368 lines
32 KiB
XML
368 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85571" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-81-409" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1F7030AA7B0B54EAB1846C6B1339DB56" ID-ZooBank="764845DB2D5D4E7E9E12DCA816F5BCD8" ModsDocID="1864-8312-81-409" checkinTime="1682026883038" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Garcia, Andres F. & Villarreal, Osvaldo" docDate="2023" docId="3571AFEF329F51DFB0BF888D5721571F" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 81: 409-437" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81" docPubDate="2023-04-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85571" docTitle="Paravima quirozi García & Villarreal 2023, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="1F7030AA7B0B54EAB1846C6B1339DB56" lastPageNumber="409" masterDocId="1F7030AA7B0B54EAB1846C6B1339DB56" masterDocTitle="Looks are deceiving: a cladistic analysis, three new species, and a new diagnosis of Paravima Caporiacco, 1951 (Opiliones: Agoristenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="437" masterPageNumber="409" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1682026883038" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Looks are deceiving: a cladistic analysis, three new species, and a new diagnosis of Paravima Caporiacco, 1951 (Opiliones: Agoristenidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Andres F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sao Cristovao, 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">agarciarinc@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Villarreal, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-3723</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sao Cristovao, 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>81</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>409</mods:start>
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<mods:end>437</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85571</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85571</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-81-409</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">764845DB2D5D4E7E9E12DCA816F5BCD8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1F7030AA7B0B54EAB1846C6B1339DB56</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3571AFEF329F51DFB0BF888D5721571F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3571AFEF329F51DFB0BF888D5721571F" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3571AFEF-329F-51DF-B0BF-888D5721571F" authority="(Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981)" authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi" status="comb. nov.">
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Paravima quirozi (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Sponga">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
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, 1981)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="409">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Paravima quirozi (Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981) comb. nov. (MCNC 757) male holotype. Habitus: A Dorsal view: B panoramic view; C lateral view; D anterior view; E posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840445" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Living specimens and habitats of some Paravima spp. A, B P. quirozi from Yaracuy, Venezuela; C, D P. goodnightorum, from Cerro El Volcan, Miranda, Venezuela (MIZA 0105871); E, F P. goodnightorum, from La Guaira, Venezuela; G P. magistri sp. nov., from San Antonio del Tequendama, Cundinamarca, Colombia; H La Guaquira, Yaracuy, habitat of P. quirozi; I Henri Pittier National Park, Aragua, Venezuela, habitat of P. totoro sp. nov.; J, K Los Tunos Natural Reserve, Cundinamarca, Colombia, habitat of P. magistri sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840451" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">, 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Vima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vima quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi" status="comb. nov.">Vima quirozi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Sponga">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
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, 1981: 33, figs 1-4, 13;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Sponga">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
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, 1987: 533, figs 690-695 (types MCNC 757, ♂ holotype; MCNC 758, 1 ♀ paratype; MAGS 294a-c, ♂ paratypes).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Trinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trinella quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi" status="comb. nov.">Trinella quirozi</taxonomicName>
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: Pinto-da-Rocha, 1996: 320;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kury, AB" journalOrPublisher="especial monografico" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 337" refId="B26" refString="Kury, AB, 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, vol. especial monografico 1: 1 - 337" title="Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, vol." volume="1" year="2003">Kury 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 33.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Avima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avima quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi" status="comb. nov.">Avima quirozi</taxonomicName>
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: Villarreal-M. & Kury, 2009: 67.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Trinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trinella vigirima" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigirima" status="comb. nov.">Trinella vigirima</taxonomicName>
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Villarreal-M. &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez-M">Rodriguez-M</normalizedToken>
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., 2003: 178, figs 1-5. Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Avima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avima vigirima" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigirima" status="comb. nov.">Avima vigirima</taxonomicName>
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: Villarreal-M. & Kury, 2009: 67.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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Mesotergal area III unarmed (shared with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quirozi" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="quirozi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. quirozi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">comb. nov.</emphasis>
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). The remining
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1951" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have paired conical, mammilliform, spiniform or domed tubercles. Mesotergal areas with a semicircular or elliptical dark spot on the areas II and III.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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See
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<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez-Sponga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Macarao; Nueva Serie, Instituto Universitario Pedagogico de Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" pagination="33 - 50" refId="B19" refString="Gonzalez-Sponga, MA, 1981. Tres nuevas especies del genero Vima del sistema montanoso de la costa en Venezuela (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores). Acta Macarao; Nueva Serie, Instituto Universitario Pedagogico de Caracas 2: 33 - 50" title="Tres nuevas especies del genero Vima del sistema montanoso de la costa en Venezuela (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)." volume="2" year="1981">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Sponga">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
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(1981
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez-Sponga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" refId="B20" refString="Gonzalez-Sponga, MA, 1987. Aracnidos de Venezuela. OpilionesLaniatores I. Familias Phalangodidae y Agoristenidae. Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales, Caracas" title="Aracnidos de Venezuela. OpilionesLaniatores I. Familias Phalangodidae y Agoristenidae." year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
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). Here we offer a complementary description (based on MCNC 757, MAGS 294, MIZA 0105916, and Villarreal-M & Rodriguez-Manzanilla, 2003: figs 1, 5): Anterior and lateral margins of DS smooth, posterior margin with some granules. DS variegated, mesotergum with an irregular dark spot covering the center of area I, all area II, and two-thirds of area III (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Paravima quirozi (Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981) comb. nov. (MCNC 757) male holotype. Habitus: A Dorsal view: B panoramic view; C lateral view; D anterior view; E posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840445" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">13A-E</figureCitation>
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; figs 1a, b). Mesotergum delimited, divided into four areas: area I divided into two halves; areas II-IV undivided; areas I-IV with a pair of paramedian low tubercles, those of area III domed; areas II-IV with a wide hump (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Paravima quirozi (Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981) comb. nov. (MCNC 757) male holotype. Habitus: A Dorsal view: B panoramic view; C lateral view; D anterior view; E posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840445" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">13B-E</figureCitation>
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; figs 1a, b). Pedipalpal segments slender (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Paravima quirozi (Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981) comb. nov. (MCNC 757) male holotype. Habitus: A Dorsal view: B panoramic view; C lateral view; D anterior view; E posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840445" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">13C</figureCitation>
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; fig. 3). Legs increasing in thickness from leg I to leg IV. Leg I filiform. Legs III and IV with granules (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Paravima quirozi (Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981) comb. nov. (MCNC 757) male holotype. Habitus: A Dorsal view: B panoramic view; C lateral view; D anterior view; E posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840445" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">13C-E</figureCitation>
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; fig. 4). Patella IV with some conspicuous distal tubercles (fig. 4). Tibia III-IV distally thickened. Fe IV is four and a half times DS length. Penis with small LP (height shorter than width), apex with anterolateral crescent-shaped corners (fig. 5). Hammer (malleus) with three pairs of branched MS-A; one pair of branched MS-B; two pairs of MS-D (fig. 5b); one pair of MS-E2 large and branched, MS-E1 absent (fig. 5). Stylus elongated, sigmoidal, surpassing the lamina parva (fig. 5).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840445" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima quirozi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Sponga">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
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, 1981)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">comb. nov.</emphasis>
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(MCNC 757) male holotype. Habitus:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">A</emphasis>
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Dorsal view:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">B</emphasis>
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panoramic view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">C</emphasis>
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lateral view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">D</emphasis>
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anterior view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">E</emphasis>
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posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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Known from Carabobo and Yaracuy states, in the Venezuelan biogeographic province (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211167" author="Morrone, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" refId="B34" refString="Morrone, JJ, Escalante, T, Rodriguez-Tapia, G, Carmona, A, Arana, M, Mercado-Gomez, JD, 2022. Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 94: e20211167. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211167" title="Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 94: e 20211167." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211167" year="2022">Morrone et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Map showing the geographic distribution of Paravima in Northern South America. The background colored shapes refer to the biogeographic provinces of Morrone et al. (2022)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840450" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">18</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Type material</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Vima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vima quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Vima quirozi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1979-09-29" collectorName="Neryz Quiroz, Tito Quiroz" country="VENEZUELA" elevation="1200" location="Maimire" municipality="Urachiche" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Yaracuy" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy">Yaracuy</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Urachiche</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3571AFEF329F51DFB0BF888D5721571F:117D4F7CF35C05ACF5FD9D6726E0A184" country="VENEZUELA" municipality="Urachiche" name="Maimire" stateProvince="Yaracuy">Maimire</location>
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| [10.1550° -69.0102°] |
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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<collectingDate value="1979-09-29">29.ix.1979</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>Neryz Quiroz</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName>Tito Quiroz</collectorName>
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leg. (MCNC 757)
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</materialsCitation>
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. -
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Neryz Quiroz & Tito Quiroz" country="Venezuela" elevation="1200" location="Maimire" municipality="Urachiche" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yaracuy" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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, same data as holotype, (MCNC 758)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Neryz Quiroz & Tito Quiroz" country="Venezuela" elevation="1200" location="Maimire" municipality="Urachiche" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yaracuy" typeStatus="paratype">
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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|
, same data as holotype, (MAGS 294a, 294b and 294c). Remark: The original description of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quirozi" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="quirozi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. quirozi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
strangely lists
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
under codes MAGS 294a, 294b and 294c. However, only one lot MAGS 294 (MIZA 0105917) was found, containing
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">11 ♂</specimenCount>
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|
,
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|
<specimenCount type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
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|
and
|
|
<specimenCount type="generic">2 imm.</specimenCount>
|
|
So, we believe that the male
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
cited by G-S is part of these male specimens. Besides that, we extracted and dissected
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
|
from MIZA 0105917 (MIZA 0105916).-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Trinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trinella vigirima" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigirima">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Trinella vigirima</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
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|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-06-14" collectorName="Quebrada El Corozo, L. Ovalles, L. Hernandez, C. Rodriguez, O. Villarreal" country="VENEZUELA" county="Quebrada El Corozo" elevation="650" latitude="10.35" location="Vigirima" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.9" municipality="Parque Nacional San Esteban" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Carabobo" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
|
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
|
,
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|
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
<collectingCounty>Quebrada El Corozo</collectingCounty>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingMunicipality>Parque Nacional San Esteban</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
, sector
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3571AFEF329F51DFB0BF888D5721571F:DE5298A11EDAF399836CAE267ECEA550" country="VENEZUELA" county="Quebrada El Corozo" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.9" municipality="Parque Nacional San Esteban" name="Vigirima" stateProvince="Carabobo">Vigirima</location>
|
|
| lat
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|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.35">10° 21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, long
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.9">67° 54'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
[10.34276° -67.87613°] |
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
|
|
|
<collectingDate value="2003-06-14">14.vi.2003</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>L. Ovalles</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
L.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
C.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>O. Villarreal</collectorName>
|
|
leg. (MHNLS IV-0126)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.-
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Quebrada El Corozo & L. Ovalles & L. Hernandez & C. Rodriguez & O. Villarreal" country="Venezuela" county="Quebrada El Corozo" elevation="650" latitude="10.35" location="Vigirima" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.9" municipality="Parque Nacional San Esteban" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Carabobo" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
|
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
, same data as holotype, (MHNLS IV-0127)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Quebrada El Corozo & L. Ovalles & L. Hernandez & C. Rodriguez & O. Villarreal" country="Venezuela" county="Quebrada El Corozo" elevation="650" latitude="10.35" location="Vigirima" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.9" municipality="Parque Nacional San Esteban" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Carabobo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
, same data as holotype, (MIZA 0025, not examined)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
. -
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Other material</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-17" collectorName="La Guaquira, B. A. Huber, O. Villarreal, Q. Arias, Arias C." country="VENEZUELA" elevation="150" location="La Guaquira" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Yaracuy">
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy">Yaracuy</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3571AFEF329F51DFB0BF888D5721571F:8316581D35F63ECEFE1FDD95AF6D7658" country="VENEZUELA" name="La Guaquira" stateProvince="Yaracuy">
|
|
La
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guáquira">Guaquira</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
, 10.2807° -68.6530°,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
, forest along stream,
|
|
<collectingDate value="2020-02-17">17.ii.2020</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>B.A. Huber</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>O. Villarreal</collectorName>
|
|
M., and
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
Q.
|
|
<collectorName>Arias C.</collectorName>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
leg. (MIZA 0105827, new Record)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="La Guaquira & B. A. Huber & O. Villarreal & Q. Arias & Arias C." country="Venezuela" elevation="150" location="La Guaquira" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yaracuy">
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
, same data as previous, (MNRJ 60621)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
|
The differences in shape and size of the dark spot in the mesotergal areas of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quirozi" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="quirozi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. quirozi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
seems to be populational: specimens from Maimire (Yaracuy) have more rounded spots, individuals from La
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guáquira">Guaquira</normalizedToken>
|
|
(Yaracuy) exhibit wider and shorter spots (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Living specimens and habitats of some Paravima spp. A, B P. quirozi from Yaracuy, Venezuela; C, D P. goodnightorum, from Cerro El Volcan, Miranda, Venezuela (MIZA 0105871); E, F P. goodnightorum, from La Guaira, Venezuela; G P. magistri sp. nov., from San Antonio del Tequendama, Cundinamarca, Colombia; H La Guaquira, Yaracuy, habitat of P. quirozi; I Henri Pittier National Park, Aragua, Venezuela, habitat of P. totoro sp. nov.; J, K Los Tunos Natural Reserve, Cundinamarca, Colombia, habitat of P. magistri sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840451" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">19A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) and specimens from Carabobo have an intermediate state. On the other hand, after revision of the male genitalia of paratypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quirozi" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="quirozi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. quirozi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we observe the presence of two pairs of MS-D and three pairs of MS-A, contrary to the original drawings of G-S that lacks MS-D and show just two pairs of MS-A (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Sponga">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1981: fig. 13). Besides that, one of the male paratypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quirozi" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="quirozi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. quirozi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Yaracuy (MAGS 294) exhibits a gap between MS-A1 (most dorsal MS-A) and MS-A2/MS-A3 (located more basally). Not finding genital differences between the males studied, we prefer to synonymize both species and understand spot shape differences as intraspecific variations. Villarreal-M & Rodriguez-Manzanilla (2003: 181) suggested a morphological similarity between
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="García & Villarreal" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Avima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avima vigirima" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigirima">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Avima vigirima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
syn. nov.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Goodnight & Goodnight" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima plana" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima quirozi" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quirozi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima quirozi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
|
, which appears reflected in our analyzes (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Phylogenetic relationship of Leiosteninae based on cladistic analyses using morphological data (in the left tree the terminals of Globibuninae and Agoristeninae are not shown; Globibuninae (Rivetinus) and Agoristeninae branches are condensed; the right tree is a continuation of the left tree). Sensitivity plots (' Navajo rugs') indicate the recovery of the nodes in the analyses under implied weights with K values of 1, 2, 4 and 8. Clear circles represent homoplastic synapomorphies and filled circles represent non-homoplastic synapomorphies." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840448" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">16</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Simplified phylogenetic trees showing the relationships of Paravima Caporiacco, 1951 based on cladistic analyses using morphological data. A Consensus tree of the analysis using equal weights and implied weights with K values of 2, 4, 8 and 6.4844 (the dashed lines represent the unresolved relationships of other Leiosteninae under equal weights). B Analysis using implied weights with K = 1. The numbers in the nodes represent the bootstrap (above) and bremer relative (under) supports." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840449" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">17</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |