564 lines
60 KiB
XML
564 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B1BC9973CE38E1E83029A8D647687955">Pseudacteon notocaudatus and Pseudacteon obtusitus (Diptera: Phoridae), two new species of fire ant parasitoids from South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4EDBCA75C173AF1054201611BD9A2C31">Plowes, Robert M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="44890C1AE9CF91A9A32F727B6E3A4AD2">Folgarait, Patricia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A47F7EE05686A28948CE6FF46764BB4A">Gilbert, Lawrence E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15A5944BA46B0313FC6E27BF4503F415">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="00731F4D5FFD89F5F91ABAC30DA1B215">2015</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDD163FFF39F93F4E05778D" blockId="2.[151,571,1758,1816]" box="[151,571,1758,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<heading id="D0D48252FFDD163FFF39F93F4E05778D" bold="true" box="[151,571,1758,1784]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F93F4E05778D" bold="true" box="[151,571,1758,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDD163FFF39F93F4D9A778D" ID-CoL="9HK64" box="[151,420,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F93F4D9A778D" bold="true" box="[151,420,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Pseudacteon obtusitus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2645457FFDD163FFE02F93F4E05778D" box="[428,571,1758,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDD163FFF39F8E04CE8766D" blockId="2.[151,571,1758,1816]" box="[151,214,1793,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<figureCitation id="131829BBFFDD163FFF39F8E04CE8766D" box="[151,214,1793,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[267,1331,1102,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[252,1334,1093,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Oviscapes, dorsal-ventral view: (5) Pseudacteon obtusitus new species. Holotype. (6) Pseudacteon obtusus Borgmeier. Laboratory reared specimen, Brackenridge Field Laboratory, Austin, 068 - 01, source population Herradura, Argentina, via USDA-ARS. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241766/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDD163EFF39F8A74E4E7181" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDD163FFF39F8A74E1F7628" blockId="2.[151,803,1862,2024]" box="[151,545,1862,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDD163FFF39F8A74E1F7628" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" authority="Orr et al. 1997" authorityName="Orr et al." authorityYear="1997" box="[151,545,1862,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F8A74D407628" box="[151,382,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Pseudacteon obtusus,</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDD163FFE2AF8A74E1F7628" author="Orr" box="[388,545,1862,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" refString="Orr, M. R., Seike, S. H. & Gilbert, L. E. (1997) Foraging ecology and patterns of diversification in dipteran parasitoids of fire ants in south Brazil. Ecological Entomology, 22, 305 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2311.1997.00072. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
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Orr
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFE1EF8A74DE17628" box="[432,479,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDD163FFF39F8884EAF76F5" blockId="2.[151,803,1862,2024]" box="[151,657,1897,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDD163FFF39F8884EAF76F5" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" authority="Morrison & Gilbert 1999" authorityName="Morrison & Gilbert" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,657,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F8884D4076F5" box="[151,382,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Pseudacteon obtusus,</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDD163FFE2AF8884EAF76F5" author="Morrison" box="[388,657,1897,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" refString="Morrison, L. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (1999) Host specificity in two additional Pseudacteon spp. (Diptera: Phoridae), parasitoids of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Florida Entomologist, 82, 404 - 409. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3496867" type="journal article" year="1999">Morrison & Gilbert 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDD163EFF39F86A4E4E7181" blockId="2.[151,803,1862,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,670,152,244]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDD163FFF39F86A4D4976D7" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" box="[151,375,1931,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F86A4D4976D7" box="[151,375,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Pseudacteon obtusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(small form),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDD163FFDBFF86A4F1D76D7" author="Porter" box="[529,803,1931,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" refString="Porter, S. D. & Pesquero, M. A. (2001) Illustrated key to Pseudacteon decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae) that attack Solenopsis saevissima complex fire ants in South America. Florida Entomologist, 84, 691 - 699. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3496403" type="journal article" year="2001">Porter and Pesquero 2001</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDD163FFF39F84F4D4976B0" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" box="[151,375,1966,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F84F4D4976B0" box="[151,375,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Pseudacteon obtusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(small form),
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDD163FFDBFF84F4ED776B0" author="Folgarait" box="[529,745,1966,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" refString="Folgarait, P. J., Bruzzone, O., Porter, S. D., Pesquero, M. A. & Gilbert, L. E. (2005) Biogeography and macroecology of phorid flies that attack fire ants in south-eastern Brazil and Argentina. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 353 - 367. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2004.01177. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Folgarait
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFDD6F84F4E9976B0" box="[632,679,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDD163FFF39F8304D49769D" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" box="[151,375,2001,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFF39F8304D49769D" box="[151,375,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Pseudacteon obtusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(small form),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDD163FFDBFF8304ECE769D" author="Kronforst" box="[529,752,2001,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" refString="Kronforst, M., Folgarait, P. J., Patrock, R. J. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2007) Genetic differentiation between body size biotypes of the parasitoid fly Pseudacteon obtusus (Diptera: Phoridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 1178 - 1184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.09.003" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Kronforst
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDD163FFDD1F8304E90769D" box="[639,686,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFF39FF794D2171DA" ID-CoL="6YL3" box="[151,287,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF39FF794D2171DA" box="[151,287,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Pseudacteon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
nr.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFEE6FF794EB871DA" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" authority="Folgarait et al.2007" authorityName="Folgarait et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[328,646,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFEE6FF794D9E71DA" box="[328,416,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">obtusus,</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDC163EFE08FF794EB871DA" author="Folgarait" box="[422,646,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" refString="Folgarait, P. J., Patrock, R. J. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2007 a) Associations of fire ant phorids and microhabitats. Environmental Entomology, 36, 731 - 742. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 36.4.731" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">
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||
Folgarait
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||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFDA3FF794E0571DA" box="[525,571,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.2007a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDC163EFD3FFF794EA071DA" author="Folgarait" box="[657,670,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" refString="Folgarait, P. J., Patrock, R. J. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2007 b) The influence of ambient conditions and space on the phenological patterns of a Solenopsis phorid guild in an arid environment. Biological Control, 42, 262 - 273. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2007.04.020" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFF39FF5B4D2171A4" ID-CoL="6YL3" box="[151,287,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF39FF5B4D2171A4" box="[151,287,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Pseudacteon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“mini”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFEDBFF5B4EAD71A4" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" authority="Feener et al. 2008" authorityName="Feener et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[373,659,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFEDBFF5B4DF871A4" box="[373,454,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDC163EFE7AFF5B4EAD71A4" author="Feener" box="[468,659,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" refString="Feener, D. H., Orr, M. R., Wackford, K. M., Longo, J. M., Benson, W. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2008) Geographic variation in resource dominance - discovery in Brazilian ant communities. Ecology, 89, 1824 - 1836. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1890 / 07 - 0659.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Feener
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFD8DFF5B4E6F71A4" box="[547,593,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFF39FF3C4D217181" ID-CoL="6YL3" box="[151,287,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF39FF3C4D217181" box="[151,287,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Pseudacteon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFEE6FF3C4E4E7181" ID-CoL="4NHFJ" authority="Patrock et al. 2009" authorityName="Patrock et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[328,624,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFEE6FF3C4D9E7181" box="[328,416,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">obtusus,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDC163EFE08FF3C4E4E7181" author="Patrock" box="[422,624,221,244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" refString="Patrock, R. J. W., Porter, S. D., Gilbert, L. E. & Folgarait, P. J. (2009) Distributional patterns of Pseudacteon associated with the Solenopsis saevissima complex in South America. Journal of Insect Science, 9, 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.009.6001" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Patrock
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFE50FF3C4E127181" box="[510,556,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDC163EFF39FEC348F970D4" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDC163EFF39FEC348F970D4" blockId="3.[151,1436,290,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF39FEC34D32704C" bold="true" box="[151,268,290,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Females: distinguished from the similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFD69FEC34F0A704C" box="[711,820,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFD69FEC34F0A704C" box="[711,820,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131829BBFFDC163EFCEAFEC34FBB704C" box="[836,901,290,313]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[267,1331,1102,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[252,1334,1093,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Oviscapes, dorsal-ventral view: (5) Pseudacteon obtusitus new species. Holotype. (6) Pseudacteon obtusus Borgmeier. Laboratory reared specimen, Brackenridge Field Laboratory, Austin, 068 - 01, source population Herradura, Argentina, via USDA-ARS. Scale bar 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241766/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) by the smaller size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFB2BFEC3493F704C" box="[1157,1281,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFB2BFEC3493F704C" box="[1157,1281,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The width of the oviscape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFE92FEA44D887029" box="[316,438,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFE92FEA44D887029" box="[316,438,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFDEDFEA44EDA7029" box="[579,740,325,348]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.17">0.17 to 0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=22) while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFC2CFEA44FD07029" box="[898,1006,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFC2CFEA44FD07029" box="[898,1006,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oviscape width is from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFB43FEA449A57029" box="[1261,1435,325,348]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.28" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.25">0.25 to 0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=16). The flagellomere 1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFE4DFE894E63700A" box="[483,605,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFE4DFE894E63700A" box="[483,605,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conical and tapering with a fringe of fine hairs and a short or absent arista, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFF77FE6B4D7A70D4" box="[217,324,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF77FE6B4D7A70D4" box="[217,324,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broader flagellomere 1, terminating in a long or short arista. Males: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDC163EFF69FE4C4DC872F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDC163EFF69FE4C4E8273E1" blockId="3.[151,1436,290,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF69FE4C4D1F70B1" bold="true" box="[199,289,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFE1DFE4C4E2D70B1" box="[435,531,429,452]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988B9CFFDC163EFD8CFE4C4E4170B1" box="[546,639,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
range 0.72–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFCA9FE4C4F5670B1" box="[775,872,429,452]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
|
||
), thorax width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFBA2FE4C485270B1" box="[1036,1132,429,452]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988B9CFFDC163EFBD4FE4C48E670B1" box="[1146,1240,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
range
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFA8CFE4C4CFB7092" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.34" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.28">0.28 – 0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFEDEFE314DF77092" box="[368,457,464,487]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFD8FFE314EB77092" box="[545,649,464,487]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body color dark orange brown, frons dark grey. Palpus pale yellow. Flagellomere 1 pale brown, flat, conical tapering toward arista, microscopically pubescent, fringe of fine hairs either side of tapered tip, overall
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFE24FDF44DD47359" box="[394,490,533,556]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, extending about ¾ of the eye width. Arista, fine, up to one quarter the length of flagellomere 1 (but absent in some specimens). Frons with 2-2-4-4 setae and 1 pair of supra-antennal setae. Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae, posterior pair over twice the length of fine anterior pair. Costa with 14 pairs of dark
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFB40FDBB49647304" box="[1262,1370,602,625]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.035">0.035 mm</quantity>
|
||
setae. Halter pale yellow brown. Legs pale yellow brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDC163EFF69FD414DC872F2" blockId="3.[151,1436,290,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF69FD414D1273C2" box="[199,300,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergite 6 dark brown, 2 fine setae on each lateral margin. Sternite 6 with a pair of medial setae, and 2 – 3 fine short setae on each side toward lateral margin. Oviscape in dorsal view broad, with two side lobes alongside the median lobe. Each side lobe sclerotized, rounded tip, with a small hyaline "tail" extending from the distal inner edge toward the median lobe. Hyaline tails terminate with an outward twist. Median lobe may act as a guide for the retractable stylet which passes between the straight dorsal plate and the down-curved ventral plate. 4 fine setae along each joint line between side and median lobes. Overall oviscape length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFCB7FCAC4FBE7211" box="[793,896,845,868]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Width across widest part at lobe tips
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFA96FCAC49A57211" box="[1336,1435,845,868]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988B9CFFDC163EFF30FC914CC272F2" box="[158,252,880,903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
range
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDC163EFEEAFC914DD472F2" box="[324,490,880,903]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.17">0.17 to 0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDC163EFF69FC734CE272B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDC163EFF69FC734CE272B9" blockId="3.[151,1436,290,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF69FC734D6772DC" bold="true" box="[199,345,914,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
La Plata basin of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDC163EFDB2FC734EB872DC" box="[540,646,914,937]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDC163EFD15FC734F2072DC" box="[699,798,914,937]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
to São Paulo and Mato Grosso states,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDC163EFB12FC7348C372DC" box="[1212,1277,914,937]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDC163EFAA5FC734CEF72B9" author="Patrock" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" refString="Patrock, R. J. W., Porter, S. D., Gilbert, L. E. & Folgarait, P. J. (2009) Distributional patterns of Pseudacteon associated with the Solenopsis saevissima complex in South America. Journal of Insect Science, 9, 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.009.6001" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Patrock
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFAC8FC7349AB72DC" box="[1382,1429,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDC163EFF69FC394E1F7564" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDC163EFF69FC394E1F7564" blockId="3.[151,1436,290,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF69FC394D79729A" bold="true" box="[199,327,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name implies “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFD65FC394F22729A" box="[715,796,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFD65FC394F22729A" box="[715,796,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by combining “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFC70FC39480D729A" box="[990,1075,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">obtusus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” with the Latinized form of the colloquial Spanish diminutive “-ito”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C65B6FFDC163EFF39F8924DF776B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241766/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" targetBox="[267,1331,1102,1873]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDC163EFF39F8924DF776B6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1907,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFF39F8924D0776FC" bold="true" box="[151,313,1907,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">FIGURES 5–6.</emphasis>
|
||
Oviscapes, dorsal-ventral view: (5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFD15F8924FA776FD" box="[699,921,1907,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFD15F8924FA776FD" box="[699,921,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Pseudacteon obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2645457FFDC163EFC09F892481A76FD" box="[935,1060,1907,1928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Holotype. (6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDC163EFB65F8924D3D76D3" authority="Borgmeier." authorityName="Borgmeier." class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDC163EFB65F89249A276FD" box="[1227,1436,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Pseudacteon obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
Borgmeier.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Laboratory reared specimen, Brackenridge Field Laboratory, Austin, 068-01, source population Herradura, Argentina, via USDA-ARS. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDB1639FF69FF794FB170B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDB1639FF69FF794DEB71A4" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF69FF794D0B71DA" bold="true" box="[199,309,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988B9CFFDB1639FF69FF794D0F71DA" box="[199,305,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDB1639FECCFF794E3C71DA" box="[354,514,152,175]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FDA3FF794EBD71DA" box="[525,643,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FDA3FF794E6771DA" box="[525,601,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">SANTA</collectionCode>
|
||
FE
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Romang,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FD50FF794F5771DA" box="[766,873,152,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-29.512">29.512º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FCD9FF794FD571DA" box="[887,1003,152,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-59.744">59.744º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FC56FF79486771DA" box="[1016,1113,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2009-02-06">6.ii.2009</date>
|
||
, E.G. LeBrun, over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FA98FF7949A271DA" box="[1334,1436,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FA98FF7949A271DA" box="[1334,1436,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. invicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest, BFL-
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FEA7FF5B4D6671A4" box="[265,344,186,209]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="39-11-07">110739</date>
|
||
d (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FEDDFF5B4DF771A4" box="[371,457,186,209]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDB1639FF69FF3C4FB170B1" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF69FF3C4D7E7181" bold="true" box="[199,320,221,244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988B9CFFDB1639FF69FF3C4D057181" box="[199,315,221,244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDB1639FEE4FF3C4DD47181" box="[330,490,221,244]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE59FF3C4E4C7181" box="[503,626,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDB1639FE59FF3C4E4C7181" box="[503,626,221,244]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">FORMOSA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Herradura,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FCAEFF3C4F527181" box="[768,876,221,244]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-26.518">26.518º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FCD5FF3C4FCF7181" box="[891,1009,221,244]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-58.287">58.287º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FB9FFF3C48987181" box="[1073,1190,221,244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2003-11-29">29.xi.2003</date>
|
||
, E.G. LeBrun, over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FA26FF3C4CDE7062" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FA26FF3C4CDE7062" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. invicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FE87FEE14D427062" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[297,380,256,279]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE3AFEE14E2C7062" box="[404,530,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">MENDOZA</emphasis>
|
||
: La Consulta,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FD10FEE14F207062" box="[702,798,256,279]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="555" value="-33.73">33.73º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FC81FEE14FA77062" box="[815,921,256,279]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="555" value="-69.12">69.12º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FC75FEE148557062" box="[987,1131,256,279]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2007-01-22" valueMax="2007-01-26" valueMin="2007-01-22">22–26.i.2007</date>
|
||
, 5♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FB00FEE149037062" box="[1198,1341,256,279]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2007-01-15" valueMax="2007-01-19" valueMin="2007-01-15">15–19.i.2007</date>
|
||
, 4♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FA2FFEE14CC9704C" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2007-02-05" valueMax="2007-02-09" valueMin="2007-02-05">5– 9.ii.2007</date>
|
||
, 3♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FE93FEC34DDC704C" box="[317,482,290,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2007-02-26" valueMax="2007-03-02" valueMin="2007-02-26">26.ii–2.iii.2007</date>
|
||
, S. Lanati, malaise trap (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FCA9FEC34F64704C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[775,858,290,313]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FCDCFEC34FD5704C" box="[882,1003,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FCDCFEC34F80704C" box="[882,958,290,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">SANTA</collectionCode>
|
||
FE
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Ocampo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FBC2FEC348E4704C" box="[1132,1242,290,313]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-28.506">28.506º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FB42FEC3495A704C" box="[1260,1380,290,313]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-59.262">59.262º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FF39FEA44D3B7029" box="[151,261,325,348]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2003-12-06">6.xii.2003</date>
|
||
, E.G. LeBrun, over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FE74FEA44E007029" box="[474,574,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE74FEA44E007029" box="[474,574,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. invicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FDD0FEA44EEF7029" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[638,721,325,348]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Romang,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FCE2FEA44F8B7029" box="[844,949,325,348]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-29.512">29.512º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FC6FFEA4480D7029" box="[961,1075,325,348]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-59.744">59.744º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FBC2FEA448F37029" box="[1132,1229,325,348]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="2009-02-06">6.ii.2009</date>
|
||
, E.G. LeBrun, over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FF39FE894CC4700A" box="[151,250,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF39FE894CC4700A" box="[151,250,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. invicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FE97FE894D43700A" box="[313,381,360,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">UTIC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDB1639FE21FE894DCA700A" box="[399,500,360,383]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE53FE894E91700A" box="[509,687,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FE53FE894E7A700A" box="[509,580,360,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">MATO</collectionCode>
|
||
GROSSO
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Caceres Field Station,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FC00FE894FC5700A" box="[942,1019,360,383]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="5555" value="-16.5">16.5º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FBA9FE894860700A" box="[1031,1118,360,383]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="5555" value="-57.0">57.0º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1♀,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FB39FE894937700A" box="[1175,1289,360,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="1989-04-18">18.iv.1989</date>
|
||
, D. Williams, attacking
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FF50FE6B4D4E70D4" box="[254,368,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF50FE6B4D4E70D4" box="[254,368,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FED0FE6B4DEF70D4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[382,465,394,417]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE4DFE6B4E5270D4" box="[483,620,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FE4DFE6B4E2A70D4" box="[483,532,394,417]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2pta-s8y1" name="Sammlung Oberli" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">SÃO</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FDB4FE6B4E5270D4" box="[538,620,394,417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">PAULO</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Campinas, near Santa Genebra Reserve, 2♀,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FBF8FE6B488070D4" box="[1110,1214,394,417]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-22.821">22.821º S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1753F9FFDB1639FB67FE6B490470D4" box="[1225,1338,394,417]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-47.105">47.105º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9D13FEFFDB1639FAEAFE6B49A970D4" box="[1348,1431,394,417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" value="1995-11">xi.1995</date>
|
||
, L.E. Gilbert, attacking along
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FE60FE4C4EAE70B1" box="[462,656,429,452]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE60FE4C4EAE70B1" box="[462,656,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">Solenopsis invicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
foraging trail (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32ADFBFFDB1639FC9EFE4C4FBD70B1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[816,899,429,452]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33966B5FFDB1639FF69FE314EF97564" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDB1639FF69FE314863733A" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF69FE314D0B7092" bold="true" box="[199,309,464,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FE92FE314D8B7092" box="[316,437,464,487]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE92FE314D8B7092" box="[316,437,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FD12FE314F1E7092" box="[700,800,464,487]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FD12FE314F1E7092" box="[700,800,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. invicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but has not been encountered with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FB34FE31493A7092" box="[1178,1284,464,487]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FB34FE31493A7092" box="[1178,1284,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. richteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the type-host of
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF1BFE134D92737C" box="[181,428,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FF1BFE134D18737C" box="[181,294,498,521]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">P. obtusus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FE9FFE134D92737C" box="[305,428,498,521]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">P. obtusitus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may occur at both disturbed ant nests and along foraging trails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FBC5FE13492E737C" author="Orr" box="[1131,1296,498,521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Orr, M. R., Seike, S. H. & Gilbert, L. E. (1997) Foraging ecology and patterns of diversification in dipteran parasitoids of fire ants in south Brazil. Ecological Entomology, 22, 305 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2311.1997.00072. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Orr
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FB34FE1348F7737C" box="[1178,1225,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FAB2FE1349A6737C" author="Seike" box="[1308,1432,498,521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Seike, S. H. (2002) Ecologia da interacao entre formigas invasoras e moscas parasitoides. Ph. D. thesis. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas., 139 pp." type="book" year="2002">Seike 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FF39FDF44DB87359" author="Folgarait" box="[151,390,533,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Folgarait, P. J., Patrock, R. J. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2007 b) The influence of ambient conditions and space on the phenological patterns of a Solenopsis phorid guild in an arid environment. Biological Control, 42, 262 - 273. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2007.04.020" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Folgarait
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FEAEFDF44D0F7359" box="[256,305,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FE3CFDF44E607359" author="Feener" box="[402,606,533,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Feener, D. H., Orr, M. R., Wackford, K. M., Longo, J. M., Benson, W. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2008) Geographic variation in resource dominance - discovery in Brazilian ant communities. Ecology, 89, 1824 - 1836. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1890 / 07 - 0659.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Feener
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE4AFDF44E2B7359" box="[484,533,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FD5FFDF44FA97359" author="Orr" box="[753,919,533,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Orr, M. R., Seike, S. H. & Gilbert, L. E. (1997) Foraging ecology and patterns of diversification in dipteran parasitoids of fire ants in south Brazil. Ecological Entomology, 22, 305 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2311.1997.00072. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Orr
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FC8EFDF44F6E7359" box="[800,848,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FC40FDF448557359" box="[1006,1131,533,556]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FC40FDF448557359" box="[1006,1131,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more abundant on foraging trails (13/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25FEB7FFDB1639FF53FDD94D0A733A" box="[253,308,568,591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" type="generic">
|
||
21
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FEB1FDD94D0A733A" box="[287,308,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FEB1FDD94D0A733A" box="[287,308,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
obtusitus/total flies) than at disturbed mounds (5/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25FEB7FFDB1639FCEAFDD94F45733A" box="[836,891,568,591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" type="generic">
|
||
46
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FCC9FDD94F45733A" box="[871,891,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FCC9FDD94F45733A" box="[871,891,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
obtusitus/total flies).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C353EFFDB1639FF69FDBB4EF97564" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FF69FDBB4DB47304" author="Borgmeier" box="[199,394,602,625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1925) Novos subsidios para o conhecimento da familia Phoridae (Dipt.). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 25, 85 - 281." type="journal article" year="1925">Borgmeier (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FDA8FDBB4E487304" box="[518,630,602,625]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FDA8FDBB4E487304" box="[518,630,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from material collected by Bruch at La Plata,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDB1639FB25FDBB48CB7304" box="[1163,1269,602,625]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FA88FDBB49AB7304" box="[1318,1429,602,625]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FA88FDBB49AB7304" box="[1318,1429,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">S. richteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Borgmeier’s measurements make clear that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FDD5FD9C4ED473E1" box="[635,746,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FDD5FD9C4ED473E1" box="[635,746,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large species and we found that the oviscape width of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FA26FD9C4CD773C2" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FA26FD9C4CD773C2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was consistently
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB98DBFFDB1639FE0BFD414E6973C2" box="[421,599,672,695]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="0.28" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.25">0.25 to 0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
, while the smaller bodied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FCC1FD414FD473C2" box="[879,1002,672,695]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FCC1FD414FD473C2" box="[879,1002,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a small oviscape, not overlapping in size with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FF51FD234D5273AC" box="[255,364,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FF51FD234D5273AC" box="[255,364,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In earlier laboratory trials of cross mating between large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FC4CFD23487073AC" box="[994,1102,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FC4CFD23487073AC" box="[994,1102,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the smaller
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FAADFD2349BB73AC" box="[1283,1413,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FAADFD2349BF73AC" box="[1283,1409,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">P. obtusitus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
it appeared that mating failed since females did not go on to oviposit in host workers (P.J.F. unpublished). None of the cultures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FEA1FCE94D44726A" box="[271,378,776,799]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FEA1FCE94D44726A" box="[271,378,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reared in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33475AEFFDB1639FDA3FCE94EA5726A" box="[525,667,776,799]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
have resulted in emergence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FC46FCE9485C726A" box="[1000,1122,776,799]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FC46FCE9485C726A" box="[1000,1122,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(S.D. Porter pers. comment). Strong evidence of specific differences comes from the DNA molecular analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FBBDFCCB49397234" box="[1043,1287,810,833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Kronforst, M., Folgarait, P. J., Patrock, R. J. W. & Gilbert, L. E. (2007) Genetic differentiation between body size biotypes of the parasitoid fly Pseudacteon obtusus (Diptera: Phoridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 1178 - 1184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.09.003" type="journal article">
|
||
Kronforst
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FB2FFCCB488E7234" box="[1153,1200,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which shows a clear separation of their “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FE5BFCAC4E787211" box="[501,582,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE5BFCAC4E787211" box="[501,582,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FDCCFCAC4EE57211" box="[610,731,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FDCCFCAC4EE57211" box="[610,731,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from the larger haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FB8BFCAC48B17211" box="[1061,1167,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FB8BFCAC48B17211" box="[1061,1167,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The variable shapes and pubescence of the flagellomere 1 and lengths of aristae of the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FCEFFC914FAC72F2" box="[833,914,880,903]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FCEFFC914FAC72F2" box="[833,914,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” group need further taxonomic investigation, as do the two pattern forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FE78FC734E7B72DC" box="[470,581,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE78FC734E7B72DC" box="[470,581,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FD76FC73483A72DC" author="Porter" box="[728,1028,914,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Porter, S. D. & Calcaterra, L. A. (2013) Dispersal and competitive impacts of a third fire ant decapitating fly (Pseudacteon obtusus) established in North Central Florida. Biological Control, 64, 66 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2012.09.018" type="journal article" year="2013">Porter & Calcaterra (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is important to emphasize that in advance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234EBDFFDB1639FEBAFC544DAE72B9" box="[276,400,949,972]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pseudacteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FEBAFC544DAE72B9" box="[276,400,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">P. obtusitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being designated a formal Latin binomial name this species has long been treated as a separate species in biocontrol specificity tests and introductions based on size and molecular distinctiveness (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FB4BFC394CF17564" author="Porter" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Porter, S. D. & Gilbert, L. E. (2004) Assessing host specificity and field release potential of fire ant decapitating flies (Phoridae: Pseudacteon). In: Van Driesche, R. G. & Reardon, R. (Eds.), Assessing host ranges for parasitoids and predators used for classical biological control: a guide to best practice. FHTET- 2004 - 03, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, pp. 152 - 176." type="book chapter" year="2004">Porter & Gilbert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FF77FC1B4D9E7564" author="Plowes" box="[217,416,1018,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Plowes, R. M., LeBrun, E. G. & Gilbert, L. E. (2011) Introduction of the fire ant decapitating fly Pseudacteon obtusus in the United States: factors influencing establishment in Texas. BioControl, 56, 295 - 304. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 010 - 9335 - 5" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Plowes
|
||
<emphasis id="B957E92CFFDB1639FE83FC1B4D5D7564" box="[301,355,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB248CFFFDB1639FE05FC1B4E827564" author="Porter" box="[427,700,1018,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" refString="Porter, S. D. & Calcaterra, L. A. (2013) Dispersal and competitive impacts of a third fire ant decapitating fly (Pseudacteon obtusus) established in North Central Florida. Biological Control, 64, 66 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2012.09.018" type="journal article" year="2013">Porter & Calcaterra 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |