356 lines
39 KiB
XML
356 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="91CEC57BFA8F70C13B87E98D9BC8EBA1" ID-CLB-Dataset="30789" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f1510f6-1b79-467f-9e8d-f193ac82cc4b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1169559" ID-ZooBank="A3CE68AA-C5C6-40B7-B57C-6EF6D949149B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1518136191129" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruiz-C, Raquel I., Román-Valencia, César, Taphorn, Donald C., Buckup, Paulo A. & Ortega, Hernán" docDate="2018" docId="2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-402_Ruiz-C_Roman-Valencia.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 402" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907" docType="key" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="D03EFF9FFFC5D43CFFDCFFD0FE0FFFBE" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Astyanax orthodus species-group (Teleostei: Characidae) with descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1547298528796" originalUpdateUser="yanell" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698520653973" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4D08B1C4CEC8B3CD540ED20064D4BDA4">Revision of the Astyanax orthodus species-group (Teleostei: Characidae) with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="349D7937EA2ECABFC143C5183D2BAE3F">Ruiz-C, Raquel I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3DF2146450EFFE4D8A4E55713C60E34A">Román-Valencia, César</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5136C5B20EB48B78A27ACB0A5FF8B9A">Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD255C162472F4946B921412B14CB145">Buckup, Paulo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9887BAED3B5117D3A887F83E1C606AFA">Ortega, Hernán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="406F7B2D5CDC2A70FE18DC125F7F4B10">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A3AEF702A70124EE2A9F33E5D38F31F">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4CF0A40C2DDB0C89B8F311BD44C41B2D">2018-02-08</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140562875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="ECB4657AFFC6D43FFE34FDA5FA43FD30" box="[488,1100,628,655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFE34FDA5FA43FD30" blockId="3.[488,1100,628,655]" box="[488,1100,628,655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="FF59819DFFC6D43FFE34FDA5FA43FD30" box="[488,1100,628,655]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFE34FDA5FDADFD31" ID-CoL="J5TZ" authority="Eigenmann, 1907" authorityName="Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle" authorityYear="1907" box="[488,930,628,655]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthodus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFE34FDA5FCC3FD31" bold="true" box="[488,716,628,655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Astyanax orthodus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C03F4B00FFC6D43FFD0EFDA4FDADFD31" author="Eigenmann C. H. & Ogle F." box="[722,930,628,655]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 36" part="33" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.33-1556.1" refId="ref19281" refString="Eigenmann C. H. & Ogle F. 1907. An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 33: 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.33 - 1556.1" title="An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1907">Eigenmann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECB4657AFFC6D43FFF61FD68FDB3FBA5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61FD68FDB3FBA5" blockId="3.[189,1399,695,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Some species of
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFE59FD68FFFEFD6C" authorityName="Baird & Girard" authorityYear="1854" box="[389,497,696,722]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFE59FD68FFFEFD6C" box="[389,497,696,722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Astyanax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibit a horizontally elongate oval humeral spot with sharp, well delimited margins, which is bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by light regions mostly devoid of melanophores (
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFF1BFCD1FF59FCA5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,342,769,795]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFF1BFCD1FF59FCA5" box="[199,342,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">bimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group). In this study we have observed that the different layers of pigment that form the humeral spot(s), have differing degrees of development and structure that are independent of each other (
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<figureCitation id="3C952A74FFC6D43FFF1BFC9AFF04FCDA" box="[199,267,842,868]" captionStart="Fig.1" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,540,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,540,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.1.A.DistributionofpigmentinthehumeralregionofAstyanaxspecies.B.A.bimaculatus(Linnaeus, 1758).C.A.caucanus(Steindachner,1879).D.A.mexicanus(DeFilippi,1853).E.A.courensisBertaco, Carvalho & Jerep, 2010 (modified from Bertaco et al. 2010). The anterior humeral spot consists of two overlapping layers of pigment identified by numbers 1 and 2 (see Román-Valencia et al. 2015: fig. 1): 1. Diffuse vertical bar. 2. Horizontal spot with concentrated pigments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169561/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). We found brown melanophores distributed in a thin superficial layer of the epithelium (Layer 1,
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<figureCitation id="3C952A74FFC6D43FFF61FCBFFF0CFC37" box="[189,259,879,905]" captionStart="Fig.1" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,540,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,540,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.1.A.DistributionofpigmentinthehumeralregionofAstyanaxspecies.B.A.bimaculatus(Linnaeus, 1758).C.A.caucanus(Steindachner,1879).D.A.mexicanus(DeFilippi,1853).E.A.courensisBertaco, Carvalho & Jerep, 2010 (modified from Bertaco et al. 2010). The anterior humeral spot consists of two overlapping layers of pigment identified by numbers 1 and 2 (see Román-Valencia et al. 2015: fig. 1): 1. Diffuse vertical bar. 2. Horizontal spot with concentrated pigments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169561/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) and another deeper layer that consists of dark melanophores (Layer 2,
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<figureCitation id="3C952A74FFC6D43FFB87FCBFFAAEFC37" box="[1115,1185,879,905]" captionStart="Fig.1" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,540,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,540,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.1.A.DistributionofpigmentinthehumeralregionofAstyanaxspecies.B.A.bimaculatus(Linnaeus, 1758).C.A.caucanus(Steindachner,1879).D.A.mexicanus(DeFilippi,1853).E.A.courensisBertaco, Carvalho & Jerep, 2010 (modified from Bertaco et al. 2010). The anterior humeral spot consists of two overlapping layers of pigment identified by numbers 1 and 2 (see Román-Valencia et al. 2015: fig. 1): 1. Diffuse vertical bar. 2. Horizontal spot with concentrated pigments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169561/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). In some species with a horizontally ovate humeral spot there may be subtle variation in this character, but they retain the basic humeral pigmentation pattern, namely, the pigment model of the humeral spot described for the
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFF61FC0DFF2AFC49" authorityName="Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle" authorityYear="1907" box="[189,293,989,1015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthodus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFF61FC0DFF2AFC49" box="[189,293,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">orthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group follows the general pattern of the
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFD26FC0DFD86FC49" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[762,905,989,1015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFD26FC0DFD86FC49" box="[762,905,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">bimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, however, in the
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFB46FC0DFB0DFC49" authorityName="Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle" authorityYear="1907" box="[1178,1282,989,1015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthodus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFB46FC0DFB0DFC49" box="[1178,1282,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">orthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group the humeral spot has four vertices that give it the shape of a polygon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECB4657AFFC6D439FF61FB94FB78FE53" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61FB94FD88FBE0" blockId="3.[189,903,1092,1119]" box="[189,903,1092,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="FF59819DFFC6D43FFF61FB94FD88FBE0" bold="true" box="[189,903,1092,1119]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFF61FB94FD88FBE0" bold="true" box="[189,903,1092,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Key to the species of the
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFE2DFB94FCDAFBE1" ID-CoL="J5TZ" authorityName="Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle" authorityYear="1907" box="[497,725,1092,1119]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthodus">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFE2DFB94FCDAFBE1" bold="true" box="[497,725,1092,1119]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Astyanax orthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<key id="D03F61C0FFC6D439FF61FBA4FB78FE53" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC6D43FFF61FBA4FB78FA9F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61FBA4FB78FB0D" blockId="3.[189,1399,1140,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF61FBA4FB78FB0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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1. Predorsal midline with a continuous series of scales covering more than three quarters of the distance between the posterior tip of supraoccipital spine and dorsal-fin origin …
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFAB4FB49FB78FB0D" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,1177,1203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF1DFB6EFB78FA9F" blockId="3.[189,1399,1140,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF1DFB6EFB78FA9F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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– Predorsal midline irregularly scaled, with isolated scales or short series of medial scales alternating with scales that extend to or over the dorsal midline from the sides, especially along the posterior-most portion of the predorsal midline ………………………………………………
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFAB4FAD7FB78FA9F" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,1287,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC6D43FFF61FA92FB78FA18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61FA92FB78FAE2" blockId="3.[189,1399,1346,1446]" box="[189,1399,1346,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF61FA92FB78FAE2" box="[189,1399,1346,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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2. Caudal-peduncle spot restricted to the caudal fin and adjacent caudal peduncle …………………
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFAB4FA92FB78FAE2" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,1346,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF1DFAB7FB78FA18" blockId="3.[189,1399,1346,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF1DFAB7FB78FA18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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– Caudal-peduncle spot not restricted to the caudal fin and adjacent caudal peduncle, extended anteriorly as a continuous dark line or stripe on side of body …………………………………………………
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFAB4FA5CFB78FA18" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,1420,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC6D43FFF61FA17FB78F927" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61FA17FB78F995" blockId="3.[189,1399,1479,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF61FA17FB78F995" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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3. Caudal-peduncle spot short, not extending anteriorly to a vertical through the posterior tip of the adipose fin; body with reticulate pattern from the dorsum to the pelvic region ……………………… …………………………………
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<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFDB4F9C0FA4EF994" authority="(Torres-Mejia et al., 2012)" authorityName="Torres-Mejia et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[616,1089,1552,1579]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yariguies">
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<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFDB4F9C0FCF4F994" bold="true" box="[616,763,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. yariguies</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03F4B00FFC6D43FFCD7F9C0FA36F994" author="Torres-Mejia M. & Hernandez E. & Senechal V." box="[779,1081,1552,1579]" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="501 - 506" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-10-160" refId="ref20676" refString="Torres-Mejia M., Hernandez E. & Senechal V. 2012. A new species of Astyanacinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Magdalena System, Colombia. Copeia 2012: 501 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 10 - 160" title="A new species of Astyanacinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Magdalena System, Colombia" type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Torres-Mejía
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFC73F9C1FDE3F994" box="[943,1004,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Magdalena River Basin)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF1DF9E5FB78F927" blockId="3.[189,1399,1479,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF1DF9E5FB78F927" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
– Caudal-peduncle spot long, extending anteriorly to or beyond a vertical through the posterior tip of the adipose fin; body with alternating light and dark horizontal wavy stripes ………………… …………………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFCC4F9AEFA59F926" ID-CoL="5W7FC" authority="Myers, 1942" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1942" box="[792,1110,1662,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFCC4F9AEFDA2F927" bold="true" box="[792,941,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. superbus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03F4B00FFC6D43FFC67F9AFFA59F926" author="Myers G. S." box="[955,1110,1662,1689]" journalOrPublisher="Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="89 - 135" part="2" refId="ref20030" refString="Myers G. S. 1942. Studies on South American fresh-waters fishes. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 2: 89 - 135." title="Studies on South American fresh-waters fishes" type="journal article" year="1942">Myers, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Orinoco River Basin)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC6D43FFF61F96AFB78F8D9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61F96AFB78F8A3" blockId="3.[189,1399,1721,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF61F96AFB78F8A3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
4. Caudal-peduncle spot restricted to the midlateral axis of the body, not extending on to the dorsal and ventral margins of bases of caudal-fin rays …………………………………………………… …………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFE64F8D3FD16F8A3" ID-CoL="J5TZ" authority="Eigenmann, 1907" authorityName="Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle" authorityYear="1907" box="[440,793,1794,1821]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFE64F8D3FC4AF8A3" bold="true" box="[440,581,1794,1821]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. orthodus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03F4B00FFC6D43FFD97F8D3FD16F8A3" author="Eigenmann C. H. & Ogle F." box="[587,793,1795,1821]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 36" part="33" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.33-1556.1" refId="ref19281" refString="Eigenmann C. H. & Ogle F. 1907. An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 33: 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.33 - 1556.1" title="An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1907">Eigenmann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="A171602AFFC6D43FFCF5F8D3FDB4F8A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53:A171602AFFC6D43FFCF5F8D3FDB4F8A3" box="[809,955,1795,1821]" country="Colombia" municipality="River Basin" name="Atrato River" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Atrato
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4475AC8BFFC6D43FFCA6F8D3FDB4F8A3" box="[890,955,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
Basin, Caribbean Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCB97661FFC6D43FFB25F8D3FB62F8A3" box="[1273,1389,1795,1821]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF1DF8F8FB78F8D9" blockId="3.[189,1399,1721,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF1DF8F8FB78F8D9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
– Caudal-peduncle spot extending on to the dorsal and ventral margins of the caudal- peduncle and the bases of caudal-fin rays ……………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFD50F89CFD0AF8D9" authority="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega, 2018" authorityName="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega" authorityYear="2018" box="[652,773,1868,1895]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="embera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFD50F89CFD0AF8D9" bold="true" box="[652,773,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. embera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8DE95798FFC6D43FFCD5F89DFD6EF8D9" box="[777,865,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="A171602AFFC6D43FFCB2F89CFDE1F8D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53:A171602AFFC6D43FFCB2F89CFDE1F8D8" box="[878,1006,1868,1894]" country="Colombia" municipality="River Basin" name="Patia River" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Patía
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4475AC8BFFC6D43FFC71F89CFDE1F8D8" box="[941,1006,1868,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
Basin, Pacific Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCB97661FFC6D43FFB25F89CFB62F8D8" box="[1273,1389,1868,1894]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC6D43FFF61F857FB78F855" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF61F857FB78F879" blockId="3.[189,1399,1927,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF61F857FB78F879" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
5. Caudal-peduncle spot extending anteriorly as a dark line reaching second humeral spot.……..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC6D43FFF36F87CFC62F878" ID-CoL="J5VR" authority="Zarske & Gery, 1999" authorityName="Zarske & Gery" authorityYear="1999" box="[234,621,1964,1991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villwocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFF36F87CFF78F879" bold="true" box="[234,375,1964,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. villwocki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03F4B00FFC6D43FFEA7F87CFC62F878" author="Zarske A. & Gery J." box="[379,621,1964,1990]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="199 - 206" part="96" refId="ref20976" refString="Zarske A. & Gery J. 1999. Astyanax villwocki sp. nov. - a new characid fish from the upper Amazon Basin of Peru and Bolivia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 96: 199 - 206." title="Astyanax villwocki sp. nov. - a new characid fish from the upper Amazon Basin of Peru and Bolivia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae)" type="journal article" year="1999">Zarske & Géry, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="666AF813FFC6D43FFDA0F87CFD14F878" box="[636,795,1964,1990]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ucayali, Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="4D704E7DFFC6D43FFC8CF87CFDF5F878" box="[848,1018,1964,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mamoré River</collectingCounty>
|
||
drainages,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4475AC8BFFC6D43FFBA7F87CFB2BF878" box="[1147,1316,1964,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Amazon
|
||
<location id="A171602AFFC6D43FFB3FF87CFB2BF878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53:A171602AFFC6D43FFB3FF87CFB2BF878" box="[1251,1316,1964,1990]" county="Mamore River" municipality="Amazon River" name="River Basin" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Ucayali, Beni">River</location>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Basin)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC6D43FFF1DF801FB78F855" blockId="3.[189,1399,1927,2027]" box="[193,1399,2001,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC6D43FFF1DF801FB78F855" box="[193,1399,2001,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
– Caudal-peduncle spot not extending anteriorly beyond vertical through the anal-fin origin ………
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC6D43FFAB4F801FB78F855" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,2001,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC1D438FF61FEDBFB78FE0C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC1D438FF61FEDBFB78FED2" blockId="4.[189,1399,267,435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC1D438FF61FEDBFB78FED2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
6. Chevrons overlying lateral stripe short, their extensions not extending vertically from dorsal and ventral tips, occupying up to two series of scales above and below vertex of chevron; caudalpeduncle spot inconspicuous ………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC1D438FD40FE82FD20FED2" authority="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega, 2018" authorityName="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega" authorityYear="2018" box="[668,815,337,364]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gandhiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FD40FE82FD20FED2" bold="true" box="[668,815,337,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. gandhiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8DE95798FFC1D438FCEBFE82FD9DFED2" box="[823,914,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Cenepa River drainage, upper Amazon)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC1D438FF1DFEA5FB78FE0C" blockId="4.[189,1399,267,435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC1D438FF1DFEA5FB78FE0C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
– Chevrons overlying lateral stripe extended vertically by prolongations from dorsal and ventral tips over three horizontal rows of scales; caudal-peduncle spot conspicuous ……………………
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FAB4FE48FB78FE0C" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,408,434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<caption id="F0D16679FFC1D438FF61F893FDFEF854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169561/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1859,1885]" targetBox="[189,1398,540,1837]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC1D438FF61F893FDFEF854" blockId="4.[189,1399,1859,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FF61F893FF2EF8E3" bold="true" box="[189,289,1859,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1. A</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution of pigment in the humeral region of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC1D438FC8BF894FDCCF8E0" ID-CoL="34PZ" authorityName="Baird & Girard" authorityYear="1854" box="[855,963,1860,1886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FC8BF894FDCCF8E0" box="[855,963,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Astyanax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FBF4F893FA33F8E3" bold="true" box="[1064,1084,1859,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC1D438FB94F894FF0DF83F" ID-CoL="J5QG" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FB94F894FAFAF8E3" box="[1096,1269,1859,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FED2F8B6FF2CF83E" bold="true" box="[270,291,1894,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC1D438FEECF8B7FCBAF83E" ID-CoL="J5QR" authority="(Steindachner, 1879)" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1879" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[304,693,1894,1921]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FEECF8B7FFB2F83E" box="[304,445,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. caucanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Steindachner, 1879)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FD1EF8B7FCD8F83F" bold="true" box="[706,727,1895,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC1D438FD3FF8B7FA58F83F" ID-CoL="687DP" authority="(De Filippi, 1853)" authorityName="De Filippi" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="De Filippi" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[739,1111,1894,1921]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FD3FF8B7FD71F83E" box="[739,894,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
(De Filippi, 1853)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FBBCF8B7FA7BF83F" bold="true" box="[1120,1140,1895,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC1D438FB5DF8B7FFD9F81A" ID-CoL="J5QZ" authority="Bertaco, Carvalho & Jerep, 2010" authorityName="Bertaco, Carvalho & Jerep" authorityYear="2010" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="courensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FB5DF8B7FB01F83E" box="[1153,1294,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. courensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bertaco, Carvalho & Jerep, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified from Bertaco
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FD26F85AFD3AF81A" box="[762,821,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010). The anterior humeral spot consists of two overlapping layers of pigment identified by numbers 1 and 2 (see Román-Valencia
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FB44F87EFAC3F879" box="[1176,1228,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: fig. 1):
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FF61F800FEC3F854" bold="true" box="[189,204,2000,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</emphasis>
|
||
. Diffuse vertical bar.
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC1D438FE17F800FFD5F854" bold="true" box="[459,474,2000,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</emphasis>
|
||
. Horizontal spot with concentrated pigments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC0D439FF61FEDCFB78FED2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC0D439FF61FEDCFB78FEF7" blockId="5.[189,1399,267,364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC0D439FF61FEDCFB78FEF7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
7. Teeth present along two-thirds of the length of the maxilla ……………………………………… ………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC0D439FD7EFEFFFD32FEF7" authorityName="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega" authorityYear="2018" box="[674,829,302,329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bopiensis" status="nom. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC0D439FD7EFEFFFD32FEF7" bold="true" box="[674,829,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. bopiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8DE95798FFC0D439FC92FEFFFDC4FEF7" box="[846,971,303,329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="666AF813FFC0D439FBE2FEFEFAAFFEF6" box="[1086,1184,302,328]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
River drainage).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC0D439FF1DFE82FB78FED2" blockId="5.[189,1399,267,364]" box="[193,1399,338,364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC0D439FF1DFE82FB78FED2" box="[193,1399,338,364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
– Less than two-thirds of the length of the maxilla with teeth ………………………………………
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC0D439FAB4FE82FB78FED2" bold="true" box="[1384,1399,338,364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="1F5A2E54FFC0D439FF61FE5CFB78FE53" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC0D439FF61FE5CFB78FE77" blockId="5.[189,1399,396,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC0D439FF61FE5CFB78FE77" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
8. Lateral line with 43 or fewer scales ………………………………………………………………… ………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC0D439FE2EFE7FFC9BFE77" authority="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega, 2018" authorityName="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega" authorityYear="2018" box="[498,660,430,457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC0D439FE2EFE7FFC9BFE77" bold="true" box="[498,660,430,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8DE95798FFC0D439FD40FE7FFCF9FE77" box="[668,758,431,457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="666AF813FFC0D439FC8EFE7FFDBBFE77" box="[850,948,431,457]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
River drainage,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4475AC8BFFC0D439FBAAFE7FFB2DFE77" box="[1142,1314,431,457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Amazon
|
||
<location id="A171602AFFC0D439FB3DFE7FFB2DFE77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C0787E7FFC6D439FE34FDA5FB78FE53:A171602AFFC0D439FB3DFE7FFB2DFE77" box="[1249,1314,431,457]" municipality="Amazon River" name="River Basin" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Madeira">River</location>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Basin)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41136F1FFC0D439FF1DFE03FB78FE53" blockId="5.[189,1399,396,493]" box="[193,1399,466,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="1F5F95C4FFC0D439FF1DFE03FB78FE53" box="[193,1399,466,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
– Lateral line with 44 or more scales ……
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63AE4D72FFC0D439FD19FE02FA1BFE52" authority="(Boulenger, 1892)" authorityName="Ruiz-C & Román-Valencia & Taphorn & Buckup & Ortega" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[709,1044,466,492]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moorii" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DAEAE3FFC0D439FD19FE02FD38FE52" bold="true" box="[709,823,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. moorii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03F4B00FFC0D439FC9AFE02FA03FE52" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[838,1036,466,492]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="9 - 12" part="10 (55)" refId="ref19010" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1892. On some new or little-known fishes obtained by Dr. J. W. Evans and Mr. Spencer Moore during their recent expedition to the Province of Matto Grosso, Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) 10 (55) (art. 2): 9 - 12." title="On some new or little-known fishes obtained by Dr. J. W. Evans and Mr. Spencer Moore during their recent expedition to the Province of Matto Grosso, Brazil." type="journal article" year="1892">Boulenger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8DE95798FFC0D439FBC0FE02FA91FE53" box="[1052,1182,466,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Upper Paraguay)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |