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<mods:title id="3DE198EE84627C35F85177D2A2DE674E">A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="30710A411637FFD2FF2A2430EF20D129" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:30710A411637FFD2FF2A2430EF20D129" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30710A411637FFD2FF2A2430EF20D129" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1637FFD2FF2A2430EEEED7E8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF2A2430ECCED7CD" blockId="12.[151,730,367,428]" box="[151,730,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="E32F0C3B1637FFD2FF2A2430ECCED7CD" bold="true" box="[151,730,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FF2A2430ECCED7CD" ID-CoL="37YRT" authority="Deichmann, 1930" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,730,367,393]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF2A2430ECCED7CD" bold="true" box="[151,730,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF2A2430EFF3D7CD" bold="true" box="[151,487,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Duasmodactyla seguroensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A61637FFD2FE4B2430ECC6D7CD" author="Deichmann" box="[502,722,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 71: 43 - 226. Deichmann, E. (1940) Report of the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural &quot; Felipe Poey &quot;, 14, 183 - 240." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF2A24CDEEEED7E8" blockId="12.[151,730,367,428]" box="[151,250,402,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="20E3A7D21637FFD2FF2A24CDEEEED7E8" box="[151,250,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,257,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[184,1377,989,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[178,1409,970,1600]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Duasmodactyla seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930). A, whole animal; B, table in lateral view; C, table, top view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195141/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1637FFD2FF2A2482EA1DD458" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF2A2482EDBAD7B3" blockId="12.[151,1033,477,540]" box="[151,942,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="98C89C791637FFD2FF2A2482EDBAD7B3" box="[151,942,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FF2A2482ECCED7B3" authority="Deichmann, 1930: 141" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,730,477,503]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF2A2482EFD2D7B2" box="[151,454,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phyllophorus seguroensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="39799D461637FFD2FE712482ECCED7B3" author="Deichmann" box="[460,730,477,503]" page="141" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A61637FFD2FE712482ECB5D7B3" author="Deichmann" box="[460,673,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 71: 43 - 226. Deichmann, E. (1940) Report of the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural &quot; Felipe Poey &quot;, 14, 183 - 240." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 141
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl.17 figs.1013.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF2A275DEA1DD458" blockId="12.[151,1033,477,540]" box="[151,1033,514,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="98C89C791637FFD2FF2A275DEA1DD458" box="[151,1033,514,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FF2A275DEFCBD45F" ID-CoL="37YRT" box="[151,479,514,539]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF2A275DEFCBD45F" box="[151,479,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Duasmodactyla seguroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="39799D461637FFD2FDBC275DED38D458" author="Hendler" box="[513,812,514,540]" page="259" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A61637FFD2FDBC275DECE6D458" author="Hendler" box="[513,754,514,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" refString="Hendler, G., J. E. Miller, D. L. Pawson &amp; P. M. Kier (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins and Allies. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. xi + 390 pages." type="book" year="1995">
Hendler
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FDD7275DECB0D45F" box="[618,676,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
: 259
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 140, 178A,B.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1637FFD2FF2A2712ED17D4C8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF2A2712ED17D4C8" blockId="12.[151,1437,589,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF2A2712EF8AD423" bold="true" box="[151,414,589,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="DEC923921637FFD2FE1A2712EC12D423" box="[423,518,589,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SERTC</collectionCode>
S2215, 70.2 miles @ 102 degrees off Charleston Light, SC,
<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD901637FFD2FAA92712EB83D423" box="[1300,1431,589,615]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="92" value="32.505">32°30.3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD901637FFD2FF2A272DEF00D4C8" box="[151,276,626,652]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="92" value="-78.48167">78°28.9'W</geoCoordinate>
, 210.3 m, coll.
<collectionCode id="DEC923921637FFD2FE74272DEC1ED4C8" box="[457,522,626,652]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qhn6-m3c1" name="Gaylord Memorial Laboratory Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">GML</collectionCode>
Staff,
<date id="CC669D971637FFD2FDE5272DECEBD4C8" box="[600,767,626,652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1978-04-11">April 11 1978</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1637FFD2FF7B27C8EEFCD503" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF7B27C8EEFCD503" blockId="12.[151,1437,589,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF7B27C8EF52D4F5" bold="true" box="[198,326,663,689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length up to
<quantity id="7F2016B21637FFD2FE5427C7EC26D4F6" box="[489,562,664,690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
with 20 dendritic tentacles, 5 large pairs alternating with 5 smaller pairs. Color dark greenish-brown to mottled brown, with paler feet. Tube feet scattered, except on the introvert where they form 5 distinct rows. All body wall ossicles are tables (66100 μm), with undulating and scalloped margins perforated by about 12 peripheral and 4 central holes; short 4-pillared spires terminate in 1516 small spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1637FFD2FF7B260DED2AD5D6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF7B260DEA9ED528" blockId="12.[151,1437,589,914]" box="[198,1162,850,876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF7B260DEF73D528" bold="true" box="[198,359,850,876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
SC to FL, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC71637FFD2FDF8260DECB5D528" box="[581,673,850,876]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC71637FFD2FD10260DED1AD528" box="[685,782,850,876]" name="Jamaica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC71637FFD2FCA7260DEDBCD528" box="[794,936,850,876]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC71637FFD2FC09260DEA3BD528" box="[948,1071,850,876]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC71637FFD2FB86260DEA92D528" box="[1083,1158,850,876]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF7B2628ED2AD5D6" blockId="12.[151,1437,589,914]" box="[198,830,887,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF7B2628EF39D5D5" bold="true" box="[198,301,887,913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Habitat.</emphasis>
Coastal areas, seagrass beds. Littoral to
<specimenCount id="AEDE70DE1637FFD2FCB92627ED2AD5D6" box="[772,830,888,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">
<quantity id="7F2016B21637FFD2FCB92627ED2ED5D6" box="[772,826,888,914]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="13.0">13m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="ECA7EBDF1637FFD2FF2A2307EEC4D0CB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195141/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[184,1377,989,1582]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF2A2307EEC4D0CB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1624,1901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF2A2307EF09D034" bold="true" box="[151,285,1624,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FE992307ED23D02B" authority="Deichmann, 1930" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" box="[292,823,1624,1647]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FE992307EC43D02B" box="[292,599,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Duasmodactyla seguroensis</emphasis>
(Deichmann, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
. A, whole animal; B, table in lateral view; C, table, top view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1637FFD2FF7B23C7EF20D129" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B867BB571637FFD2FF7B23C7EF20D129" blockId="12.[151,1436,1624,1901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FF7B23C7EF2BD0F6" bold="true" box="[198,319,1688,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A61637FFD2FEF123C7EC9BD0F6" author="Heding" box="[332,655,1688,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" refString="Heding, S. G. &amp; A. Panning (1954) Phyllophoridae: eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 13, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding &amp; Panning (1954)</bibRefCitation>
, without comment, listed
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FC6C23C6EECFD093" authority="Pourtales, 1868" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conchilegum">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FC6C23C6EB06D0F6" box="[977,1298,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phyllophorus conchilegum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A61637FFD2FA9B23C7EEC7D093" author="Pourtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Pourtales, L. F. (1868) Contribution to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7, 127 - 128." type="journal article" year="1868">Pourtalès, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FE4923E1ECB4D093" box="[500,672,1726,1751]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FE4923E1ECB4D093" box="[500,672,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. seguroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We can find no evidence to support this step.
<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A61637FFD2FB7D23E2EB88D093" author="Deichmann" box="[1216,1436,1725,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 71: 43 - 226. Deichmann, E. (1940) Report of the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural &quot; Felipe Poey &quot;, 14, 183 - 240." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FEA123BCEFC0D0B8" box="[284,468,1763,1788]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FEA123BCEFC0D0B8" box="[284,468,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. seguroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a “high” calcareous ring and tables and rosettes in the introvert, while
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FA3B23BCEF3BD166" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conchilegum">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FA3B23BCEF3BD166" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. conchilegum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a “low” calcareous ring and tables and perforated plates in the introvert; in any case, if
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FA3B2256EF3BD103" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conchilegum">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FA3B2256EF3BD103" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. conchilegum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41637FFD2FED62271EC08D103" box="[363,540,1838,1863]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451637FFD2FED62271EC08D103" box="[363,540,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. seguroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were eventually found to be synonymous, the former species-name would have priority.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>