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<mods:title id="E29F060DCB79D6D6B82E9713638F9665">Johnwellsia, a new intertidal genus of Parastenheliidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Taiwan Strait, China, including a review of the family and key to genera</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FF51D38FE5EAFF69" authority="Huys &amp; Mu, 2021" box="[151,426,151,178]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF51D38FE5EAFF69" bold="true" box="[151,426,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Microthalestris polaris</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FE77D38FE64FFF6A" box="[433,527,151,177]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FF51D3EDE709FED6" authority="(Fischer, 1860) sensu Chislenko (1967" authorityName="sensu Chislenko" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,841,245,269]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Parastenheliidae" genus="Parastenhelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF51D3EDE539FED6" box="[151,377,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Parastenhelia spinosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FE40D3EDE652FED6" author="Fischer, S." box="[390,530,245,269]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="645 - 680" refId="ref71639" refString="Fischer, S. (1860) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Entomostraceen. Abhandlungen der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 8 (Abt. 3), 645 - 680, tabs. 1 - 3 (XX - XXII)." type="journal article" year="1860">Fischer, 1860</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FDE6D3EEE618FED6" box="[544,600,246,269]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FD98D3EDE749FED6" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[606,777,245,269]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko (1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FCD5D3EDE709FED6" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[787,841,245,269]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="237 - 276" refId="ref70201" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel'fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa i fauna sopredel'nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237 - 276. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FC9DD3EDE7ACFED6" author="Mielke, W." box="[859,1004,245,269]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke (1974)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FF51D223E6F8FB6E" blockId="41.[151,1437,315,1638]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
Both
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FF1FD224E5D0FE8E" baseAuthorityName="Scott &amp; Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[217,400,315,341]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficuloides">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF1FD224E5D0FE8E" box="[217,400,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. forficuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FE08D224E66DFE8E" authority="Huys &amp; Mu, 2021" box="[462,557,316,341]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FE08D224E66DFE8E" box="[462,557,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. sarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FDFED223E6D6FE8E" bold="true" box="[568,662,315,341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FDFED223E6D6FE8E" box="[568,662,315,341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
display the maximum number of eight setae/spines on the female P5 exopod. This number has also been observed in females assigned to
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FC1CD278E022FEA2" authorityName="sensu Monard" authorityYear="1928" box="[986,1122,351,377]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Parastenheliidae" genus="Parastenhelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FC1CD278E022FEA2" box="[986,1122,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. forficula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FB57D247E106FEA1" author="Wilson, C. B." box="[1169,1350,351,378]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 635" refId="ref82903" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1932 b) The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the United States national Museum, 158, 1 - 635, pls. 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.158. i" type="journal article" year="1932">Wilson (1932b)</bibRefCitation>
, and to
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FF51D29BE5D6FE46" authorityName="sensu Chislenko" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,406,387,413]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Parastenheliidae" genus="Parastenhelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF51D29BE5D6FE46" box="[151,406,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Parastenhelia spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FE0ED29BE6CAFE46" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[456,650,387,413]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko (1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FD5FD29BE695FE46" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[665,725,387,413]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="237 - 276" refId="ref70201" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel'fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa i fauna sopredel'nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237 - 276. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FD2BD29BE7D2FE46" author="Mielke, W." box="[749,914,387,413]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FC14D29CE16BFE46" author="Kornev, P. N. &amp; Chertoprud, E. S." box="[978,1323,387,414]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" refId="ref74805" refString="Kornev, P. N. &amp; Chertoprud, E. S. (2008) Veslonogie rakoobraznye otryada Harpacticoida Belogo Morya: morfologiya, sistematika, ecologiya. [Copepod Crustaceans of the Order Harpacticoida of the White Sea: Morphology, Systematics, Ecology]. Tovarischchestvo Nauchnikh Izdanii KMK, Moscow, 379 pp." type="book" year="2008">Kornev &amp; Chertoprud (2008)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FAFCD29BE4B0FE19" author="Wilson, C. B." pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 635" refId="ref82903" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1932 b) The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the United States national Museum, 158, 1 - 635, pls. 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.158. i" type="journal article" year="1932">Wilsons (1932b)</bibRefCitation>
description is concise, illustrating only P1, P5 of both sexes and male P3 endopod. Differences in body size (distinctly smaller see above), P1 endopod (proximal segment comparatively longer so that exp-2 is only about 40% the length of enp-1 and the insertion point of the inner seta of enp-1 is located at 17% of the inner margin length), male P3 endopod (with inner seta on enp-3), and the male P5 (with long outer seta on exp-1) rules out conspecificity of the Woods Hole material with
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FD29D120E70DFD8A" authority="Huys &amp; Mu, 2021" box="[751,845,568,593]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FD29D120E70DFD8A" box="[751,845,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. sarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FC9ED12FE7F4FD8A" bold="true" box="[856,948,567,593]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FC9ED12FE7F4FD8A" box="[856,948,567,593]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Since information about the segmentation of the female antennule, swimming leg armature and morphology of caudal ramus seta V is completely lacking,
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FF51D167E519FD41" author="Wilson, C. B." box="[151,345,639,666]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 635" refId="ref82903" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1932 b) The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the United States national Museum, 158, 1 - 635, pls. 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.158. i" type="journal article" year="1932">Wilsons (1932b)</bibRefCitation>
material cannot be attributed distinct specific status at present and is therefore not considered any further. Conversely, the three illustrated reports based on material from Arctic localities (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FB51D1BBE10FFD66" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[1175,1359,675,701]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FA9AD1BBE1D7FD66" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[1372,1431,675,701]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="237 - 276" refId="ref70201" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel'fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa i fauna sopredel'nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237 - 276. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FF51D1DFE568FD3A" author="Mielke, W." box="[151,296,711,737]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke 1974</bibRefCitation>
) contain sufficient information for a morphological comparison with
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FB86D1D0E0DDFD3A" authority="Huys &amp; Mu, 2021" box="[1088,1181,712,737]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FB86D1D0E0DDFD3A" box="[1088,1181,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. sarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FB60D1DFE141FD3A" bold="true" box="[1190,1281,711,737]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FB60D1DFE141FD3A" box="[1190,1281,711,737]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Based on the descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FE96D1F3E656FCDD" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[336,534,747,774]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko (1967)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FD92D1F3E6BAFCDE" author="Mielke, W." box="[596,762,747,773]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, the Arctic specimens differ from the latter species in the following combination of characters: (a) antennary exopod with two lateral setae on exp-2 (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FB58D008E0F5FCF2" box="[1182,1205,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
one); (b) P1 exopod 75% length of endopod (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FE75D02CE58AFC96" box="[435,458,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
two-thirds); (c) P3P4 exp-3 with three inner setae (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FBEED02CE07FFC96" box="[1064,1087,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
two); and (d) male P5 exopod with very long outer seta on exp-1 (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FD85D040E61AFCAA" box="[579,602,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
absent or extremely reduced). They also can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FAB8D040E565FC4E" baseAuthorityName="Scott &amp; Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficuloides">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FAB8D040E565FC4E" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. forficuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a number of features: (a) antennary exopod with two lateral setae on exp-1 (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FB59D064E0F6FC4E" box="[1183,1206,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
one); (b) P1 exopod 75% length of endopod (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FE74D0B8E589FC62" box="[434,457,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
two-thirds); (c) P1 exp-2 2.5 times length of exp-1 and 55% length of enp-1 (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FA86D0B8E117FC62" box="[1344,1367,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
twice and 45%, respectively); (d) P3 exp-1 with inner seta (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FD2FD0DCE740FC06" box="[745,768,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
absent); (e) P4 exp-3 with three inner setae (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FB35D0DCE14AFC06" box="[1267,1290,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
two); and (f) male P5 exopod 3-segmented (
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FE32D0F0E64BFBDA" box="[500,523,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">vs</emphasis>
1-segmented).
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FD7CD0FFE7D0FBDA" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[698,912,999,1025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="237 - 276" refId="ref70201" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel'fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa i fauna sopredel'nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237 - 276. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">Chislenkos (1977)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations of the female genital field and P5 (with eight elements on the exopod although its length:width ratio is slightly greater than in the White Sea females) appears to confirm the conspecificity of his Franz Josef Land material with the specimens he had previously reported from the White Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FE41D74BE600FBB5" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[391,576,1107,1134]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the morphological comparison above we are convinced that the Arctic material is sufficiently distinct from both
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FD7CD760E72EFB4A" baseAuthorityName="Scott &amp; Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[698,878,1143,1169]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficuloides">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FD7CD760E72EFB4A" box="[698,878,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. forficuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FC63D760E041FB4A" authority="Huys &amp; Mu, 2021" box="[933,1025,1144,1169]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FC63D760E041FB4A" box="[933,1025,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. sarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FBCFD76FE023FB4A" bold="true" box="[1033,1123,1143,1169]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FBCFD76FE023FB4A" box="[1033,1123,1143,1169]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
to warrant the erection of a new species, which we name
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FE24D784E617FB6E" authority="Huys &amp; Mu, 2021" box="[482,599,1179,1205]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FE24D784E617FB6E" box="[482,599,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FD98D783E6F8FB6E" bold="true" box="[606,696,1179,1205]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FD98D783E6F8FB6E" box="[606,696,1179,1205]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FF01D7A7E75CFB02" blockId="41.[151,1437,315,1638]" box="[199,796,1215,1241]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF01D7A7E580FB02" bold="true" box="[199,448,1215,1241]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Original description.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FE01D7A7E62CFB02" author="Mielke, W." box="[455,620,1215,1241]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke (1974)</bibRefCitation>
: 2022, Abb. 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55AB6577FFEAFFB7FF01D7FBE105FB26" box="[199,1349,1251,1278]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="description">
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FF01D7FBE105FB26" blockId="41.[151,1437,315,1638]" box="[199,1349,1251,1278]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF01D7FBE5A6FB26" bold="true" box="[199,486,1251,1277]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Additional descriptions.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FE2AD7FBE759FB26" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[492,793,1251,1277]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko (1967: 140144</bibRefCitation>
, Figs 4546);
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FC7CD7FBE0F0FB26" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[954,1200,1251,1277]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="237 - 276" refId="ref70201" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel'fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa i fauna sopredel'nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237 - 276. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">Chislenko (1977: 246</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="858A2A79FFEAFFB7FB7DD7FBE15AFB26" box="[1211,1306,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,188,1787]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sexual dimorphism of P2 (AE) and P4 (FG) endopodal segmentation and armature within the Parastenheliidae. A, Foweya tertia (Kunz, 1975); B, Microthalestris costata (Pallares, 1982) comb. nov., M. variabilis sp. nov., Parastenhelia similis Thompson &amp; Scott, 1903, P. willemvervoorti sp. nov., Porirualia pyriformis (Song, Kim &amp; Chang, 2003) comb. nov.; C, Johnwellsia bipartita sp. nov.; D, Parastenhelia hornelli Thompson &amp; Scott, 1903 sensu Apostolov (1973); E, Parastenhelia oligochaeta Wells &amp; Rao, 1987; F, Microthalestris bulbosa (Gee, 2006) comb. nov., Parastenhelia willemvervoorti sp. nov.; G, Microthalestris minuta (Pallares, 1982) comb. nov., Penicillicaris penicillata sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572433/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="858A2A79FFEAFFB7FAE1D7FBE178FB26" box="[1319,1336,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[198,1383,192,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[189,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Johnwellsia bipartita gen. et sp. nov. (♀):A, urosome (excluding P5-bearing somite), ventral; B, antennule, ventral (armature omitted); C, antennule, ventral (disarticulated, showing armature); D, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572423/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55AB6577FFEAFFB7FF01D61FE078FA55" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FF01D61FE032FAB2" blockId="41.[151,1437,315,1638]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF01D61FE533FAFA" bold="true" box="[199,371,1287,1313]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Type material.</emphasis>
The female specimen illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FD38D61FE7D8FAFA" author="Mielke, W." box="[766,920,1287,1313]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke (1974</bibRefCitation>
:Abb. 9AB) is here designated as the
<typeStatus id="C20A885EFFEAFFB7FAFCD61FE1DCFAFA" box="[1338,1436,1287,1313]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FF70D634E56AFA9E" box="[182,298,1323,1349]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF70D634E56AFA9E" box="[182,298,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">M. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FEF7D633E5CBFA9E" bold="true" box="[305,395,1323,1349]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFEAFFB7FEF7D633E5CBFA9E" box="[305,395,1323,1349]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="7BA0AE39FFEAFFB7FE5FD633E59CFA9E" box="[409,476,1323,1349]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">ICZN</collectionCode>
Arts 16.4 and 72.5.6). The species can be differentiated by the characters listed in the diagnosis below and those mentioned and illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFEAFFB7FCC3D657E7E6FAB2" author="Mielke, W." box="[773,934,1359,1385]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke (1974)</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectionCode id="7BA0AE39FFEAFFB7FC73D657E7B8FAB2" box="[949,1016,1359,1385]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">ICZN</collectionCode>
Art. 13.1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FF01D66BE078FA55" blockId="41.[151,1437,315,1638]" box="[199,1080,1395,1422]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<materialsCitation id="ADD93CA1FFEAFFB7FF01D66BE073FA55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387337312" box="[199,1075,1395,1422]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" location="Spitsbergen" municipality="Longyearbyen" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF01D66BE526FA56" bold="true" box="[199,358,1395,1421]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<typeStatus id="C20A885EFFEAFFB7FF01D66BE542FA56" box="[199,258,1395,1421]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFEAFFB7FEAAD66BE590FA56" box="[364,464,1395,1421]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
archipelago,
<location id="186E6027FFEAFFB7FDA1D66BE6AEFA56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:951887EAFFEAFFB4FF51D38FE5E5FB82:186E6027FFEAFFB7FDA1D66BE6AEFA56" box="[615,750,1395,1421]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" municipality="Longyearbyen" name="Spitsbergen" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Spitsbergen</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="FD6AAC86FFEAFFB7FD3FD66BE7DEFA56" box="[761,926,1395,1421]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Longyearbyen</collectingMunicipality>
; littoral zone
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55AB6577FFEAFFB4FF01D68FE668FF0E" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FF01D68FE704F9BE" blockId="41.[151,1437,315,1638]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FF01D68FE58BFA6A" bold="true" box="[199,459,1431,1457]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFEAFFB7FE1BD68FE6C9FA6A" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1905" box="[477,649,1431,1457]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFEAFFB7FE1BD68FE6C9FA6A" box="[477,649,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">Microthalestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Body length 550800 μm in
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFEAFFB7FC32D680E049FA69" box="[1012,1033,1432,1458]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="female"></specimenCount>
, 400420 μm in
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFEAFFB7FB1CD680E0B2FA69" box="[1242,1266,1432,1458]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="male"></specimenCount>
. Antenna with 2-segmented exopod bearing two setae on exp-1 and two lateral and three apical elements on exp-2; armature of endopod unconfirmed but likely without penicillate spines. P1 exopod about 75% length of endopod; exp-2 elongate, about 2.5 times as long as exp-1, and about 55% length of enp-1; insertion point of inner seta of enp-1 at 25% of inner margin length; exp-3 with two unipinnate spines and two geniculate setae; enp-2 with one minute seta and two non-geniculate claws. Armature pattern of
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFEAFFB7FD11D554E6ACF9BD" box="[727,748,1612,1638]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="female"></specimenCount>
P2P4:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB7FD8BD580E00CF8F6" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<table id="6FB1C45CFFEA0061FEA6D580E019F8F6" box="[352,1113,1688,1837]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rowsContinueFrom="40.[352,1113,912,1060]">
<tr id="A38134BEFFEA0061FEA6D580E019F969" box="[352,1113,1688,1714]" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FD8BD580E6E2F969" box="[589,674,1688,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">exopod</th>
<th id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FC3FD580E019F969" box="[1017,1113,1688,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">endopod</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A38134BEFFEA0061FEA6D5D9E019F900" box="[352,1113,1729,1755]" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<th id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FEA6D5D9E53AF900" box="[352,378,1729,1755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">P2</th>
<td id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FD8BD5D9E6E2F900" box="[589,674,1729,1755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">1.1.123</td>
<td id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FC3FD5D9E019F900" box="[1017,1113,1729,1755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">1.1.121</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A38134BEFFEA0061FEA6D5F2E019F8DF" box="[352,1113,1770,1796]" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<th id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FEA6D5F2E53AF8DF" box="[352,378,1770,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">P3</th>
<td id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FD8BD5F2E6E2F8DF" box="[589,674,1770,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">1.1.323</td>
<td id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FC3FD5F2E019F8DF" box="[1017,1113,1770,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">1.1.221</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A38134BEFFEA0061FEA6D40BE019F8F6" box="[352,1113,1811,1837]" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<th id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FEA6D40BE53AF8F6" box="[352,378,1811,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">P4</th>
<td id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FD8BD40BE6E2F8F6" box="[589,674,1811,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">0.1.323</td>
<td id="E0505DC2FFEA0061FC3FD40BE019F8F6" box="[1017,1113,1811,1837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">1.1.121</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFEAFFB4FF01D444E668FF0E" blockId="41.[151,1436,1883,2018]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="41" pageNumber="277">
<materialsCitation id="ADD93CA1FFEAFFB4FF01D444E664FF0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387337353" collectionCode="V" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="12">
P3 endopod
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFEAFFB7FE9FD444E52EF8AD" box="[345,366,1884,1910]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="male"></specimenCount>
3-segmented, with apophysis on enp-3, armature pattern [1.1.02 + apo]. P
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFEAFFB7FB0BD443E0B8F8AD" box="[1229,1272,1883,1910]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
with elongate exopod (about 2.4 times as long as maximum width), inner margin and proximal half of outer margin straight, with eight elements, proximal outer one long, outer apical one short; endopodal lobe with five elements, innermost one well developed. P
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFEAFFB7FEA5D4DFE5CDF839" box="[355,397,1991,2018]" pageId="41" pageNumber="277" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
exopod 3-segmented, with seven elements, outer seta of exp-1 very long, longer than or as long as outer basal seta; endopodal lobe with two elements. Armature of P
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFE9FFB4FC24D38FE04CFF6A" box="[994,1036,151,177]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
unconfirmed. Caudal ramus seta
<collectionCode id="7BA0AE39FFE9FFB4FA4FD38FE1DDFF6A" box="[1417,1437,151,177]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
with slightly swollen proximal part
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55AB6577FFE9FFB4FF01D3C7E5E5FB82" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFE9FFB4FF01D3C7E586FEC6" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FF01D3C7E50EFF22" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from the Latin
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FCABD3C7E7FCFF22" box="[877,956,223,249]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FCABD3C7E7FCFF22" box="[877,956,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning polar, and refers to the Arctic distribution of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFE9FFB4FF01D23FE0FDFD72" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FF01D23FE551FE9A" bold="true" box="[199,273,295,321]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Notes.</emphasis>
The species appears so far to be restricted to the Arctic Ocean and its marginal waterbodies such as the White Sea. It has been recorded from Kandalaksha Bay (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FCD7D253E788FEBD" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[785,968,331,358]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko 1967</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFE9FFB4FC1DD253E07FFEBE" box="[987,1087,331,357]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FB8BD253E09EFEBE" author="Mielke, W." box="[1101,1246,331,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref75739" refString="Mielke, W. (1974) Eulitorale Harpacticoidea (Copepoda) von Spitzbergen. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 37, 1 - 52" type="journal article" year="1974">Mielke 1974</bibRefCitation>
) and Franz Josef Land (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FF27D277E5D9FE52" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[225,409,367,393]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="237 - 276" refId="ref70201" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel'fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa i fauna sopredel'nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237 - 276. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">Chislenko 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FE6BD277E726FE52" author="Kornev, P. N. &amp; Chertoprud, E. S." box="[429,870,367,393]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" refId="ref74805" refString="Kornev, P. N. &amp; Chertoprud, E. S. (2008) Veslonogie rakoobraznye otryada Harpacticoida Belogo Morya: morfologiya, sistematika, ecologiya. [Copepod Crustaceans of the Order Harpacticoida of the White Sea: Morphology, Systematics, Ecology]. Tovarischchestvo Nauchnikh Izdanii KMK, Moscow, 379 pp." type="book" year="2008">Kornev &amp; Chertoprud (2008: 196197</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="858A2A79FFE9FFB4FCB5D277E7BFFE52" box="[883,1023,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1407,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[172,1416,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Johnwellsia bipartita gen. et sp. nov. (♂): A, antennule, ventral (armature omitted); B, antennule, ventral (disarticulated, showing armature); C, P2 endopod, anterior; D, P3 endopod, anterior; E, P4 endopod, anterior; F, P5, anterior; G, P6; H, maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572431/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Fig. 5.94A</figureCitation>
, Б, B) also reported
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FB2DD277E11EFE53" authorityName="sensu Chislenko" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1259,1374,367,392]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Parastenheliidae" genus="Parastenhelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FB2DD277E11EFE53" box="[1259,1374,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">P. spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the White Sea, including an aberrant specimen, and reproduced
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FCA6D28BE075FE75" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[864,1077,403,430]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenkos (1967)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations of the P1 and P5 of both sexes. They mentioned substantial variation in female body length (550800 μm) but this is a verbatim account of
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FF73D2C3E5CBFE2D" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[181,395,475,502]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenkos (1967)</bibRefCitation>
measurements. It is also not clear whether the variability included in their armature formulae of P3P4 (number of inner setae on P3P4 exp-3 and P4 enp-3;
<tableCitation id="50330347FFE9FFB4FC98D2E7E7EEFDC2" box="[862,942,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="21.[151,170,491,518]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 1. Swimming leg armature formulae (P1P5) of parastenheliid species (b = endopodal lobe of baseoendopod; enp = endopod; e, exp = exopod; S = number of exopodal segments; = missing data). *: species inquirendae; **: indeterminable forms in need of thorough redescription. Genus abbreviations: Pa. = Parastenhelia, Par. = Paraleptomesochra, Pe. = Penicillicaris, Po. = Porirualia, Ps. = Psammoleptomesochra," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/49CE6674FFD6FF8BFF51D2F3E00FFD95" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" tableUuid="49CE6674FFD6FF8BFF51D2F3E00FFD95">Table 1</tableCitation>
) is based on their own obervations of White Sea material or reflects variability reported in the literature. Since the authors provided no direct evidence that they were dealing with
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FEA3D15FE598FDBA" box="[357,472,583,609]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FEA3D15FE598FDBA" box="[357,472,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">M. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FE19D15FE678FDBA" bold="true" box="[479,568,583,609]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFE9FFB4FE19D15FE678FDBA" box="[479,568,583,609]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, their record is at present to be considered as unconfirmed. This uncertainty is exacerbated by the fact that, despite the reported variability on other segments, the White Sea specimens appear to be consistent in the lack of the inner seta on P3 exp-1 (which is present in
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FC11D197E00CFD72" box="[983,1100,655,681]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FC11D197E00CFD72" box="[983,1100,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">M. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FB95D197E0ECFD72" bold="true" box="[1107,1196,655,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFE9FFB4FB95D197E0ECFD72" box="[1107,1196,655,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D0E36FCFFE9FFB4FF01D1ABE5E5FB82" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FF01D1ABE5D6FD15" author="Chislenko, L. L." box="[199,406,691,718]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="48 - 196" refId="ref70154" refString="Chislenko, L. L. (1967) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda Harpacticoida) Karelskogo poberezh'ya Belogo Morya. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 7 (15), 48 - 196. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Chislenko (1967)</bibRefCitation>
collected
<specimenCount id="0BB7FD75FFE9FFB4FDE6D1ABE6F4FD16" box="[544,692,691,717]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
from washings of the demosponge,
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FB56D1ABE50AFD29" baseAuthorityName="Miklucho-Maclay" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Semisuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FB56D1ABE1DCFD16" box="[1168,1436,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Semisuberites cribrosa</emphasis>
(Esperiopsidae)
</taxonomicName>
, in Franz Josef Land but this association is to be regarded as accidental (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FB67D1CFE165FD29" author="Huys, R." box="[1185,1317,727,754]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="448 - 729" refId="ref73266" refString="Huys, R. (2016) Harpacticoid copepods - their symbiotic associations and biogenic substrata: a review. In: Huys, R. (Ed.), Recent Developments in Taxonomy and Biodiversity of Symbiotic Copepoda (Crustacea) - A Volume in Celebration of the Career of Prof. Il-Hoi Kim. Zootaxa, 4174, 448 - 729. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4174.1.28" type="journal article" year="2016">Huys 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Previous records of
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FEDCD1E3E5B7FCCE" authorityName="sensu Monard" authorityYear="1928" box="[282,503,763,789]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Thalestridae" genus="Thalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FEDCD1E3E5B7FCCE" box="[282,503,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Thalestris forficula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Arctic localities may refer to
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FC6DD1E3E065FCCE" box="[939,1061,763,789]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FC6DD1E3E065FCCE" box="[939,1061,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">M. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FBF4D1E3E0D1FCCE" bold="true" box="[1074,1169,763,789]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFE9FFB4FBF4D1E3E0D1FCCE" box="[1074,1169,763,789]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
but in the absence of morphological or other compelling evidence they must remain unconfirmed. These include the records from Lille- Karajak fjord in western
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFE9FFB4FE73D05BE66AFC86" box="[437,554,835,861]" name="Greenland" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Greenland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FDFCD05BE6B5FC86" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[570,757,835,861]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref81469" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1897) Die Fauna und Flora von Gronland. In: Gronland Expedition der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin, 1891 - 1893, 2 (1), 1 - 383, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1897">Vanhöffen 1897</bibRefCitation>
), Cape Gertrude in Franz Josef Land (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FB6CD05BE16AFC86" author="Scott, T." box="[1194,1322,835,861]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="60 - 126" refId="ref79210" refString="Scott, T. (1899) Report on the marine and freshwater Crustacea from Franz Josef Land, collected by Mr. William S. Bruce, of the Jackson Harmsworth Expedition. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 27, 60 - 126, pls. 3 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1899. tb 01421. x" type="journal article" year="1899">Scott 1899</bibRefCitation>
), between Kolguev and Novaya Zemlya (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FE3BD07FE69DFC5A" author="Scott, T. &amp; Scott, A." box="[509,733,871,897]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="337 - 356" refId="ref79494" refString="Scott, T. &amp; Scott, A. (1901) On some Entomostraca collected in the Arctic Seas in 1898 by William S. Bruce, F. R. S. G. S. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 8, 337 - 356, pls. III - VI. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480109443332" type="journal article" year="1901">Scott &amp; Scott 1901</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FCE7D07FE7EAFC5A" box="[801,938,871,897]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Thalestridae" genus="Thalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulus">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FCE7D07FE7EAFC5A" box="[801,938,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">T. forficulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Bear Island (Bjørnøya) and Hope Island,
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFE9FFB4FF51D093E4BBFC7E" box="[151,251,907,933]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FECFD093E5A1FC7E" author="Scott, T. &amp; Scott, A." box="[265,481,907,933]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="337 - 356" refId="ref79494" refString="Scott, T. &amp; Scott, A. (1901) On some Entomostraca collected in the Arctic Seas in 1898 by William S. Bruce, F. R. S. G. S. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 8, 337 - 356, pls. III - VI. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480109443332" type="journal article" year="1901">Scott &amp; Scott 1901</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FDDAD093E6E2FC7E" box="[540,674,907,933]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Thalestridae" genus="Thalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulus">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FDDAD093E6E2FC7E" box="[540,674,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">T. forficulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the Arctic islands north of Grinnell Land,
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFE9FFB4FB56D093E0A4FC7E" box="[1168,1252,907,933]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FB35D093E124FC7E" author="Sars, G. O." box="[1267,1380,907,933]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref78734" refString="Sars, G. O. (1909) Crustacea. Report of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the &quot; Fram &quot; 1898 - 1902, 18, 1 - 47, pls. I - XII." type="journal article" year="1909">Sars 1909</bibRefCitation>
) and Seydisford in
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFE9FFB4FEF1D0B7E5C9FC12" box="[311,393,943,969]" name="Iceland" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Iceland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FE5FD0B7E609FC12" author="Jespersen, P." box="[409,585,943,969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref74209" refString="Jespersen, P. (1940) Non-parasitic Copepoda. In: Fridriksson, A. &amp; Tuxen, S. (Eds.), The Zoology of Iceland, 3 (33), pp. 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1940">Jespersen 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FD90D0B7E687FC12" author="Klie, W." box="[598,711,943,969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref74751" refString="Klie, W. (1941) Marine Harpacticoiden von Island. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 5, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1941">Klie 1941</bibRefCitation>
both as
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FCF9D0B7E004FC12" authorityName="sensu Monard" authorityYear="1928" box="[831,1092,943,969]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Parastenheliidae" genus="Parastenhelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FCF9D0B7E004FC12" box="[831,1092,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Parastenhelia forficula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Similarly, the Arctic records of
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FF70D0CBE5F0FC37" authorityName="sensu Chislenko" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[182,432,979,1005]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Parastenheliidae" genus="Parastenhelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FF70D0CBE5F0FC37" box="[182,432,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Parastenhelia spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="65A6766CFFE9FFB4FE32D0CBE606FC36" box="[500,582,979,1005]" name="Iceland" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">Iceland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FD93D0CCE77BFC36" author="Olafsson, E. &amp; Ingolfsson, A. &amp; Steinarsdottir, M. B." box="[597,827,979,1007]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="189 - 200" refId="ref76869" refString="Olafsson, E., Ingolfsson, A. &amp; Steinarsdottir, M. B. (2001) Harpacticoid copepod communities of floating seaweed: controlling factors and implications for dispersal. Hydrobiologia, 453, 189 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 0 - 306 - 47537 - 5 _ 17" type="journal article" year="2001">
Ólafsson
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FD07D0CBE6BAFC36" box="[705,762,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FC81D0CBE01FFC36" author="Steinarsdottir, M. B. &amp; Ingolfsson, A. &amp; Olafsson, E." box="[839,1119,979,1005]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="211 - 221" refId="ref80577" refString="Steinarsdottir, M. B., Ingolfsson, A. &amp; Olafsson, E. (2003) Seasonality of harpacticoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) in a tidal pool in subarctic south-western Iceland. In: Jones, M. B., Ingolfsson, A., Olafsson, E., Helgason, G. V., Gunnarsson, K. &amp; Svavarsson, J. (Eds.), Migrations and Dispersal of Marine Organisms. Hydrobiologia, 503, pp. 211 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 2276 - 6 _ 22" type="journal article" year="2003">
Steinarsdóttir
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FC23D0CBE05EFC36" box="[997,1054,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FBADD0CBE493FBCA" author="Steinarsdottir, M. B. &amp; Ingolfsson, A." pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="440 - 446" refId="ref80519" refString="Steinarsdottir, M. B. &amp; Ingolfsson, A. (2004) Itunella muelleri (Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae): a marine species with preferences for the upper part of the littoral fringe. Journal of crustacean Biology, 24, 440 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / C- 2468" type="journal article" year="2004">Steinarsdóttir &amp; Ingólfsson 2004</bibRefCitation>
), Kandalaksha Bay in the White Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FDBAD0EFE771FBCA" author="Brotskaya, V. A." box="[636,817,1015,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="109 - 129" refId="ref69273" refString="Brotskaya, V. A. (1962) Materialy po faune Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) Velikoi salmy i prilezheshchikh uchastkov Belogo Morya. Contributions to the fauna of Harpacticoidea (Crustacea: Copepoda) of the Velilaya Salma Strait and of adjacent region of the White Sea. In: Zenkewitch, L. A. (Ed.), Biology of the White Sea. Trudy Belomorskoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, M. G. U. (= Reports of the White Sea Biological Station of the State University of Moscow), 1, 109 - 129. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1962">Brotskaya 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FCFBD0EFE07EFBCA" author="Chertoprud, E. S. &amp; Azovsky, A. &amp; Sapozhnikov, F. V." box="[829,1086,1014,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="737 - 746" refId="ref69957" refString="Chertoprud, E. S., Azovsky, A. &amp; Sapozhnikov, F. V. (2005) Colonization of azoic sediments of different grain-size composition by littoral Harpacticoida: Copepoda. Oceanology, 45, 698 - 706. [also published in Okeanologiya, 45, 737 - 746]" type="journal article" year="2005">
Chertoprud
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FC02D0EFE7BDFBCA" box="[964,1021,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
) and from mesozooplankton in the Barents Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="79204B0DFFE9FFB4FE9FD703E6EFFBEE" author="Dvoretsky, V. G. &amp; Dvoretsky, A. G." box="[345,687,1051,1077]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" pagination="991 - 1005" refId="ref71374" refString="Dvoretsky, V. G. &amp; Dvoretsky, A. G. (2010) Checklist of fauna found in zooplankton samples from the Barents Sea. Polar Biology, 33, 991 - 1005. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 010 - 0773 - 4" type="journal article" year="2010">Dvoretsky &amp; Dvoretsky 2010</bibRefCitation>
) require authentication before they can be considered conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="DAB14D7FFFE9FFB4FF16D727E504FB82" box="[208,324,1087,1113]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Miraciidae" genus="Microthalestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FF16D727E504FB82" box="[208,324,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">M. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2FC5EAEEFFE9FFB4FE8AD727E5E5FB82" bold="true" box="[332,421,1087,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34F65795FFE9FFB4FE8AD727E5E5FB82" box="[332,421,1087,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>