar to those in
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFDA5679BE6D0AE4DC61FEB4" box="[574,782,230,257]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocostatum">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDA5679BE6D0AE4DD23FEB5" box="[574,588,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDA5679BE090AE5DC61FEB4" box="[602,782,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">pseudocostatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679BF4D0AE5DC1DFEB4" box="[798,882,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). All fultoportulae are surrounded by three satellite pores (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679BC870B09DE47FE90" box="[212,296,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Few very delicate and thin threads of unknown nature were detected coming out from some IFs (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679B92D0B09DFC9FEFC" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
, small arrows). TR was located close to the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679BF160B2DDCF7FEFC" box="[837,920,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
) and showed an internal labiate structure (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679B92D0B2DDFC9FED8" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, small arrow), whereas the IRs were marginal and thin, and with a very short tubular structure (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679B9580B51DA0FFED8" box="[1291,1376,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="8.[136,248,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Skeletonema tropicum, LM (23) and SEM (2428). Fig. 23.A long and robust chain with 12 cells, some cells dividing and each cell with 46 chloroplasts.Fig. 24. Terminal part of a chain, with developing or collapsed TFs and TR, and very short IRs (small arrows). Fig. 25. A complete chain (6 cells), most probably developing, with overlaid copulae between various intercalary valves. Fig. 26. Intercalary cells and valves with IFs fusing in 1:1 and 1:2 types; delicate and thin threads of unknown nature are coming out from some IFs (small arrows). Fig. 27. Terminal cell and valve showing the areolae on the face and mantle, mantle also shows very delicate siliceous ridges, the TFs have clawlike tips or tips with fine spines, and a single, long TR (arrow). Fig. 28. Internal view of a valve with details of the areolation, the fultoportulae (with three satellite pores), and a single labiate structure of the rimoportula (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243279/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
, small arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9778B208FFDA5679BCEE0B98DB1EFE00" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,581]" box="[189,1137,410,437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">
Measurements: cell diameter 10.817 μm, areolae density
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10 μm (
<tableCitation id="DA4587B3FFDA5679B85F0B99DB0FFE00" box="[1036,1120,410,436]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[137,230,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological characters and morphometric data of the Skeletonema species identified in this work from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. 1Gu et al. (2012), 2Bužančić et al. (2017), 3Zingone et al. (2005), 4Sarno et al. (2005), 5Hernández- Becerril et al. (2013), 6Jung et al. (2009), 7Sarno et al. (2007), 8Liu et al. (2012)" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9778B208FFDA5679BCEE0BBDDDCCFDF1" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">
<tableCitation id="DA4587B3FFDA5679BCEE0BBDDE7FFE6C" box="[189,272,446,472]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[137,230,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological characters and morphometric data of the Skeletonema species identified in this work from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. 1Gu et al. (2012), 2Bužančić et al. (2017), 3Zingone et al. (2005), 4Sarno et al. (2005), 5Hernández- Becerril et al. (2013), 6Jung et al. (2009), 7Sarno et al. (2007), 8Liu et al. (2012)" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Table 1</tableCitation>
shows the great morphological and morphometric differences in the four species studied here, especially the relative length of the chains (cells per chain) and the cell diameter, whereas the violin plot (
<figureCitation id="0FFCAE8DFFDA5679B8900BE1DA7AFE48" box="[1219,1301,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[206,1347,602,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-231@9.[190,1398,587,1735]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 29. Violin plot with cell diameter of the four species studied, based on the data of Table 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243281/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
) additionally shows differences in cell diameter of the four
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFDA5679BEC90805DCE6FD94" box="[666,905,518,544]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDA5679BEC90805DC47FD94" box="[666,808,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Skeletonema</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
The species
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFDA5679B8730805DA6EFD94" box="[1056,1281,518,544]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDA5679B8730805DA6EFD94" box="[1056,1281,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Skeletonema ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears as the smallest species and
<taxonomicName id="50C7C98BFFDA5679BD210828DE9DFDF0" box="[370,498,555,581]" class="Coscinodiscophyceae" family="Skeletonemaceae" genus="Skeletonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tropicum">
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDA5679BD210828DEEFFDF1" box="[370,384,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A5B36E1AFFDA5679BDDD0828DE9DFDF0" box="[398,498,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the largest one.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>