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<document id="14F0A2D5D74E72F01BB07B982EC7F37F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276783" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cbd0de37-eabb-43d6-bae2-ff7fe53daac6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276783" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460235511592" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2011" docId="03D28792FFD4FF8F84E4102F68C48400" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02759p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2759" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chitonaster trangae Mah, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFEBFFEAFFC4FF9D847312686C098034" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic &amp; Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698239547451" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9FF005134C561C3C83028A5C5B91DDE0">Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic &amp; Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FA20D7099F57CEFD75F021829BBCF0BC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="164DF23C32385012287A9D31146EA8DD">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CFA1A2BF56639F762A4D59D05A16E5C4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="63EF2EF816FDEA1DE7DEA69D07B6F148">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AEFD67FED6494663208090F2BC5FFD77" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AFD4880B1370B6AC42A64164CBCB3523">2759</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="259531C88A5860A379DFBB1559B6FC4C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8FB2EAAF586FA07CB97D45D02A632239" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276783</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="17438DC89F45E3849A4EA66A9384A901" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="53BF40223519C417978F3E33F07A8E7E" type="Zenodo-Dep">276783</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D28792FFD4FF8F84E4102F68C48400" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184335" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184335" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D28792FFD4FF8F84E4102F68C48400" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D28792FFD4FF8F84E4102F68C48400" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD4FF8D84E4102F6D3082B6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84E4102F6DDB8255" blockId="16.[151,466,583,642]" box="[151,466,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D08C81E8FFD4FF8D84E4102F6DDB8255" bold="true" box="[151,466,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84E4102F6DDB8255" bold="true" box="[151,466,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D84E4102F6D808255" ID-CoL="5Y82P" box="[151,393,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84E4102F6D808255" bold="true" box="[151,393,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chitonaster trangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57EDFFD4FF8D85E3102F6DDB8255" box="[400,466,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84E410026D3082B6" blockId="16.[151,466,583,642]" box="[151,313,618,642]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD4FF8D84ED10026CF482B6" box="[158,253,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 7</figureCitation>
A–F)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD4FF8D84E410DA6F5682FC" box="[151,863,690,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84E410DA6F5682FC" blockId="16.[151,863,690,712]" box="[151,863,690,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFD4FF8D84E410DA6D0682FC" author="Mein" box="[151,271,690,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Mein, B. (1992) Beitrag zur Kenntnis antarktischer Seesterne (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 89, 239 - 259." type="journal article" year="1992">Mein, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 245;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFD4FF8D853F10DB6E7282FC" author="Stampanato" box="[332,635,691,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Stampanato, S. &amp; Jangoux, M. (1993) Les asterides (Echinodermata) de la Baie Breid (Cote de la Princesse Ragnhild, quartier Enderby, Antarctique), avec la description d' une nouvelle espece de Solaster. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 63, 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1993">Stampanato &amp; Jangoux, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 181. (as C.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D868A10DA6F5E82FC" box="[761,855,690,712]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D868A10DA6F5E82FC" box="[761,855,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">johannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD4FF8D84E410876DFC837B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84E410876DFC837B" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84E410876D18833C" bold="true" box="[151,273,751,776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Papulae present between abactinal plates. Blunt, cylindrical spines on abactinal and marginal plates. Granules coarse and well-spaced. Abactinal plates larger than in other known
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D806A117C68948318" box="[1049,1181,788,812]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D806A117C68948318" box="[1049,1181,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chitonaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D8178117D6CCD8364" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cataphractus">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D8178117D6CCD8364" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. cataphractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D84A111506D178364" box="[210,286,824,848]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84A111506D178364" box="[210,286,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. felli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D852F11506DED8364" box="[348,484,824,848]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D852F11506DED8364" box="[348,484,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. johannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD4FF8D84B411346F9B83A3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B411346F9B83A3" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84B411346D478340" bold="true" box="[199,334,860,884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named for Trang Ngyuen,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D875911346F478340" box="[810,846,860,884]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">US</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D872511346FB78340" box="[854,958,860,884]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Research Program for her enthusiasm and diligent contributions to the study of
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D864511176E9783A3" box="[566,670,895,919]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
marine invertebrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD4FF8D84B411CB68EA8478" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B411CB686283EB" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84B411CB6D698388" bold="true" box="[199,352,931,956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
Palmer Archipelago,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D862511CC6EB78388" box="[598,702,932,956]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Peninsula, Vahsel Bay, Weddell Sea, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D80DC11CC69548388" box="[1199,1373,932,956]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D811A11CC6CEC83EB" authority="Sea" authorityName="Sea" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D811A11CC6CBA83EB" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Sea
</taxonomicName>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D854A11AF6DFA83EB" box="[313,499,967,991]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, Bransfield Strait, Off Enderby Land.
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D87EC11AF681783D4" box="[927,1054,967,992]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" metricValueMax="4.12" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="258.0" valueMax="412.0" valueMin="104.0">104–412 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B4118368EA8478" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84B411836E368430" bold="true" box="[199,575,1003,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distinctions from other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D863411846F238430" box="[583,810,1004,1028]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D863411846F238430" box="[583,810,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chitonaster trangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D874111846F788430" bold="true" box="[818,881,1004,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57EDFFD4FF8D874111846F788430" box="[818,881,1004,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
occurs primarily in shallow-water settings (
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D811011846CEA8413" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="100.0">100– 400 m</quantity>
). It is distinguished primarily by the presence of papulae on the disk (papulae are absent in the deep-water taxa), the larger, coarser, and more widely-spaced surface granules and/or blunt cylindrical spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD4FF8C84B4163F6D3C80E0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B4163F6F8684A0" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84B4163F6DBA8444" bold="true" box="[199,435,1111,1136]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54C08826FFD4FF8D85CE16306E588444" box="[445,593,1112,1136]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D85CE16306E588444" box="[445,593,1112,1136]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">HOLOTYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D862816306EA58444" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[603,684,1112,1136]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
E13585 Vahsel Bay, Coats Land, Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. 77˚44’S, 35˚30’W,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D851C16146DB484A0" box="[367,445,1148,1172]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D851C16146DB084A0" box="[367,441,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="412.0">412 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll. J. Tyler (1 dry spec. R=3. 6, r=1.3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B416C8681F8580" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54C08826FFD4FF8D84B416C86D6F848C" box="[199,358,1184,1208]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D850616C86DCF848C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[373,454,1184,1208]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="9428AB67FFD4FF8D85A116C86E24848C" box="[466,557,1184,1208]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E50555" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="EnaNcbi">E50555</accessionNumber>
. South of Laurie Bay, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D87FC16C8684A848C" box="[911,1091,1184,1208]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D802116C868DC848C" authority="Sea." authorityName="Sea." box="[1106,1237,1184,1208]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D802116C86891848C" box="[1106,1176,1184,1208]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Sea.
</taxonomicName>
61˚18’06”S, 44˚ 23’24”W,
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D857916AC6D8584E8" box="[266,396,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="2.91" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="290.0" valueMax="291.0" valueMin="289.0">
289–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D853016AC6D8584E8" box="[323,396,1220,1244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">291 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D85A716AC6DF184E8" box="[468,504,1220,1244]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">US</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D858D16AC6E6F84E8" box="[510,614,1220,1244]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Research Program. (1 dry spec. R=5.6, r=2.3);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D800A16AC68C384E8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1145,1226,1220,1244]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1101456 Elephant
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D84E416806CD78534" box="[151,222,1256,1280]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D854016806DE68534" box="[307,495,1256,1280]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, 61˚03’22S, 54˚42’43W,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D877D16806F548534" box="[782,861,1256,1280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D877D16806F508534" box="[782,857,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="402.0">402 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
coll. S. Kim &amp; Moss Landing Marine Labs (2 wet specs. R=6.5, r=2.7; R=4.1, r=2.0);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D865D17646E768510" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[558,639,1292,1316]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1121466 South of Anvers
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D87C017646FF28510" box="[947,1019,1292,1316]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
. 64˚50’30”S, 63˚ 15’W”W,
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D814917646CB9857C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="104.0">
104–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D810017646CB9857C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">146 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. D. Pawson and D.F. Squires. (1 dry spec. R=4.1, r=2.1);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D870B17586FC0857C" box="[888,969,1328,1352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
174667 Bransfield Strait,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFD4FF8D80821758699E857C" box="[1265,1431,1328,1352]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-62.399975">62° 23' 59.9”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFD4FF8D84E4173C6D438558" box="[151,330,1364,1388]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-54.469975">54° 28' 11.9” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D8527173C6DAB8558" box="[340,418,1364,1388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D8527173C6D948558" box="[340,413,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="388.0">388 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll. S. Lockhart aboard RV
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D869F173C6FB38558" box="[748,954,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Yuzhmorgeologiya</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFC51044FFD4FF8D87B4173C686E8558" box="[967,1127,1364,1388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2006-03-01">1 March 2006</date>
. (1 wet spec. R=4.7, r=1.9).
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D84E417106CE185A4" box="[151,232,1400,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
175987 Bransfield Strait
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFD4FF8D867F17106EAF85A4" box="[524,678,1400,1424]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" value="-62.649723">62° 38' 59” S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFD4FF8D86C017106F4685A4" box="[691,847,1400,1424]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" value="-55.609722">55° 36' 35”W</geoCoordinate>
, 177–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D87E717106FEB85A4" box="[916,994,1400,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D87E717106FD785A4" box="[916,990,1400,1424]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="165.0">165 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll. S. Lockhart and V. Smith aboard R/V
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84BF17F46D938580" box="[204,410,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Yuzhmorgeologiya</emphasis>
<date id="FFC51044FFD4FF8D85D117F46E3C8580" box="[418,565,1436,1460]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-12-20">20 Dec 2007</date>
. (2 wet specs. R=3.1, r=1.7; R=3.7, r=2.3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B417D76E8E87C0" blockId="16.[151,1437,751,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D84B417D76E3685EC" bold="true" box="[199,575,1471,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined (non-types).</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D863517A86E9E85EC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[582,663,1472,1496]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
E13503. NW of
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D872417A86FB985EC" box="[855,944,1472,1496]" name="Belgium" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brabant</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D87C417A86FF785EC" box="[951,1022,1472,1496]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, Palmer Archipelago,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D808A17A8696885EC" box="[1273,1377,1472,1496]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Peninsula.63˚51’S, 62˚38’W, 128–165.0 m. Coll. R/V
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD4FF8D86BD178C6F2885C8" box="[718,801,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D875D178C6F8185C8" box="[814,904,1508,1532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USARP</collectionCode>
<date id="FFC51044FFD4FF8D87E3178C680085C8" box="[912,1033,1508,1532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1963-01-09">9 Jan 1963</date>
(11 dry specs. R=4.4, r=1.9; R=3.4, r=1.4; R=3.0, r=1.2; R=3.9, r=1.4; R=4.0, r=1.2; R=3.3, r=1.1; R=1.6, r=0.7; R=4.8, r=1.8; R=2.3, r=1.8; R=0.9, r=0.6; R=0.9, r=0.5);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D85FF14446DD48670" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[396,477,1580,1604]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1081975 Low
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D86FA14446ED98670" box="[649,720,1580,1604]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D875514446FE88670" box="[806,993,1580,1604]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, Southern Ocean. 63˚26’S, 62˚15’W to 63˚25’S, 62˚14’W.
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D850714386DFE865C" box="[372,503,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.215" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="121.5" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="119.0">
119–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D85D814386DFE865C" box="[427,503,1616,1640]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">124 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D863714386E61865C" box="[580,616,1616,1640]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">US</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D860214386ED0865C" box="[625,729,1616,1640]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Research Program. (3 dry specs. R=5.3, r=3.0; R=3.2, r=1.6; R=4.0, r=1.8);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D854D141C6D8686B8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[318,399,1652,1676]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1082741 Southeast of South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D86AA141C6F8F86B8" box="[729,902,1652,1676]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD4FF8D87E2141C68A586B8" authority="Ridge, Scotia Sea." authorityName="Ridge, Scotia Sea." box="[913,1196,1652,1676]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D87E2141C6FDE86B8" box="[913,983,1652,1676]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Ridge,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D805C141C687C86B8" box="[1071,1141,1652,1676]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Sea.
</taxonomicName>
61˚26’S, 41˚55’W to 61˚24’S, 41˚55’W,
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D851C14F06DF88684" box="[367,497,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.955" metricValueMax="5.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="5.93" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="595.5" valueMax="598.0" valueMin="593.0">
593–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D85D414F06DF88684" box="[423,497,1688,1712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">598 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D864914F06E658684" box="[570,620,1688,1712]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">U.S.</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D860014F06ED28684" box="[627,731,1688,1712]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Research Program/U. Southern California. (1 dry spec. R=2.5, r=1.1);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D849814D46D3586E0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[235,316,1724,1748]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1082877 Elephant
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D866414D46E5786E0" box="[535,606,1724,1748]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D86C114D46F6386E0" box="[690,874,1724,1748]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
61˚18’S, 56˚9’W to 61˚20’S, 56˚10’W˚.
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D814914D46CB986CC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="230.0" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="220.0">
220–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D810114D46CB986CC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">240 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. Univ. Southern California (1 dry damaged specimen);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D871814886FB586CC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[875,956,1760,1784]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1101454 Elephant
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D80E8148868EB86CC" box="[1179,1250,1760,1784]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D814914886CE08728" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, 60˚34’26S, 55˚05’23W,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D8678156C6E528728" box="[523,603,1796,1820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D8678156C6E5E8728" box="[523,599,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="258.0">258 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
coll. S. Kim &amp; Moss Landing Marine Labs (1 wet spec. R= 4.2, r=1.6).
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D84E415406CE18774" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1832,1856]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1101461 Elephant
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D85B915406E188774" box="[458,529,1832,1856]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D861915406F218774" box="[618,808,1832,1856]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, 61˚09’35S, 54˚32’57W,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D803E154068978774" box="[1101,1182,1832,1856]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D803E154068938774" box="[1101,1178,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="331.0">331 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
coll. S. Kim &amp; Moss Landing Marine Labs (1 wet spec. R=5.1, r=2.2).
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D868715246F4C8750" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[756,837,1868,1892]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1101462 Elephant
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D80431524687E8750" box="[1072,1143,1868,1892]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D80A41524699E8750" box="[1239,1431,1868,1892]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, 61˚09’35S, 54˚32’57W,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D85DE15186DF787BC" box="[429,510,1904,1928]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D85DE15186DF387BC" box="[429,506,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="331.0">331 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
coll. S. Kim &amp; Moss Landing Marine Labs (2 wet specs. R=4.0, r=2.1; R=3.3, r=1.5);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D849E15FC6D378798" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[237,318,1940,1964]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1131425. Southern Ocean. 62˚41’S, 54˚43’W,
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D872E15FC6FE88798" box="[861,993,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="210.0">210–220 m</quantity>
, Coll. R/V Eltanin,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFD4FF8D80BA15FC68E48798" box="[1225,1261,1940,1964]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">US</collectingCountry>
Ant. Res. Program. (1 wet spec. R=2.2, r=1.0);
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFD4FF8D866115D06E6A87E4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[530,611,1976,2000]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
1136769 Dallmann Bay, Southern Ocean, 64˚00’S, 62˚00W,
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD4FF8D816315D0695787E4" box="[1296,1374,1976,2000]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD4FF8D816315D0695387E4" box="[1296,1370,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll. R/V. Polar Duke. (1 dry spec. R=2.9, r=1.3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD5FF8C84B412F06D3C80E0" blockId="17.[151,1435,151,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C84B412F06D7D8084" bold="true" box="[199,372,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Not examined.</emphasis>
MV F
<date id="FFC51044FFD5FF8C85B312FF6E1F809B" box="[448,534,151,175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="14-12-26">122614</date>
, Off Enderby Land,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFD5FF8C868C12FF6F82809B" box="[767,907,151,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="-65.94">65º56’24” S</geoCoordinate>
, 50º
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFD5FF8C87CF12FF681E809B" box="[956,1047,151,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-52.1">52 06W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C839B61FFD5FF8C805012FF68AC809B" box="[1059,1189,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.86" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="393.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="386.0">
386–
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFD5FF8C802912FF68AC809B" box="[1114,1189,151,175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">400 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. M/S
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C815412F069928084" box="[1319,1435,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nella Dan</emphasis>
<date id="FFC51044FFD5FF8C84E412D46D3880E0" box="[151,305,188,212]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1985-11-15">15 Nov. 1985</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFD5FF8F84B412B768C48400" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD5FF8C84B412B768EB80C3" blockId="17.[151,1435,151,248]" box="[199,1250,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C84B412B76D5080CC" bold="true" box="[199,345,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</emphasis>
Body strongly stellate (R/r=1.8–2.7) with elongate arms, inflated disk (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C800812B768B780C3" box="[1147,1214,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04660CFFD5FF8C84E4174D6CB485A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD5FF8C84E4174D6CB485A3" blockId="17.[151,1436,1317,1431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C84E4174D6E50850F" bold="true" box="[151,601,1317,1340]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
FIGURE 7.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD5FF8C8550174D6DF1850F" box="[291,504,1317,1339]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trangae">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C8550174D6DF1850F" bold="true" box="[291,504,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chitonaster trangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. sp.
</emphasis>
. Holotype USNM E13585.
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C87FA174D6FAB850E" bold="true" box="[905,930,1317,1338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal Surface..
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C80F3174E689E850F" bold="true" box="[1152,1175,1318,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B.</emphasis>
Actinal surface. USNM 1121466
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C8486172B6D07856E" bold="true" box="[245,270,1347,1370]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.</emphasis>
Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E13503.
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C875A172C6F48856D" bold="true" box="[809,833,1348,1369]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D.</emphasis>
Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores.. USNM
<accessionNumber id="9428AB67FFD5FF8C8495170A6D3E854C" box="[230,311,1378,1400]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E50555" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="EnaNcbi">E50555</accessionNumber>
-
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C854E170B6D5D854C" bold="true" box="[317,340,1379,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E.</emphasis>
Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines.
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD5FF8C8701170B6F8A854C" bold="true" box="[882,899,1379,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F.</emphasis>
Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD5FF8C84B417D768758756" blockId="17.[151,1436,1471,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Abactinal plates, flattened, scalar, with overlapping edges (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C872A17D76F9585E3" box="[857,924,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D). Plates irregular to jagged with blunt edges in outline, relatively large (approximately 3–4 across arm base). Abactinal plates are thicker relative to other species, which results in relatively shallow fasciolar grooves between plates, especially on disk. Each plate covered by two to twelve spines, varying from blunt cylindrical, appearing almost granular to pointed conical (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C81611442695E8677" box="[1298,1367,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, F). Spine size varies on some individuals with some showing two sizes, a larger, thicker 1.2–2.0 mm spine and a smaller 0.5 to 1.0 mm spine (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C8584141A6E3686BE" box="[503,575,1650,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
F). Granular, blunt spines are also present on some individuals (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C8141141A697386BE" box="[1330,1402,1650,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). Spines/granules distributions vary with some specimes showing spines closely clustered, others evenly spaced from one another, with some spines sometimes absent from plate surface. Large bivalved pedicellariae with elongate smooth-edged blades also present on abactinal surface, approximately equal in size to plates on which they sit (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C84EC156A6CEF872E" box="[159,230,1794,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Aside from spines and pedicellariae, other secondary smaller accessories such as smaller peripheral granules are absent. Papulae present on disk and arms, four to six present between jagged edges of each plate (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C811D154F6CAF8756" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D). Madreporite convex, flanked by four to six plates, with moderately developed sulci.
</paragraph>
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Marginal plate series interradially facing more laterally, whereas those on distal arm face more dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD5FF8C811C15076CAF879E" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E). Superomarginal and inferomarginal plate series correspond 1:
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smaller specimens (~R=1.0 cm) but become offset in larger individuals (~R&gt;2.0 cm) with larger superomarginals and smaller inferomarginals. Superomarginals number 16 (in R=1.0)–32 (in R=5.3) whereas inferomarginals number 24 to 46 (for R=1.0 and R=
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respectively). Both superomarginals and inferomarginals are more quadrate interradially becoming more rectangular distally. Similar to the grooves on the abactinal plates, marginal series show shallow fasciolar grooves between superomarginal and inferomarginal plate contacts. Each plate with spinelets, one to nine, blunt and/or conical similar in size and shape to those present on the abactinal plates. Some spines larger with smaller spines &lt;10% of larger spine size. Spine morphology varies across individuals showing more spiny, conical tips versus others with evenly distributed thickened, blunt, cylindrical shaped spines. Spines with conical, pointed tips often clustered together not as widely distributed as blunt spines. Larger spines on inferomarginal often arranged in a distinct linear series facing ventrolaterally with superomarginal spines in a more scattered pattern. Marginal plates are bare with no other secondary accessories, such as granules or spinelets present forming peripheral borders or covering plate surface. Pedicellariae absent on marginal plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD6FF8F84B413976F378368" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Actinal intermediate regions, relatively well developed compared to other
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFD6FF8F806010686891822C" box="[1043,1176,512,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFD6FF8F806010686891822C" box="[1043,1176,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chitonaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, typically with two or even a partial third actinal “chevron” series, each composed of approximately six or seven individual plates limited to disk (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD6FF8F8534102F6D83826B" box="[327,394,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Actinal plates absent from arms. Actinal plates quadrate, flattened, scalar, similar to those on abactinal surface. Plate boundaries obscured by fleshy membrane. Each plate with spines, two to six, cylindrical and blunt or conical and spiny tipped, sometimes clustered or in short series but other times discretely spaced from one another. Some spine series with individual spines enlarged, distal spines smaller. Actinal surface spination is similar to those on inferomarginal plates and spination appears confluent. Large bivalve or trivalve pedicellariae,
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number, with smooth valves, each pedicellariae is the size of the actinal plate on which it sits and evenly distributed across the actinal surface (Fib. 7B). Pedicellariae are flanked by six to seven sharp thorny spinelets on each side similar in appearance to spinelets described below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD6FF8F84B4110168C48400" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Furrow spines two, exceptionally three, in transverse series, enlarged, cylindrical, thickened with blunt tip (
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD6FF8F84EC11E46CED8390" box="[159,228,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1317,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,289,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,289,1308]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E 13585. A. Abactinal Surface .. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E 13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores .. USNM E 50555 - E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). A shorter subambulacral spine, usually about 50–60% of the length of the furrow spine, variably with blunt or spiny tip sits adjacent to the transverse furrow spine series. Often scattered among the actinal surface at the base of the furrow and subambulacral spines are short, thorny spinelets but otherwise surface accessories, such as those which make up surface granulation are absent. Furrow spines, blunt, elongate on oral plates, two, with a third spine projecting into the mouth. Two spines, blunt tipped, elongate present on oral plate surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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