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<document id="EE27ADAD6363B95E4C742722F7052655" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162357" ID-ZooBank="88714F9C-0EE5-4295-9988-3CEEF242489D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1689748270342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L. &amp; Lonhart, Steve I." docDate="2023" docId="464C87844258FFF2FF1DFF7BFE2CF976" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5318.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5318 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stelletta clarella de Laubenfels 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="BA75FFFC427EFFD4FF8AFFECFFD1FD64" masterDocTitle="The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1689748918368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1910BA8ED63EBCECEE025439E30ED5E6">The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F1E7B5CF7AB6955863E61FDE06C27AE2">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46DC5CE941007C5E97A6EB2C72986D2C">Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="606A10650A17C35931B063AB0BE0C439">Lonhart, Steve I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4956A154E532426AE9F8EED3975C9DCD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5559-792X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B8266533AAB544A5857711A4221E4845">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Santa Cruz, California, USA. steve. lonhart @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5559 - 792 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8AFE94533FBC818CE4A8059BDC05362" type="email">steve.lonhart@noaa.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="464C87844258FFF2FF1DFF7BFE2CF976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844258FFF2FF1DFF7BFE2CF976" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/464C87844258FFF2FF1DFF7BFE2CF976" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="86FF65194258FFF2FF1DFF7BFD8DFDD5" box="[151,604,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF1DFF7BFD8DFDD5" blockId="38.[151,604,151,214]" box="[151,604,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="951281FE4258FFF2FF1DFF7BFD8DFDD5" bold="true" box="[151,604,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FF1DFF7BFD8DFDD5" ID-CoL="6ZK6Q" ID-ENA="1006789" authority="de Laubenfels, 1930" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,604,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clarella">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF1DFF7BFD8DFDD5" bold="true" box="[151,604,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF1DFF7BFE8AFDD6" bold="true" box="[151,347,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Stelletta clarella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634258FFF2FEE9FF7BFD8DFDD5" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[355,604,151,177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194258FFF2FF1DFF57FED2FDB2" box="[151,259,187,214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF1DFF57FED2FDB2" blockId="38.[151,604,151,214]" box="[151,259,187,214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174258FFF2FF1DFF57FED2FDB2" box="[151,259,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1065,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-301@38.[151,1436,1065,1898]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 25. Stelletta clarella. A: Field photo. B: Cross-section showing spicule plush. C: Dichotriaene; small foreign styles and abundant asters visible in the background. D: Oxyaster. E: Spheroxyasters. All images from IZC00048471." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162433/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Figure 25</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194258FFF2FF1DFEEFFBF2FF95" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF1DFEEFFACAFC79" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" box="[151,1307,259,286]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF1DFEEFFE50FC79" bold="true" box="[151,385,259,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4258FFF2FE0DFEEFFB63FC7A" box="[391,1202,259,286]" collectionCode="IZC" elevation="17" latitude="36.55852" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.9682" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" specimenCode="IZC00048471" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94258FFF2FE0DFEEFFDF9FC79" box="[391,552,259,285]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">IZC00048471</specimenCode>
, Inner Carmel Pinnacle (
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554258FFF2FCB7FEEFFC7AFC7A" box="[829,939,259,286]" degrees="36.55852" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" precision="1" value="36.55852">36.55852</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554258FFF2FC3CFEEFFBEBFC79" box="[950,1082,259,285]" degrees="121.96820" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" precision="1" value="-121.9682">-121.96820</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="091D9B774258FFF2FBC7FEEFFB63FC7A" box="[1101,1202,259,286]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="45C8D1A14258FFF2FBC7FEEFFB63FC7A" box="[1101,1202,259,286]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">1024 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
, 9/22/21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFECBFD8BFC01" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF4DFECBFEB0FC25" bold="true" box="[199,353,295,321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Morphology.</emphasis>
Globular,
<quantity id="091D9B774258FFF2FE51FECBFDF0FC26" box="[475,545,295,322]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
across, with
<quantity id="091D9B774258FFF2FD33FECBFD2DFC26" box="[697,764,295,322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
of spicule plush covering the outside and trapping copious debris. White alive and when preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFE83FE2DFCED" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" box="[199,508,367,394]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF4DFE83FEE4FCED" bold="true" box="[199,309,367,393]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Not investigated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFE7FFEB5FCB5" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF4DFE7FFEE1FCC9" bold="true" box="[199,304,403,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Spicules.</emphasis>
Oxeas, dichotriaenes, plagiotriaenes, oxyasters and spheroxyasters; abundant styles also present but presumed foreign.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFE37FD21FC91" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" box="[199,752,475,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Oxeas: 388149136118 x 153563 μm (n=11).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFE13FF3AFF59" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Dichotriaenes: Shaft lengths 244442145549 x 547191 μm (n=11); chord lengths 150257335 μm (n=14).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFDABFA41FF05" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" box="[199,1424,583,610]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Plagiotriaenes: Shaft lengths 233431393944 x 235776 μm (n=2); chord lengths 106194253 μm (n=6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFD87FDFFFFE1" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" box="[199,558,619,646]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Oxyasters: 101213 μm (n=9).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFD63FBC5FFCD" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" box="[199,1044,655,682]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Spheroxyasters: Small and irregular, with minute spines. 457 μm (n=22).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFD5FFBF2FF95" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Styles: Abundant but presumed to be foreign because they are not known from this species, and have not been seen in other samples examined by the authors. 162187216 x 456 μm (n=7).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194258FFF2FF4DFD17FC19FE39" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFD17FC19FE39" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF4DFD17FE28FE71" bold="true" box="[199,505,763,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Common in Northern and Central
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704258FFF2FC1DFD17FBDAFE71" box="[919,1035,763,789]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">California</collectingRegion>
, from the intertidal to deep water. Occurs as far north as southern
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704258FFF2FD85FCF3FDB1FE5D" box="[527,608,799,825]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alaska</collectingRegion>
. Additional work is needed to determine if
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FBEEFCF3FB0BFE5D" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[1124,1242,799,825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clarella">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FBEEFCF3FB0BFE5D" box="[1124,1242,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">S. clarella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also found in Southern
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704258FFF2FE89FCAFFEA4FE39" box="[259,373,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">California</collectingRegion>
(see Remarks). Not known from artificial substrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194258FFF2FF4DFC8BFE2CF976" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924258FFF2FF4DFC8BFE2CF976" blockId="38.[151,1437,259,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FF4DFC8BFEEAFEE5" bold="true" box="[199,315,871,897]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FEC8FC8BFE2AFEE5" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[322,507,871,897]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clarella">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FEC8FC8BFE2AFEE5" box="[322,507,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Stelletta clarella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Pescadero Point, near the Carmel Pinnacles where this sample was collected, and is the only
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FE61FC67FD96FEC1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[491,583,907,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FE61FC67FD96FEC1" box="[491,583,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from Central
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704258FFF2FCB0FC67FC7EFEC1" box="[826,943,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">California</collectingRegion>
. A second species,
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FB0DFC67FF03FEAD" authority="de Laubenfels 1930" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="estrella">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FB0DFC67FB27FEC1" box="[1159,1270,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">S. estrella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634258FFF2FB74FC67FF03FEAD" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." pageId="38" pageNumber="189" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was described from Southern
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704258FFF2FDA7FC43FD70FEAD" box="[557,673,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">California</collectingRegion>
, but this species was proposed to be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FAA0FC43FA4DFEAD" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[1322,1436,943,969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clarella">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FAA0FC43FA4DFEAD" box="[1322,1436,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">S. clarella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634258FFF2FF30FC3FFE00FE89" author="Bakus, G. J. &amp; Green, K. D." box="[186,465,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" pagination="57 - 88" refId="ref23312" refString="Bakus, G. J. &amp; Green, K. D. (1987) The distribution of marine sponges collected from the 1976 - 1978 Bureau of Land Management Southern California Bight program. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 86, 57 - 88." type="journal article" year="1987">Bakus and Green (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. Here we follow
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634258FFF2FD18FC38FCDFFE89" author="Lee, W. &amp; Elvin, D. &amp; Reiswig, H." box="[658,782,979,1006]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refId="ref25268" refString="Lee, W., Elvin, D. &amp; Reiswig, H. (2007) The sponges of California: A guide and key to the marine sponges of California. Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey, California, 395 pp." type="book" year="2007">Lee (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and propose that
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114258FFF2FC5CFC3FFB94FE89" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[982,1093,979,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="estrella">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804258FFF2FC5CFC3FFB94FE89" box="[982,1093,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">S. estrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a junior synonym, but more work is needed to be sure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>