224 lines
22 KiB
XML
224 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" ID-GBIF-Dataset="31bce27d-7094-467b-95ae-009a27e00cf5" ID-PMC="PMC6341056" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-816-1" ID-PubMed="30686917" ID-ZBK="51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-816-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 816" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" checkinTime="1547561011487" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hunting, Wesley & Yang, Man-Miao" docDate="2019" docId="0C0DD91A43966C6686D67674849940DD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 816: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 816" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" docTitle="Mochtherus luctuosus Putzeys" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="AA26FF84157BFFAE490E7F133744FF98" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1668166739332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hunting, Wesley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>816</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-816-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C0DD91A43966C6686D67674849940DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C0DD91A43966C6686D67674849940DD" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName authority="Putzeys" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Mochtherus luctuosus Putzeys</taxonomicName>
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Figs 95, 96
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 102A, 103
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="126" pageNumber="127" start="start">Mochtherus</pageBreakToken>
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luctuosus
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</taxonomicName>
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Putzeys, 1875: pl. Lll;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bates, HW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="205 - 290" title="XI. Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan, chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made during his second visit, from February, 1880, to September." url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1883.tb02947.x" volume="31" year="1883">Bates 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 281;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Csiki 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 1382;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
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1963
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 353;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second ed. Germany" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" title="Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga: Trachypachidae & Carabidae incl." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 460.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus nitidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">Sinurus nitidus</taxonomicName>
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Bates: Habu, 1953: 50.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Sinurus luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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Putzeys: Habu and Baba, 1957: 17;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Habu 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dolichoctis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichoctis (Mochtherus) uenoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uenoi" subGenus="Mochtherus">Dolichoctis (Mochtherus) uenoi</taxonomicName>
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Habu, 1967: 108. syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Types and other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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39 specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. luctuosus" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="luctuosus">M. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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: 25 males and 14 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Japan. "S. Nipon".</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="128" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="taxonomic notes">
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<paragraph pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
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When
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<bibRefCitation author="Habu, A" journalOrPublisher="Tokyo Electrical Engineering College Press, Tokyo" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" title="Carabidae. Truncatipennes group. (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna Japonica." year="1967">Habu (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus uenoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uenoi">Mochtherus uenoi</taxonomicName>
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from Taiwan, he acknowledged that it very closely resembled
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. luctuosus" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="luctuosus">M. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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. He based his description primarily on differences in two characters, pronotum form, and endophallus apex
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<pageBreakToken pageId="127" pageNumber="128" start="start">form</pageBreakToken>
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. Upon examination of several specimens of this species, it became apparent that there was variation in both of these characters, as well as significant variation in overall body length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Phallus apex form hardly differs from specimen to specimen; however, some individuals do have a slightly more pointed apex than others.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Habu’s">Habu's</normalizedToken>
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illustration of this is well within the range of variation observed. Variability in pronotum characteristics in this species is somewhat dramatic and if Habu had access to more material, he likely would have noticed that pronotum variation exists, even within local populations. Pronotum disc convexity is variable. Some individuals have a disc that is more convex and broadly rounded, while others are flatter in appearance. Pronotum margins are also variable. Some individuals have margins that are wider and more up-turned at the margins. This character can change the appearance on the sinuate baso-lateral margin that is typical of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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, making the sinuation appear less pronounced. Despite these differences, this species is easily distinguished in Taiwan as it is the only entirely black
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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species present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="128" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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During the course of this work, a few specimens of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sinurus</taxonomicName>
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looked very similar to specimens regarded as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. luctuosus" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="luctuosus">M. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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from Taiwan. Non-type material from
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<pageBreakToken pageId="128" pageNumber="129" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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type series of both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus nitidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">Sinurus nitidus</taxonomicName>
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Bates and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus graciliceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciliceps">Sinurus graciliceps</taxonomicName>
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Bates were dissected and the genitalic characters were very similar to all
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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species examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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Considering the variability observed within specimens of the species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. luctuosus" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="luctuosus">M. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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from Taiwan, both of these
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sinurus</taxonomicName>
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species belong in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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and are likely conspecific with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. luctuosus" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="luctuosus">M. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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. One female specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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Chaudoir, which was the first species described in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sinurus</taxonomicName>
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, was also dissected. It differs from the other two species in that the elytral microsculpture is granulated and the elytral margins are faintly serrate. The specimen was not in excellent condition but it was apparent that the general form of the gonocoxite, spermatheca, and associated gland were all very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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species. It is possible that further work will show that this genus is congeneric with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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by the entirely black dorsal coloration,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">OBL 7.50 - 11.00 mm. Length (n = ten males, ten females): head 0.72 - 0.90, pronotum 1.40 - 1.84, elytra 4.50 - 6.08, metepisternum 1.04 - 1.40 mm; width: head 1.44 - 1.92, pronotum 1.40 - 1.84, elytra 3.33 - 4.33, metepisternum 0.60 - 0.84 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Body proportions. HW/HL 1.91 - 2.14; PWM/PL 1.36 - 1.53; EL/EW 1.24 - 1.45; ML/MW 1.42 - 1.89 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Color. Fig. 95. Dorsum of head piceous, with small, diffuse patch just before clypeal suture, brunneous to brunneo-piceous, clypeus and labrum brunneous, some specimens with labrum darker centrally; palpi and antennae brunneous; pronotum disc brunneo-piceous to piceous, margins brunneous to piceous; elytral disc brunneous, dark, to piceous, suture and margins slightly lighter; ventral surface of head, metepisternum and lateral margins darker than other ventral surfaces, brunneous to piceous, all other surfaces brunneous, lighter to darker; legs brunneous to rufo-brunneous, most specimens with ventral surface of tibia darker, brunneo-piceous to piceous.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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Figure 95. Dorsal habitus and color pattern of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Mochtherus luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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Putzeys. (OBL 8. 43 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with mesh pattern somewhat granulate, isodiametric, somewhat transverse towards neck, clypeus with sculpticells stretched longitudinally, labrum with sculpticells shallow, almost isodiametric; pronotum with microsculpture transverse; elytra with sculpticells transverse; ventral surfaces with microsculpture transverse.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head with scattered setigerous punctures, setae short and punctures fine, not distinctively visible, labrum with a few short setae in apical half; mandible with a few short setae just beyond apex of scrobe; pronotum with scattered setigerous punctures, punctures fine, setae short but uniform in length and longer than the setae of both head and elytra; elytral intervals with scattered setigerous punctures, setae short and punctures fine, not distinctively visible; striae with +/- evenly spaced setigerous punctures along length, both punctures and setae so fine that they are hardly visible at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; ventral surface with randomly scattered setigerous punctures, setae relatively dense and easily visible in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in interval 2, one seta posterior to apical 1/3, one seta posterior to apical 1/6.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="129" pageNumber="130" start="start">Luster</pageBreakToken>
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. Dorsal surface moderately glossy; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Head. Labrum faintly emarginate, longer than wide; mentum with broad tooth; eyes convex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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Pronotum. Lateral margins wide, distinctively spatulate and turned up at edges, sinuate from lateral seta to base but edges rounded, not as dramatic as other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
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species, basal angles obtuse, rounded; apical margin distinctly emarginate, large apico-lateral lobes; anterior transverse impression shallow, posterior transverse impression moderately shallow; median longitudinal impression moderately deep.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Legs. Tarsal claws pectinate, 3-4 denticles per claw.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="130" pageNumber="131" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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genitalia. Fig. 96
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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. Length 1.04 - 1.32 mm. Phallus slightly expanding towards apex in ventral view, terminating bluntly at apical area, apex, short and broad, distinctively spatulate and positioned on the right side of phallus in ventral view; endophallus expanding and angled from mid-length, one basal lobe, one basal microtrichial field (mtf), microtrichia moderately long.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
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Figure 96. Digital images of male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Mochtherus luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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Putzeys. A left lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: mtf microtrichial field.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Female genitalia. Fig. 102A. Width 1.00 - 1.08 mm. Two lateral ensiform setae (les). One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical and elongate tapering towards apex, length undetermined due to breakage; ring sclerite (srs) separating spermatheca duct from spermatheca, thin; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), spermathecal gland duct (sgd) relatively long, attachment site medially on dorsal surface of ring sclerite when viewed from ventral aspect.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Habitat, habits, and seasonal occurrence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
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The known elevational range of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. luctuosus" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="luctuosus">M. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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is from 230 to 2000 meters. Adults are found in mixed primary and secondary forest of montane areas, as well as disturbed areas, and are crepuscular or nocturnal with most activity observed on tree trunks and deadwood at night. Several specimens were collected from the trunks of fallen trees. All other specimens were hand collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Mochtherus luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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is known from Japan and Taiwan. For Taiwan collecting localities see Figure 103.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |