349 lines
40 KiB
XML
349 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="9C58A31F414D382F5099BD9828B8FFF9" ID-CLB-Dataset="6549" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b99872c-396a-4f44-bf40-9a7b50470219" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4779675" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621620993352" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Martos, Florent, Johnson, Steven D. & Bytebier, Benny" docDate="2015" docId="D47019243D4A8025FF060523FB25FEA2" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.221.1.048-056.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 221 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Gastrodia madagascariensis H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="2849615C3D4B8021FF8E0057FFC9FF87" masterDocTitle="Gastrodia madagascariensis (Gastrodieae, Orchidaceae): from an historical designation to a description of a new species from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="48" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698942804715" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9F5EFB1BA898CDCA253E510FB1F5DFD8">Gastrodia madagascariensis (Gastrodieae, Orchidaceae): from an historical designation to a description of a new species from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C56905F881C95330A813840C48856B37">Martos, Florent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE208F5CD744F89566ECE05CF7D061E1">Johnson, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4FF771C484703CBFE7C8D0DF75D685FA">Bytebier, Benny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D01FA7B8C22195CDAB242E23A998BF0D">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CC6F768862634862C5329775E98FB76E">
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<mods:date id="B8A8BD8C65CCF0DC0399A544C498736A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="89508BC9336EC609F5673C7E6B8EA9FE">2015-07-28</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0333818DD5881512438A8DDC76E3B0B8">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.4</mods:url>
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<treatment id="D47019243D4A8025FF060523FB25FEA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182255907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4779661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47019243D4A8025FF060523FB25FEA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D47019243D4A8025FF060523FB25FEA2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="14C3FBB93D4A8020FF060523FBDCFA08" box="[136,1045,1396,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C66A8323D4A8020FF060523FBDCFA08" blockId="1.[136,1045,1396,1423]" box="[136,1045,1396,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="072E1F5E3D4A8020FF060523FBDCFA08" box="[136,1045,1396,1423]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D4A8020FF060523FCF3FA08" ID-CoL="3FDHR" authority="H.Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,826,1396,1423]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4A8020FF060523FE07FA08" bold="true" box="[136,462,1396,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Gastrodia madagascariensis</emphasis>
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H.Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4A8020FCCB0521FC53FA08" box="[837,922,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="759EC95B3D4A8020FCCB0521FC53FA08" box="[837,922,1398,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="C4E2B4B73D4A8020FC260521FBC2FA08" box="[936,1035,1398,1423]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[136,228,1365,1386]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,391,1332]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1375,205,1887]" captionTargetId-0="figure-126@2.[151,1436,386,1337]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@3.[213,1375,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Gastrodia madagascariensis. A. Habit; note the dark color of the peduncle contrasting with the whitish pedicels, and the dark colour of the perianth tube at the apex. B. Open flower, front view; note the perianth tube spreading towards the apex, and the reddish brown (bottom half) and light brown (top half) colour of the perianth tube on the inner surface.C. Open flower, three quarter view; note the emerald green colour of the lip tip and of two tubercular calli borne on the column-foot (also seen on B). D. Dehiscent capsules borne on elongated fruiting pedicels. E. Fusiform rhizome with fine adventitious roots. Photographs:A.Charbouillot (A–C) and J.-M.Hervouet (D)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Gastrodia madagascariensis. A. Habit (inflorescence with rhizome). B Detail of rhizome. C. Detail of inflorescence. D. Elongating pedicel. E. Open flower, front view. F. Sepals and petals flattened. G. Pedicel, ovary, column and lip, side view.H. Lip (adaxial) and base of column. I. Lip (abaxial). J. Lip (abaxial) appressed to column. K. Column (adaxial). L. Detail of column apex without anther cap. M. Detail of column apex with anther cap. N. Fruits. O. Pollinia.A–C, E–M from Martos 906; D, N, O from photographs. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–C, E–F, N, 5 mm; D, 50 mm; G–L, 1 mm; M, O, 0.5 mm. Drawn by A.J.Beaumont." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779677" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779679" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4779677/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4779679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14C3FBB93D4A8023FF060597FB69FEEA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5C66A8323D4A8020FF060597FD29FA7E" blockId="1.[136,1451,1472,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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<materialsCitation id="ECB1A26F3D4A8020FF060597FE02FA7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3115538302" collectingDate="2013-08-16" collectionCode="TYPE" country="Madagascar" elevation="145" latitude="-16.672583" location="Ambodiriana Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.702366" municipality="Manompana village" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4A8020FF060597FF21FA52" bold="true" box="[136,232,1472,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D4A8020FF060597FF03FA52" box="[136,202,1472,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">TYPE</collectionCode>
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:—
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="24CEE8A23D4A8020FF660597FE5FFA52" box="[232,406,1472,1493]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="9E1D66D03D4A8020FE100597FDC3FA52" box="[414,522,1472,1493]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="BC0232483D4A8020FD9F0597FD1AFA52" box="[529,723,1472,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Manompana village</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<location id="5906FEE93D4A8020FD540597FC55FA52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47019243D4A8025FF060523FB25FEA2:5906FEE93D4A8020FD540597FC55FA52" box="[730,924,1472,1493]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-16.672583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.702366" municipality="Manompana village" name="Ambodiriana Forest" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Toamasina">Ambodiriana Forest</location>
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, elev.
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FC590597FBDFFA52" box="[983,1046,1472,1493]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="145.0">
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<elevation id="D7F44F013D4A8020FC590597FBDFFA52" box="[983,1046,1472,1493]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="145.0">145 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="39EDCEF53D4A8020FB910597FB79FA52" box="[1055,1200,1472,1493]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" precision="1" seconds="21.30" value="-16.672583">16°40’21.30”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="39EDCEF53D4A8020FB340597FA88FA52" box="[1210,1345,1472,1493]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" precision="1" seconds="8.52" value="49.702366">49°42’8.52”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="28678EF23D4A8020FAC40597FF26FA7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" value="2013-08-16">
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<collectingDate id="3823771A3D4A8020FAC40597FF26FA7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" value="2013-08-16">16 August 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4A8020FF7705B3FEA0FA7E" box="[249,361,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Martos 906</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="836216903D4A8020FEFB05B3FE02FA7E" box="[373,459,1508,1529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D4A8020FE5F05B3FE3DFA7E" box="[465,500,1508,1529]" country="Thailand" name="Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">NU</collectionCode>
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(spirit)!, isotype
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<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D4A8020FD1405B3FD1BFA7E" box="[666,722,1508,1529]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
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!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C66A8323D4A8020FF06065FFD39F9C6" blockId="1.[136,1451,1472,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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Diagnosis:
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<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4A8020FF61065FFECEF99A" bold="true" box="[239,263,1544,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D4A8020FEE5065FFD09F99A" authority="Bosser (2006: 52)" authorityName="Bosser" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="2006" box="[363,704,1544,1565]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="similis">
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<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4A8020FEE5065FFDC6F99A" box="[363,527,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Gastrodia similis</emphasis>
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Bosser (2006: 52)
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it can be distinguished by the perianth tube spreading towards the apex, the cordate stigma, and the emerald green lip colour.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C66A8323D4A8023FF060625FB69FEEA" blockId="1.[136,1452,1650,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,160,365]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
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Slender, leafless, achlorophyllous herb. Rhizome subterranean, fleshy, fusiform, villose to tomentose, 20–50 ×
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FA0C0625FF7FF928" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 mm</quantity>
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, densely noded; adventitious roots up to 300 ×
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FD4306C1FCD8F928" box="[717,785,1686,1711]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
. Peduncle erect,
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||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FC4106C1FBACF928" box="[975,1125,1686,1711]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="200.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="100.0">100–300 mm</quantity>
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tall, glabrous, dark brown to blackish, with 3–4 tubular sheaths in the lower half; sheaths
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FCAF06EDFCB4F954" box="[801,893,1722,1747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
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long, truncate and with an abrupt acumen
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||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FADE06EDFA65F954" box="[1360,1452,1722,1747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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long. Inflorescence racemose, with (1–)3–12 flowers, rachis
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FCB80689FC79F970" box="[822,944,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 mm</quantity>
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long; bracts lanceolate to ovate, acute, 6 ×
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FA100689FF7EF89C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
. Pedicel slender, twisted,
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FE580755FDFAF89C" box="[470,563,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
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long. Flowers resupinate, campanulate, spreading; sepals and petals dull brown adaxially, light brown or reddish brown abaxially, blackish brown at apex; lip yellow-orange, tinged with emerald green at apex; two tubercular processes borne on the column-foot emerald green. Sepals fleshy, ovate, obtuse, 12–14 ×
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||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FF100739FF34F800" box="[158,253,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
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, connate for about two thirds of their length except between the lateral sepals where the fusion only reaches halfway, verrucose adaxially, wrinkled abaxially. Petals slightly fleshy, broadly ovate, obtuse, 5–6 ×
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<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FB7907C5FA9FF82C" box="[1271,1366,1938,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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||
, adnate to the sepals and forming a floral tube together with them. Lip inserted at the apex of the column-foot, free from other perianth parts, completely enclosed within perianth tube, fleshy, broadly ovate, 7–8 ×
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||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D4A8020FBEA078DFB0CF874" box="[1124,1221,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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||
, broadly acuminate, papillose; base shortly clawed; margin ascending on the sides; adaxial side transversely wrinkled and bearing two apical incurved ridges which are somewhat V-shaped, the tip of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D498023FC2E00F7FC7DFF3E" box="[928,948,160,185]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
lengthening towards the front; abaxial side canaliculate. Column elongate,
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FE650093FD80FF5A" box="[491,585,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, narrowed at base, winged distally, with a tooth-like appendage on either side of the column at apex; foot incurved, with a pair of cephaloid tubercular processes at apex; anther subcircular, ± 1.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FF42015BFEECFEA2" box="[204,293,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, broadly rounded at the front; pollinia 2, granular, composed of friable massulae, attached to a shared viscidium; stigma borne on a raised projection at base, cordate. Ovary trigonous, obconical, ±
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FB4A0167FACEFECE" box="[1220,1287,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Capsule erect, ovoid, ± 25 ×
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FEE40103FE64FEEA" box="[362,429,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, borne on a pedicel elongating up to
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FCC50103FC59FEEA" box="[843,912,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
during fruit maturation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="08A6F8BA3D498023FF060502FAFCFA7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4779677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4779677/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" startId="2.[136,228,1365,1386]" targetBox="[152,1435,391,1332]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D498023FF060502FAFCFA7D" blockId="2.[136,1452,1365,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FF060502FF35FAED" bold="true" box="[136,252,1365,1386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D498023FE8D0502FDDBFAED" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[259,530,1365,1386]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FE8D0502FDDBFAED" box="[259,530,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Gastrodia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FD900502FDE6FAED" bold="true" box="[542,559,1365,1386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Habit; note the dark color of the peduncle contrasting with the whitish pedicels, and the dark colour of the perianth tube at the apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FE78052EFDCFFA09" bold="true" box="[502,518,1401,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Open flower, front view; note the perianth tube spreading towards the apex, and the reddish brown (bottom half) and light brown (top half) colour of the perianth tube on the inner surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FC3005CAFC06FA35" bold="true" box="[958,975,1437,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Open flower, three quarter view; note the emerald green colour of the lip tip and of two tubercular calli borne on the column-foot (also seen on
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FC750596FBC2FA51" bold="true" box="[1019,1035,1473,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FB900596FBE6FA51" bold="true" box="[1054,1071,1473,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Dehiscent capsules borne on elongated fruiting pedicels.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FEA205B2FEF5FA7D" bold="true" box="[300,316,1509,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Fusiform rhizome with fine adventitious roots. Photographs: A.Charbouillot (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FB9305B2FB82FA7D" bold="true" box="[1053,1099,1509,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
) and J.-M.Hervouet (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FA9905B2FAE1FA7D" bold="true" box="[1303,1320,1509,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14C3FBB93D498023FF33067CFBFEF857" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D498023FF33067CFD0CF90B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1579,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FF33067CFDD0F9C3" bold="true" box="[189,537,1579,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D498023FD94067CFCACF9C3" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[538,869,1579,1604]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FD94067CFCACF9C3" box="[538,869,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Gastrodia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from Ambodiriana Forest near Manompana (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4E2B4B73D498023FEA80618FEA4F9EF" box="[294,365,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1752,1773]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,356,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@4.[151,1436,353,1727]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of Madagascar showing the distribution of the various observations of Gastrodieae on the island. Didymoplexis avaratraensis and D. recurvata, both endemic to Madagascar, co-occur in the northern province of Antsiranana, in evergreen wet forest at mid elevation (Cribb et al. 2013). Didymoplexis verrucosa, also known from South Africa, was recently photographed in the western province of Mahajanga, in deciduous seasonally dry forest (Cribb et al. 2011). Gastrodia madagascariensis occurs in the eastern province of Toamasina opposite the island Nosy Boraha, in evergreen wet forest at low elevation. Filled triangles: flowers observed. Open triangle: only fruits observed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4779683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Here, it grows in evergreen, humid forest below
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FC370618FBCAF9EF" box="[953,1027,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
and is more commonly found in the vicinity of the river Manompana and its tributaries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D498023FF3306C0FBFEF857" blockId="2.[136,1452,1579,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FF3306C0FE4AF937" bold="true" box="[189,387,1687,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Conservation:—</emphasis>
|
||
Since 1996, Ambodiriana Forest is protected by a non-governmental organisation, namely the
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FF0606ECFD12F953" box="[136,731,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Association de Défense de la Forêt d’Ambodiriana</emphasis>
|
||
(ADEFA). However, slash-and-burn deforestation is common along this part of the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24CEE8A23D498023FE5D0688FD95F97F" box="[467,604,1759,1784]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Ambodiriana Forest is situated less than two km away from the nearest rice fields and seven km from Manompana village. In addition, the fact that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D498023FBA80754FB5EF89B" box="[1062,1175,1795,1820]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FBA80754FB5EF89B" box="[1062,1175,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Gastrodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
orchids require specific mycorrhizal associations for carbon uptake throughout their life cycle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3848D5C33D498023FC110770FBA6F8C7" author="Martos, F. & Dulormne, M. & Pailler, T. & Bonfante, P. & Faccio, A. & Fournel, J. & Dubois, M. - P. & Selosse, M. - A." box="[927,1135,1831,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="668 - 681" refId="ref5386" refString="Martos, F., Dulormne, M., Pailler, T., Bonfante, P., Faccio, A., Fournel, J., Dubois, M. - P. & Selosse, M. - A. (2009) Independent recruitment of saprotrophic fungi as mycorrhizal partners by tropical achlorophyllous orchids. New Phytologist 184: 668 - 681. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 8137.2009.02987. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Martos
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FC780770FBEEF8C7" box="[1014,1063,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3848D5C33D498023FBF70770FA84F8C7" author="Selosse, M. - A. & Martos, F. & Perry, B. & Padamsee, M. & Roy, M. & Pailler, T." box="[1145,1357,1831,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="349 - 353" refId="ref5703" refString="Selosse, M. - A., Martos, F., Perry, B., Padamsee, M., Roy, M. & Pailler, T. (2010) Saprotrophic fungal symbionts in tropical achlorophyllous orchids: finding treasures among the ' molecular scraps'? Plant Signaling & Behavior 5: 349 - 353. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4161 / psb. 5.4.10791" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Selosse
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FB5A0770FACCF8C7" box="[1236,1285,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3848D5C33D498023FAD90770FEF3F8E3" author="Selosse, M. - A. & Martos, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="683 - 685" refId="ref5653" refString="Selosse, M. - A. & Martos, F. (2014) Do chlorophyllous orchids heterotrophically use mycorrhizal fungal carbon? Trends in Plant Science 19: 683 - 685. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tplants. 2014.09.005" type="journal article" year="2014">Selosse & Martos 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) renders them extremely vulnerable to habitat disturbance. In
|
||
<date id="28678EF23D498023FB87071CFB57F8E3" box="[1033,1182,1867,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" value="2013-08">August 2013</date>
|
||
, less than 50 flowering plants were seen throughout Ambodiriana Forest, covering an area of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D498023FBC10738FB65F80F" box="[1103,1196,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="2.25">2.25 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="ABAC057A3D498023FB22073AFB7DF8FC" attach="left" box="[1196,1204,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">2</superScript>
|
||
and we are at present not aware of any other locality where this species persists. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D498023FC2D07C4FB58F82B" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[931,1169,1939,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FC2D07C4FB58F82B" box="[931,1169,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">G. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered “Critically Endangered” according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3848D5C33D498023FC2F07E0FBE2F857" author="IUCN & Cambridge U. K." box="[929,1067,1975,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref5158" refString="IUCN (2014) The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2014.3. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / (accessed: 4 May 2015)" type="url" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14C3FBB93D498025FF33078CFB25FEA2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D498023FF33078CFACCF873" blockId="2.[136,1452,1579,2036]" box="[189,1285,2011,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FF33078CFEADF873" bold="true" box="[189,356,2011,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D498023FE64078CFD7DF873" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[490,692,2011,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D498023FE64078CFD7DF873" box="[490,692,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24CEE8A23D498023FC90078CFC6EF873" box="[798,935,2011,2036]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where this species is endemic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08A6F8BA3D488022FF060728FBF7F7A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779679" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4779679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4779679/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" startId="3.[136,229,1919,1940]" targetBox="[217,1375,205,1887]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D488022FF060728FBF7F7A3" blockId="3.[136,1452,1919,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FF060728FEC9F813" bold="true" box="[136,256,1919,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D488022FE860728FDD7F813" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[264,542,1919,1940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FE860728FDD7F813" box="[264,542,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Gastrodia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FDA30728FDF7F813" bold="true" box="[557,574,1919,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Habit (inflorescence with rhizome).
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FC3C0728FC0BF813" bold="true" box="[946,962,1919,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of rhizome.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FB090728FB51F813" bold="true" box="[1159,1176,1919,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of inflorescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FA1A0728FA6CF813" bold="true" box="[1428,1445,1919,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Elongating pedicel.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FEC807F4FE9FF83F" bold="true" box="[326,342,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Open flower, front view.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FDC207F4FD92F83F" bold="true" box="[588,603,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Sepals and petals flattened.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FCE507F4FCB7F83F" bold="true" box="[875,894,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Pedicel, ovary, column and lip, side view.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FA9D07F4FAEFF83F" bold="true" box="[1299,1318,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Lip (adaxial) and base of column.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FEC10790FE91F85B" bold="true" box="[335,344,1991,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Lip (abaxial).
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FE620790FE31F85B" bold="true" box="[492,504,1991,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Lip (abaxial) appressed to column.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FCD90790FCA3F85B" bold="true" box="[855,874,1991,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Column (adaxial).
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FBA70790FBF0F85B" bold="true" box="[1065,1081,1991,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of column apex without anther cap.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FF3A07BCFF02F787" bold="true" box="[180,203,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of column apex with anther cap.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FDC507BCFD95F787" bold="true" box="[587,604,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Fruits.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FD2507BCFD77F787" bold="true" box="[683,702,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">O</emphasis>
|
||
. Pollinia.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FC9007BCFC42F787" bold="true" box="[798,907,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">A–C, E–M</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FC4A07BCFBFBF787" box="[964,1074,2027,2048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Martos 906</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FBB007BCFB86F787" bold="true" box="[1086,1103,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FBD407BCFBA2F787" bold="true" box="[1114,1131,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FBF807BCFB40F787" bold="true" box="[1142,1161,2027,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">O</emphasis>
|
||
from photographs. Scale bars:
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FF060858FF50F7A3" bold="true" box="[136,153,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
, 10 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FF7B0858FEEAF7A3" bold="true" box="[245,291,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FEA10858FE90F7A3" bold="true" box="[303,345,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
, N, 5 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FE490858FE11F7A3" bold="true" box="[455,472,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
||
, 50 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FDBA0858FDAAF7A3" bold="true" box="[564,611,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">G–L</emphasis>
|
||
, 1 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FD3D0858FD03F7A3" bold="true" box="[691,714,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">M</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D488022FD5B0858FD21F7A3" bold="true" box="[725,744,2063,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">O</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.5 mm. Drawn by A.J.Beaumont.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D4F8025FF3300F7FD35FF5A" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4F8025FF3300F7FE96FF3E" bold="true" box="[189,351,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BD9D3B13D4F8025FED100F7FD6CFF3E" authorityName="H. Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier" authorityYear="2015" box="[351,677,160,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4F8025FED100F7FD6CFF3E" box="[351,677,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Gastrodia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers during the cooler, drier season between July and August. Fruiting occurs from August and throughout September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C66A8323D4F8025FF3300BFFB25FEA2" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4F8025FF3300BFFDE3FE86" bold="true" box="[189,554,232,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Other specimens examined:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ECB1A26F3D4F8025FDA400BFFB2EFEA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3115538301" collectingDate="1912-09" collectionCode="N, E, P" collectorName="Perrier de la Bathie" country="Madagascar" elevation="200" location="Fandrarazana River" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="P00540570" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24CEE8A23D4F8025FDA400BFFD3CFE86" box="[554,757,232,257]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9E1D66D03D4F8025FC8C00BFFCB6FE86" box="[770,895,232,257]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="5906FEE93D4F8025FC0300BFFBA5FE86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47019243D4A8025FF060523FB25FEA2:5906FEE93D4F8025FC0300BFFBA5FE86" box="[909,1132,232,257]" country="Madagascar" name="Fandrarazana River" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Toamasina">Fandrarazana River</location>
|
||
basin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D4F8025FB4A00BFFB15FE86" box="[1220,1244,232,257]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D4F8025FB6400BFFAC9FE86" box="[1258,1280,232,257]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
.), elev.
|
||
<quantity id="9B2105D73D4F8025FAD400BFFA6EFE86" box="[1370,1447,232,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="D7F44F013D4F8025FAD400BFFA6EFE86" box="[1370,1447,232,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="28678EF23D4F8025FF06015BFE8BFEA2" box="[136,322,268,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" value="1912-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3823771A3D4F8025FF06015BFE8BFEA2" box="[136,322,268,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" value="1912-09">September 1912</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAD74203D4F8025FEC3015BFDB0FEA2" box="[333,633,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectorName id="F12CCDE43D4F8025FEC3015BFDE4FEA2" box="[333,557,268,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
|
||
11349
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AC830F73D4F8025FD09015BFD5EFEA2" box="[647,663,268,293]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
[barcode
|
||
<specimenCode id="0C7F00493D4F8025FC89015BFC43FEA2" box="[775,906,268,293]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">P00540570</specimenCode>
|
||
] digital image!) (in fruit stage)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |