treatments-xml/data/0B/4F/87/0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.xml

<document id="6C4715BD74CF5462F2ACF2F6EB18A966" ID-CLB-Dataset="247258" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50dc4e2e-df2e-467e-8195-dc8564717595" ID-ISSN="1776-100X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7829510" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1681178672174" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves &amp; Oliveira, Paulo" docDate="2022" docId="0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieMycologie.43.6.139-157.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653.3:CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653" docStyleName="CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amanita pseudovalens var. tartessiana R. Arraiano-Castilho, A. C. Silva, C. Vila-Vicosa, M. R. Castro, L. Morgado &amp; P. Oliveira 2022, var. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="146" masterDocId="F776FF9D0C2DE241FFDEDE7420076262" masterDocTitle="The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1699513757593" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="4C5A72FF86E11211DEC2CBC3048A87D4">The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D961445730F67966B90395AB8DFC0469">Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B84E2FC05E3A8E39CC2911E7BDDF7CA">Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore building, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland) ricardo. m. castilho @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D2466AB907B7B5D4C24DE04C7AEEFC1E">Silva, Ana Cristina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="255040F49ED11A7CB32158297EA16F0F">Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., 2780 - 159 Oeiras (Portugal) anacristina. silva @ iniav. pt</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F9D7E5AEE7D05A606C870AFFE9689CBD">Vila-Viçosa, Carlos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="13C688D744A5974C0985511301C1FE0B">Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) - PO Herbarium, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099 - 002 Porto (Portugal) and Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO) - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (InBIO), University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485 - 661 Vairão (Portugal) and BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485 - 661 Vairão (Portugal) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s / n, 4169 - 007 Porto (Portugal) cmvvicosa @ mhnc. up. pt</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="670CC896CD52A540F5DB983A9F427655">Castro, Mário Rui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F43D93D3D05C82C915103934ACC70371">Morgado, Luís Neves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6EA3707AC783ECA02B55DC418B5F6E6">Metyis Management Consulting Alpha Tower, 7 &amp; 8 floor De Entree 69, 1101 BH Amsterdam (The Netherlands) xakazulo @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7012364AE13993D539A4C6389102C7A">Oliveira, Paulo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D81A06783780B4FB4B48271F45BF496B">Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Mitra College, Apartado 94, 7006 - 554 Évora (Portugal) and Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO) - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (InBIO), University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485 - 661 Vairão (Portugal) and BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485 - 661 Vairão (Portugal) oliveira @ uevora. pt (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C2AE246FC7EDD21250E61CD" ID-CoL="BBL6X" authority="R.Arraiano-Castilho, A.C.Silva, C.Vila-Vicosa, M.R.Castro, L.Morgado &amp; P.Oliveira" authorityName="R. Arraiano-Castilho, A. C. Silva, C. Vila-Vicosa, M. R. Castro, L. Morgado &amp; P. Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="pseudovalens" status="var. nov." variety="tartessiana">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FC7EDD212495610D" bold="true" box="[928,1170,852,879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Amanita pseudovalens</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FB19DD21253C610D" bold="true" box="[1223,1339,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">tartessiana</emphasis>
R.Arraiano-Castilho, A.C.Silva, C.Vila-Viçosa, M.R.Castro, L.Morgado &amp; P.Oliveira
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, 
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<typeStatus id="5C5D88510C2AE246FCF3DDBA239F6186" box="[813,920,974,997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. — 
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<collectingCountry id="FBF176630C2AE246FC14DDBA24186184" box="[970,1055,974,998]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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. 
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, 
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, 
<collectingMunicipality id="633DAC890C2AE246FACADDBA25776184" box="[1300,1392,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Odemira</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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<collectionCode id="E5F7AE360C2AE246FC83DD9C23686662" box="[861,879,1000,1024]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
, 
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, 
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. 
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. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBB4DD9C24AC6662" box="[1130,1195,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode12</emphasis>
(holo-, 
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[PO-F2143]).
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ISOTYPE. — 
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<collectingCountry id="FBF176630C2AE246FC7CDA6C23F06652" box="[930,1015,1048,1072]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Portugal</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Alentejo, 
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, Odemira, Luzianes 
<collectionCode id="E5F7AE360C2AE246FA47DA6C25AC6652" box="[1433,1451,1048,1072]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
, 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FCF5DA4623986628" box="[811,927,1074,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-03-21">
21. 
<collectionCode id="E5F7AE360C2AE246FC96DA4623636628" box="[840,868,1074,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">III</collectionCode>
.2015
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="E5F7AE360C2AE246FC74DA4623BA6628" box="[938,957,1074,1098]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="E5F7AE360C2AE246FC18DA4623DD6628" box="[966,986,1074,1098]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBFFDA4624666628" box="[1057,1121,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode02</emphasis>
(iso-, 
<collectionCode id="E5F7AE360C2AE246FB7EDA4624C46628" box="[1184,1219,1074,1098]" country="Russia" name="Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">PO</collectionCode>
[PO-F2133]).
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ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — 
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<collectingCountry id="FBF176630C2AE246FB63DA1625146618" box="[1213,1299,1122,1146]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Portugal</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Alentejo, 
<collectingRegion id="4122F8110C2AE246FA5ADA16237066F6" country="Portugal" name="Beja" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Beja district</collectingRegion>
, Odemira, Luzianes A, 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FBB6DA0824E766F6" box="[1128,1248,1148,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-03-21">21.III.2015</date>
, A. C. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FAB7DA0825AF66F6" box="[1385,1448,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode01</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FCF3DAE3236966CD" box="[813,878,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode03</emphasis>
; 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FCA5DAE323F766CD" box="[891,1008,1175,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-03-28">28.III.2015</date>
, A. C. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBAADAE324B466CD" box="[1140,1203,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode04</emphasis>
; 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FB1FDAE3253466CD" box="[1217,1331,1175,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-04-04">04.IV.2015</date>
, A. C. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FCF0DAC5236B66AB" box="[814,876,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode08</emphasis>
; Luzianes B, 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FC34DAC5245C66AB" box="[1002,1115,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-04-04">04.IV.2015</date>
, A. C. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FB0FDAC5251566AB" box="[1233,1298,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode05</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FAC0DAC5255966AB" box="[1310,1374,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode06</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FAB7DAC525AF66AB" box="[1385,1448,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode07</emphasis>
; 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FCF3DAB8239D6686" box="[813,922,1228,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-04-12">12.IV.2015</date>
, A. C. Silva, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBD2DAB8244D6686" box="[1036,1098,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode10</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FB88DAB824936686" box="[1110,1172,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode11</emphasis>
; 
<collectingRegion id="4122F8110C2AE246FB41DAB825436686" box="[1183,1348,1228,1252]" country="Portugal" name="Portalegre" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Portalegre district</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4122F8110C2AE246FA92DAB825AB6686" box="[1356,1452,1228,1252]" country="Portugal" name="Portalegre" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Portalegre</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FCF5DA92239A669C" box="[811,925,1254,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2015-04-27">27.IV.2015</date>
, N. Alegria, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBC7DA92245E669C" box="[1049,1113,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Ode16</emphasis>
; 
<collectingRegion id="4122F8110C2AE246FBB8DA9C24ED669C" box="[1126,1258,1254,1282]" country="Portugal" name="Evora" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Évora district</collectingRegion>
, Portel, 
<date id="F75810330C2AE246FAE7DA9225AC669C" box="[1337,1451,1254,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2010-04-07">07.IV.2010</date>
, R. Arraiano-Castilho, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBD8DB75242A677B" box="[1030,1069,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">P01</emphasis>
(for basidiospores only).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBFC65780C2AE246FCF3DB4524B167CF" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3DB4524A5671F" blockId="7.[811,1455,1328,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to the ancient Tartessian civilization (ТαΡΤησσός) located in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula (Celestino Pérez &amp; López-Ruiz 2016).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3DBE124B167CF" blockId="7.[813,1206,1429,1453]" box="[813,1206,1429,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">PHENOLOGY. — Late winter and spring.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBFC65780C2AE246FCF3DBB1250C6473" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3DBB1250C6473" blockId="7.[811,1455,1476,1554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
HABITAT. — Mediterranean, in association with 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C2AE246FB2FDBB1255F67BE" box="[1265,1368,1477,1500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FB2FDBB1252F67BE" box="[1265,1320,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Cistus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, typically on compact, acidic and eroded soils, corresponding to regressive shrubland stages of evergreen oak forests (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C2AE246FB1BDB8D24FA6473" box="[1221,1277,1529,1553]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,753,771]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,707]" captionTargetId="figure-460@14.[699,983,461,708]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 5. — Ground view of the Luzianes locations, showing the Cistus ladanifer L. dominance: A, Luzianes A; B, Luzianes B. Both photos were taken in spring 2015 by Ana C. Silva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829524/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBFC65780C2AE246FCF3D85D244D64E9" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3D85D25A86439" blockId="7.[811,1455,1577,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
DISTRIBUTION. — 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FC03D85D24376423" bold="true" box="[989,1072,1577,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<collectingCountry id="FBF176630C2AE246FC03D85D24376423" box="[989,1072,1577,1601]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Portugal</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Reported from the NUTS III regions of Alentejo Litoral, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo Central and Alto Alentejo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3D800244D64E9" blockId="7.[813,1098,1651,1675]" box="[813,1098,1651,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">MYCOBANK. — MB 845582.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBFC65780C2AE248FCF3D8D724AE664D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3D8D7248764D8" blockId="7.[813,1152,1698,1722]" box="[813,1152,1698,1722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF 559871.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3D886237F6568" blockId="7.[813,888,1778,1804]" box="[813,888,1778,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="D811819F0C2AE246FCF3D886237F6568" box="[813,888,1778,1804]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" reason="5">NOTES</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C2AE246FCF3D966259C658E" blockId="7.[811,1457,1810,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
This taxon corresponds to the Portuguese specimens described in this study. It differs from the autonym by its habitat (on acidic schist soils, with 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C2AE246FBF5D9262498650E" box="[1067,1183,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C2AE246FBF5D926246E650E" box="[1067,1129,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Cistus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
), the ellipsoid to oblong, infrequently subcylindric basidiospores, and longer basidia (
<tableCitation id="CE6403480C2AE246FCE8D9E5238F65C9" box="[822,904,1937,1963]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,754,772]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 6. — Comparisons of the described Odemira collections (Amanita pseudovalens var.tartessiana var.nov.) with the descriptions made by Neville &amp; Poumarat (2004) of other taxa of series Amidella (E.-J.Gilbert) Neville &amp; Poumarat." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADC8622D06179" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" tableUuid="D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADC8622D06179">Table 6</tableCitation>
). Such differences are not considered to be at the rank of form. A species rank is currently not supported, due to the lack of genetic resolution of the nrDNA sequences.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D799667B0C25E249FF5BD810254B648A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7829514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829514/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" startId="8.[133,143,1636,1654]" targetBox="[132,1456,164,1604]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="835936F30C25E249FF5BD810254B648A" blockId="8.[132,1456,1636,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
FIG. 2. — Phylogenetic placement of the type nrDNA sequences, in relation to ITS + LSU sequences from european 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FBE2D81024B56414" authority="Pers." authorityName="Pers." box="[1084,1202,1636,1654]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FBE2D81024876414" box="[1084,1152,1636,1654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Amanita</emphasis>
Pers.
</taxonomicName>
taxa belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FAB6D81025B76414" box="[1384,1456,1636,1654]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="152" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="series" series="Amidella">Amidella</taxonomicName>
clade (only the terminal epithets are shown).Using a 70% coverage cutoff, a total of 1121 aligned positions were analysed with the Maximum Likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei (
<bibRefCitation id="E7774B020C25E249FEEFD8E521C964C1" author="TAMURA K. &amp; NEI M." box="[305,462,1681,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" pagination="512 - 526" refId="ref13229" refString="TAMURA K. &amp; NEI M. 1993. - Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 040023" type="journal article" year="1993">Tamura &amp; Nei 1993</bibRefCitation>
) substitution model, with a discrete Gamma distribution to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (five categories [gamma parameter 0.7526]), allowing for some sites to be evolutionarily invariable (40.90% sites). The percentage bootstrap support for each node (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The support for each species clade is 99% (
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FC81D8CB241C64B3" authorityName="Arraiano-Castilho &amp; Silva &amp; Vila-Viçosa &amp; Castro &amp; Morgado &amp; Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Arraiano-Castilho &amp; Silva &amp; Vila-Viçosa &amp; Castro &amp; Morgado &amp; Oliveira" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[863,1051,1727,1745]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudovalens" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FC81D8CB241C64B3" box="[863,1051,1727,1745]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Amanita pseudovalens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAA1579A0C25E249FBFFD8CB24DD64B3" box="[1057,1242,1727,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">comb. nov., stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), 100% (
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FAFCD8CB25A864B3" baseAuthorityName="Neville &amp; Poumarat" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1314,1455,1727,1745]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="curtipes">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FAFCD8CB25A864B3" box="[1314,1455,1727,1745]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Amanita curtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
E.-J.Gilbert), 100% (
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FEF0D8A22204648A" authority="Barla" authorityName="Barla" box="[302,515,1750,1768]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lepiotoides">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FEF0D8A221D5648A" box="[302,466,1750,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Amanita lepiotoides</emphasis>
Barla
</taxonomicName>
) and 100% (
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FDB3D8A223BA648A" authority="Malencon &amp; R. Heim" authorityName="Malencon &amp; R. Heim" box="[621,957,1750,1768]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FDB3D8A22308648A" box="[621,783,1750,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Amanita ponderosa</emphasis>
Malençon &amp; R.Heim
</taxonomicName>
). The scale indicates 0.02 substitutions per site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="835936F30C25E249FF45D9252164658E" blockId="8.[130,775,1873,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
Both taxa share, aside from the characters in common with other species of series 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C25E249FEB8D90521C465E9" box="[358,451,1905,1931]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="series" series="Amidella">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FEB8D90521C465E9" box="[358,451,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Amidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the vernal fruiting season, the medium to small size, and the indistinct odour (
<tableCitation id="CE6403480C25E249FD7AD9E522F165C9" box="[676,758,1937,1963]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,754,772]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 6. — Comparisons of the described Odemira collections (Amanita pseudovalens var.tartessiana var.nov.) with the descriptions made by Neville &amp; Poumarat (2004) of other taxa of series Amidella (E.-J.Gilbert) Neville &amp; Poumarat." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADC8622D06179" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADC8622D06179">Table 6</tableCitation>
), and can be confirmed with the 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FE07D9C521FA65A9" box="[473,509,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Aps</emphasis>
diagnostic PCR primers described in 
<tableCitation id="CE6403480C25E249FED2D9A52164658E" box="[268,355,2001,2028]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — List of selected taxon-specific primers,showing the sequences,annealing temperatures (Ta), matching and positive control universal primers.ApoIf2 is for Amanita ponderosa Malençon &amp; R.Heim, the remainder are for A. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. a, White et al. 1990; b, Gardes &amp; Bruns 1993; c, NLC2R is the reverse complement of NLC2 (Martin &amp; Rygiewicz 2005); d, Hopple &amp; Vilgalys 1999." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D799667B0C2AE246FF5ADEAF236D6379" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="D799667B0C2AE246FF5ADEAF236D6379">Table 2.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C25E249FCF3D92623BA6508" blockId="8.[813,957,1874,1900]" box="[813,957,1874,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="D811819F0C25E249FCF3D92623BA6508" box="[813,957,1874,1900]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" reason="5">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C25E248FCF3D90621816330" blockId="8.[811,1456,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[132,775,215,338]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
To describe the new species, we used fresh materials obtained from sites A and B near Luzianes in spring 2015 (
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FA80D9E5234E65A9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Ode01- 12</emphasis>
except 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FC7CD9C523EF65A9" box="[930,1000,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Ode09</emphasis>
) and the basidiospores from a collection in the Portel county (
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C25E249FBC9D9A524446589" box="[1047,1091,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">P01</emphasis>
, near Monte Novo, spring 2010) and another from São Mamede Park near Monte Carvalho, 
<collectingRegion id="4122F8110C24E248FF5ADE8320E86373" box="[132,239,247,273]" country="Portugal" name="Portalegre" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Portalegre</collectingRegion>
county (
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FE8EDE83219F6373" box="[336,408,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode16</emphasis>
, spring 2015). All specimens used in this description were deposited in the PO herbarium (see Material and Methods).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADF0320C663F3" blockId="9.[132,193,375,401]" box="[132,193,375,401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FF5ADF0320C663F3" box="[132,193,375,401]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5ADF0320C663F3" box="[132,193,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Pileus</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADFE222A26032" blockId="9.[130,776,406,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
Flat to slightly depressed, convex at the margin, expanding to a diameter of 
<quantity id="441E9B160C24E248FE9DDFC2219463B3" box="[323,403,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
. Most collections whitish 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FD62DFC3230763B2" box="[700,768,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">in situ</emphasis>
, turning rose/ochre with either aging, handling, or scratching. A pale grey plaque from the universal veil is frequently present. Some collections present brownish scales close to the margin (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FF3FDC4221536032" box="[225,340,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1894,1912]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-200@10.[792,1333,781,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Photographs of Amanita pseudovalens var. tartessiana var.nov.specimens from Odemira.Some images taken in the field are matched with corresponding ones taken in the laboratory: A, grouped basidiomes (Ode12) and their appearance upon arrival at the laboratory; B, outcropping away from the vegetation, showing the coarse soil texture in this case (Ode02); inset shows squamulose inner cuticle remains; C, another specimen with cuticle squamules (Ode11); D, specimen with cracked cuticle (Ode05); E, example with stipe squamules (Ode06); F, side view of an emerging basidiome (Ode03) and the same specimen showing the darkened squamules on the stipe; G, view of the hymenophore and the appendiculate pileus margin (Ode02, specimen different from B); H, details of an immature basidiome (Ode06, specimen different from E) showing the annulus and insertion of the lamellae (left), and longitudinal section (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829516/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
). Margin thinly appendiculate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADC02211560F2" blockId="9.[132,274,630,656]" box="[132,274,630,656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FF5ADC02211560F2" box="[132,274,630,656]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5ADC02211560F2" box="[132,274,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Hymenophore</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADCE2227360AD" blockId="9.[132,775,662,720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Adnexed ascending, white, turning rose/ochre with either aging, bruising or scratching, with lamellulae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADC8220B16172" blockId="9.[132,182,758,784]" box="[132,182,758,784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FF5ADC8220B16172" box="[132,182,758,784]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5ADC8220B16172" box="[132,182,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Stipe</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADD61230061CD" blockId="9.[130,776,789,943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
Almost cylindrical,slightly tapering toward the apex,non-bulbous, base obconical. Concolorous with the pileus, with a very fugacious annulus (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FEC1DD2121756112" box="[287,370,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1894,1912]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-200@10.[792,1333,781,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Photographs of Amanita pseudovalens var. tartessiana var.nov.specimens from Odemira.Some images taken in the field are matched with corresponding ones taken in the laboratory: A, grouped basidiomes (Ode12) and their appearance upon arrival at the laboratory; B, outcropping away from the vegetation, showing the coarse soil texture in this case (Ode02); inset shows squamulose inner cuticle remains; C, another specimen with cuticle squamules (Ode11); D, specimen with cracked cuticle (Ode05); E, example with stipe squamules (Ode06); F, side view of an emerging basidiome (Ode03) and the same specimen showing the darkened squamules on the stipe; G, view of the hymenophore and the appendiculate pileus margin (Ode02, specimen different from B); H, details of an immature basidiome (Ode06, specimen different from E) showing the annulus and insertion of the lamellae (left), and longitudinal section (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829516/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). A scale covering can be seen below the annulus region (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FEF1DD0121DE61ED" box="[303,473,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1894,1912]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-200@10.[792,1333,781,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Photographs of Amanita pseudovalens var. tartessiana var.nov.specimens from Odemira.Some images taken in the field are matched with corresponding ones taken in the laboratory: A, grouped basidiomes (Ode12) and their appearance upon arrival at the laboratory; B, outcropping away from the vegetation, showing the coarse soil texture in this case (Ode02); inset shows squamulose inner cuticle remains; C, another specimen with cuticle squamules (Ode11); D, specimen with cracked cuticle (Ode05); E, example with stipe squamules (Ode06); F, side view of an emerging basidiome (Ode03) and the same specimen showing the darkened squamules on the stipe; G, view of the hymenophore and the appendiculate pileus margin (Ode02, specimen different from B); H, details of an immature basidiome (Ode06, specimen different from E) showing the annulus and insertion of the lamellae (left), and longitudinal section (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829516/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3A; C; E; F</figureCitation>
). Height not longer than the diameter of the expanded pileus, thickness 
<quantity id="441E9B160C24E248FDE0DDE1228061CD" box="[574,647,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
at the most.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADDA020AC618C" blockId="9.[132,171,980,1006]" box="[132,171,980,1006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FF5ADDA020AC618C" box="[132,171,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5ADDA020AC618C" box="[132,171,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Veil</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADD802162660C" blockId="9.[130,775,1012,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
Universal veil leaving a sac-like thick volva with a lobed margin, pale grey, with an internal ridge raised in contact with the stipe (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FF30DA402143662D" box="[238,324,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1894,1912]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-200@10.[792,1333,781,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Photographs of Amanita pseudovalens var. tartessiana var.nov.specimens from Odemira.Some images taken in the field are matched with corresponding ones taken in the laboratory: A, grouped basidiomes (Ode12) and their appearance upon arrival at the laboratory; B, outcropping away from the vegetation, showing the coarse soil texture in this case (Ode02); inset shows squamulose inner cuticle remains; C, another specimen with cuticle squamules (Ode11); D, specimen with cracked cuticle (Ode05); E, example with stipe squamules (Ode06); F, side view of an emerging basidiome (Ode03) and the same specimen showing the darkened squamules on the stipe; G, view of the hymenophore and the appendiculate pileus margin (Ode02, specimen different from B); H, details of an immature basidiome (Ode06, specimen different from E) showing the annulus and insertion of the lamellae (left), and longitudinal section (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829516/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
); often it remains also as a single pale grey plaque on the pileus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF45DA00216D66AC" blockId="9.[130,775,1012,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Partial veil leaving a fugacious non-membranous annulus at roughly two-thirds of the stipe height, and narrow remnants on the pileus margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADA8020D2676C" blockId="9.[132,213,1268,1294]" box="[132,213,1268,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FF5ADA8020D2676C" box="[132,213,1268,1294]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5ADA8020D2676C" box="[132,213,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Context</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADB67230067EF" blockId="9.[132,775,1299,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
Concolorous with the surface, homogeneous, relatively compact, non-putrescent. Odour indistinct. Reaction with 10% FeSO 
<subScript id="1F6234B60C24E248FF1DDB1420CA6713" attach="left" box="[195,205,1376,1393]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">4</subScript>
on rehydrated samples from the stipe develops an immediate change to greenish grey that lasts a few minutes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADBC7210E67AF" blockId="9.[132,265,1459,1485]" box="[132,265,1459,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FF5ADBC7210E67AF" box="[132,265,1459,1485]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5ADBC7210E67AF" box="[132,265,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Basidiospores</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FF5ADBA722AF658E" blockId="9.[130,777,1491,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
White, amyloid, ellipsoid to oblong, average length 11.78 µm, average width 6.97 µm, average length/width ratio (Q) 1.696 (
<tableCitation id="CE6403480C24E248FF09D866212D644F" box="[215,298,1554,1581]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 5. — Basidiospore measurements (µm) and Q values,represented as the central 90% distribution intervals (or minimum-maximum ranges (min-max) where indicated), with averages in italic. Summary distributions do not include Ode01 and Ode16 (no spore print available)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADEAF24566366" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" tableUuid="D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADEAF24566366">Table 5</tableCitation>
), overlapping the 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C24E248FE25D8672284644E" box="[507,643,1554,1581]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FE25D8672284644E" box="[507,643,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. ponderosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sporograph but not the one for 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C24E248FE8AD847225D642E" box="[340,602,1586,1613]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" form="pseudovalens" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="form" species="curtipes">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FE8AD84721B8642E" box="[340,447,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. curtipes</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FE04D846225D642E" box="[474,602,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">pseudovalens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FDB7D84622A1642F" box="[617,678,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[244,1395,176,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-80@12.[286,860,777,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Plotting of the measurements summarised in Table 5 (dots), comparing with the limits of the sporographs, based on the descriptions in Neville &amp; Poumarat (2004) for Amanita curtipes f. pseudovalens Neville &amp; Poumarat (continuous line) and A. ponderosa f. ponderosa Malençon &amp; R.Heim (dashed line)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829522/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Due to the lack of spore print, collections 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FE39D826222A640E" box="[487,557,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode01</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FD81D82622A1640E" box="[607,678,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode16</emphasis>
were not included in the summary calculations. Statistical testing rejected the hypothesis of homogeneity among the collections included in the summary statistics, for all three variables (Appendices 4; 5). Indeed, the heterogeneity among collections was the rule (
<tableCitation id="CE6403480C24E248FF53D88620DD656F" box="[141,218,1778,1805]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 5. — Basidiospore measurements (µm) and Q values,represented as the central 90% distribution intervals (or minimum-maximum ranges (min-max) where indicated), with averages in italic. Summary distributions do not include Ode01 and Ode16 (no spore print available)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADEAF24566366" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" tableUuid="D799667B0C26E24AFF5ADEAF24566366">Table 5</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FF3BD8862159656E" box="[229,350,1778,1804]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="19.[335,347,221,239]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[287,840,822,1373]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="APPENDIX 8. — Examples of basidiospore outlines from the Spring 2015 Luzianes collections. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Appendix 8</figureCitation>
): 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FEACD88621BF656E" box="[370,440,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode10</emphasis>
had longer spores and higher Q, bordering on standard 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C24E248FEA2D966221C654E" authorityName="Arraiano-Castilho &amp; Silva &amp; Vila-Viçosa &amp; Castro &amp; Morgado &amp; Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Arraiano-Castilho &amp; Silva &amp; Vila-Viçosa &amp; Castro &amp; Morgado &amp; Oliveira" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[380,539,1810,1836]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudovalens" status="comb. nov., stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FEA2D966221C654E" box="[380,539,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. pseudovalens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAA1579A0C24E248FDFCD966230F654E" box="[546,776,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">comb. nov., stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
limits; 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF13D94521136529" box="[205,276,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode08</emphasis>
had wider spores and lower Q, even more than 
<taxonomicName id="44E64D700C24E248FF5AD92621026509" box="[132,261,1873,1900]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FF5AD92621026509" box="[132,261,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. ponderosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FE8ED92521916509" box="[336,406,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode11</emphasis>
had spores of average Q values but small size. Nested ANOVA (within and between sites) also suggested heterogeneity within sites for the three variables, but only for length and width between sites.Site A collections have on average significantly higher values (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FDC2D9A5229E6589" box="[540,665,2001,2027]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="18.[243,255,1397,1415]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="APPENDIX 6. — Differences between sites for basidiospore length (L), width (l) and L/l ratio (Q). ***, P &lt;0.001; *, P &lt;0.05; ns, P ≥ 0.05." pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Appendix 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FCF3DEA3237D6293" blockId="9.[813,890,215,241]" box="[813,890,215,241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FCF3DEA3237D6293" box="[813,890,215,241]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FCF3DEA3237D6293" box="[813,890,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Basidia</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FCF3DE8324766073" blockId="9.[811,1455,247,529]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
Clavate, with 4 sterigmata, base unclamped, average length 56.9 µm (equal to the median), range 41.0-73.4 µm, n = 123. The measurements were obtained from collections 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FCAEDF2323CE6313" box="[880,969,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode02b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FC05DF2324216313" box="[987,1062,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode05</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FBE6DF2324976313" box="[1080,1168,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode06a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FB7CDF2324EA6313" box="[1186,1261,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode07</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FB21DF23254D6313" box="[1279,1354,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode08</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FA82DF2325AF6313" box="[1372,1448,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode10</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FCF3DF03237263F3" box="[813,885,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode11</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FC6EDF0323FE63F3" box="[944,1017,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode12</emphasis>
, revealing a normal distribution of the global data (Shapiro-Wilk’s W = 0.990, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FB20DFE3250963D2" box="[1278,1294,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">P</emphasis>
= 0.555). On average, similar basidia sizes were observed across all collections, although 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FBDDDFA2244B6392" box="[1027,1100,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode11</emphasis>
had a higher average length of 63.9 ± 5.0 µm (
<figureCitation id="1BDD2A760C24E248FC01DF8224666073" box="[991,1121,502,529]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="18.[619,631,1790,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="APPENDIX 7. — Analyses for basidia length." pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Appendix 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FCF3DC4223BC6032" blockId="9.[813,955,566,592]" box="[813,955,566,592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D811819F0C24E248FCF3DC4223BC6032" box="[813,955,566,592]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FCF3DC4223BC6032" box="[813,955,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Universal veil</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835936F30C24E248FCF3DC2224AE664D" blockId="9.[811,1457,598,1071]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
Sagital sections (
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FC34DC2224336012" box="[1002,1076,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode02</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FB9BDC2224896012" box="[1093,1166,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode07</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FB41DC2224EF6012" box="[1183,1256,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode11</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FB27DC2225456012" box="[1273,1346,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode12</emphasis>
) revealed a thin outer layer, 80-100 µm deep, composed of slightly interwoven, longitudinally oriented hyphae, very compact and 10 µm wide (as measured in transversal sections), from which thinner hyphae, very loose, projected outwards (not found in 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FC48DC8123DB616D" box="[918,988,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode11</emphasis>
). Many of the latter hyphae had a slightly widened, bulbous termination. No clamp connections were observed. The remainder of the structure was composed of more loosely packed longitudinal, slightly wavy hyphae, with very conspicuous lacunae interpreted as remnants of larger inflated, ellipsoid to oblong, hyphal elements. Measurement of these lacunae in 
<collectingCountry id="FBF176630C24E248FC2BDDC1243861AD" box="[1013,1087,949,975]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Congo</collectingCountry>
Red SDS stained sections (
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FABFDDC125AF61AD" box="[1377,1448,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode02</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B192EAE10C24E248FCF3DDA02374618C" box="[813,883,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Ode07</emphasis>
, n = 41), under low magnification, gave an estimate of 40-71 µm length (average 54 µm, C. V. 17%) by 20-46 µm width (average 33 µm, C. V. 16%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>