625 lines
61 KiB
XML
625 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.21015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="073a27e5-9e94-4537-910d-218a4838aee3" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-61-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF0E50BFFD47D5DD400FFB5FF99FFD0" ID-ZBK="C761FAEB8FBE43D08CE41ED61A1F0A6D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138990" ID-ZooBank="C761FAEB8FBE43D08CE41ED61A1F0A6D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-61-49" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 61" ModsDocTitle="Cotesiaicipe sp. n., a new Microgastrinae wasp (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of importance in the biological control of Lepidopteran pests in Africa" checkinTime="1513795489529" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fiaboe, Komi K. M., Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Nyamu, Faith W. & Agbodzavu, Komi M." docDate="2017" docId="7383FCF7C28D22A45A3A13712D5F7F8F" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 61: 49-64" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 61" docPubDate="2017-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.21015" docTitle="Cotesia icipe Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E697611F-08A4-4CA7-B300-E35B50675BD9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="FFF0E50BFFD47D5DD400FFB5FF99FFD0" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFF0E50BFFD47D5DD400FFB5FF99FFD0" masterDocTitle="Cotesia icipe sp. n., a new Microgastrinae wasp (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of importance in the biological control of Lepidopteran pests in Africa" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1678749589581" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Cotesia icipe sp. n., a new Microgastrinae wasp (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of importance in the biological control of Lepidopteran pests in Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Fiaboe, Komi K. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Unit, P. O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kfiaboe@icipe.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-0309</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cnc.braconidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Nyamu, Faith W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Unit, P. O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Agbodzavu, Komi M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Unit, P. O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2017-12-20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>61</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.21015</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.21015</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-61-49</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C761FAEB8FBE43D08CE41ED61A1F0A6D</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF0E50BFFD47D5DD400FFB5FF99FFD0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138990</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="139432861" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E697611F-08A4-4CA7-B300-E35B50675BD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7383FCF7C28D22A45A3A13712D5F7F8F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E697611F-08A4-4CA7-B300-E35B50675BD9" authority="Fernández-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe" status="sp. n.">
|
||
Cotesia icipe
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Fiaboe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="51">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Female, Kenya, NMK. Holotype locality: Yatta. Holotype labels: KENYA, Yatta,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.59" value="-1.2304417">1°13'49.59"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.41" value="37.457893">37°27'28.41"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1184m, coll. ICIPE. Voucher code: CNC507547.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="52" start="start">Paratypes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3 females (CNC507548, CNC507549, CNC507553), 3 males (CNC50750, CNC50751, CNC50752); same locality of holotype. Paratypes deposited in the CNC, ICIPE and NMK.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="other specimens considered as this species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Other specimens considered as this species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
There are 10 DNA barcodes in BOLD from Madagascar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Yemen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neighbor-joining tree (K 2 P) of all specimens in the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) currently associated with BIN BOLD: ABZ 7318 (for explanation on the BIN concept see Methods of this paper). The cluster highlighted in Yellow in the tree shows the specimens considered in the present paper as Cotesia icipe." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175001" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) whose sequences match those of the Yemen holotype and paratypes and thus we consider them all as conspecific. However we only include in the type series those specimens from Kenya that we were able to examine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Metasoma with T3 dark brown to black centrally, yellow laterally; hind legs mostly yellow, except for metacoxa (mostly black, with small yellow spot on apical 0.1), brown spots on apical 0.1 of metafemur (dorsally), apical 0.1 of metatibia dark brown, and metatarsus entirely dark brown; tegula and humeral complex yellow; fore wing with most veins brown. Besides coloration,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has scuto-scutellar sulcus with eight carinae; T1 almost parallel-sided, very slightly widening towards posterior margin; T2 relatively small, quadrate and not covering the entire surface of the tergum, and T3 1.3x as long as T2 length. The above combination of characters is sufficient to separate the species from all other described species of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but see the Detailed diagnosis section below for one-to-one comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus every other species. Beyond morphological characters, from a molecular perspective there is also sufficient information to recognize the new species. Eight out of the 12 previously described Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have DNA barcodes available in BOLD (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Neighbor-joining tree (K 2 P) of Afrotropical species of Cotesia in the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) with over 500 base pairs; data accessed on September 2017. Specimens named as " Cotesia jft 52 " in BOLD actually belong to the species Cotesia icipe (cluster highlighted in Yellow), and specimens named as " Cotesia jft 68 " in BOLD actually belong to the species Cotesia chrysippi (Viereck, 1911)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175002" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and they are all clearly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Female (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cotesia icipe, female holotype. A Habitus lateral B Wings C Hind leg, hypopygium and ovipositor D Head frontal E Head and mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum and metasoma dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174998" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasoma brown dorsally, except for T3 (which is centrally brown, laterally yellow); most of laterotergites and sternites yellow, hypopygium brown; F2 length 1.78-2.00
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
F14 length; metafemur length 3.60-3.80
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
metafemur width; metatibia inner spur length 1.17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
metatibia outer spur length; metatibia inner spur length 0.52
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
first segment of metatarsus length; T1 entirely sculptured with coarse punctures and a polished knob centrally on posterior margin; T1 very slightly widening towards posterior margin (width at posterior margin 1.1-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its width at anterior margin); T1 length centrally 1.5-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its width at posterior margin; T2 entirely sculptured, with coarse punctures along all margins and longitudinal striation centrally; T2 more or less rectangular, width at posterior margin 2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its length centrally; T3 smooth, with rows of setae that are more dense on posterior half of tergite; T3 length centrally 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
T2 length centrally; ovipositor sheaths length 0.16-0.19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
metatibia length.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Body measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(all in mm). Body length: 2.20-2.50; fore wing length: 2.20-2.50; ovipositor sheaths: 0.12-0.15; metafemur length 0.65; metafemur width: 0.17-0.18; metatibia length: 0.76-0.80; metatibia inner spur: 0.21; metatibia outer spur: 0.18; first segment of metatarsus: 0.40. T1 length centrally: 0.35-0.37; T1 width at anterior margin: 0.19; T1 maximum width: 0.25; T1 width at posterior margin: 0.22-0.24; T2 width at posterior margin: 0.32; T2 length centrally: 0.16; T3 length centrally: 0.21; length of F1: 0.17-0.19; length of F2: 0.16-0.18; length of F3: 0.16-0.17; length of F14: 0.09; length of F 15: 0.08; length of F16: 0.10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138992" doi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174998" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female holotype.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B</emphasis>
|
||
Wings
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
|
||
Hind leg, hypopygium and ovipositor
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">D</emphasis>
|
||
Head frontal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">E</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">F</emphasis>
|
||
Propodeum and metasoma dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cotesia icipe, male paratype. A Habitus lateral B Head and mesosoma dorsal C Head frontal D Wings E Propodeum and metasoma dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174999" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). As female but with darker metasoma dorsally, sometimes with T3 entirely dark brown to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138994" doi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174999" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
||
Head frontal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
|
||
Wings
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
|
||
Propodeum and metasoma dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="54" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Based on 4,000+ parasitism cases observed under laboratory condition at
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Kenya,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a solitary larval endoparasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Spodoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spodoptera littoralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Spodoptera littoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boisduval, 1833) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Spodoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spodoptera exigua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Spodoptera exigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1808) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It was
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="start">successfully</pageBreakToken>
|
||
reported to attack those two noctuid species tested on amaranth. However, it failed to parasitize three
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species tested on the same host plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spoladea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spoladea recurvalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Spoladea recurvalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1775),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1796" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Udea ferrugalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1796) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1794" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Herpetogramma bipunctalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Herpetogramma bipunctalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1794). Further studies of host range are warranted to explore the full potential of the new species in the biological control of key pests in small scale farming conditions in Africa. The female prefers ovipositing on second instar host larvae. The development time from egg to adult is two weeks and ovipositing females fed with honey can live more than two weeks at 25°C (our unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Afrotropical: Kenya, Madagascar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Yemen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Known distribution of Cotesia icipe in the Afrotropical region. Blue dots show distribution based on specimens of the type series (Kenya), red dots show distribution based on specimens with DNA barcodes matching those of the Kenya series." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175000" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138996" doi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175000" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Afrotropical region. Blue dots show distribution based on specimens of the type series (Kenya), red dots show distribution based on specimens with DNA barcodes matching those of the Kenya series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="dna barcodes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Currently (as of September 2017) there are in BOLD 19 available sequences from five Afrotropical countries: Kenya (9 sequences), Madagascar (1), Saudi Arabia (3), South Africa (1) and Yemen (5). Although we could not examine the specimens from Saudi Arabia or South Africa, their sequences are identical to the rest, and thus we consider them all to represent the species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They belong to BIN BOLD:ABZ7318; however, that BIN is likely to contain more than one species, as the sequences currently assigned to it are grouped in different clusters (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neighbor-joining tree (K 2 P) of all specimens in the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) currently associated with BIN BOLD: ABZ 7318 (for explanation on the BIN concept see Methods of this paper). The cluster highlighted in Yellow in the tree shows the specimens considered in the present paper as Cotesia icipe." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175001" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Afrotropical sequences are in a single cluster, separated by more than 1% differ
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="56" start="start">ent</pageBreakToken>
|
||
base pairs from the other sequences in that BIN (from Australia, French Polynesia and Pakistan, all in separate clusters). Solving the species limits for this BIN is beyond the scope of this paper, but for the time being we consider that only the Afrotropical sequences represent
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138998" doi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175001" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbor-joining tree (K2P) of all specimens in the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) currently associated with BIN BOLD:ABZ7318 (for explanation on the BIN concept see Methods of this paper). The cluster highlighted in Yellow in the tree shows the specimens considered in the present paper as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1139000" doi="10.3897/jhr.61.21015.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175002" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbor-joining tree (K2P) of Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) with over 500 base pairs; data accessed on September 2017. Specimens named as "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
jft52" in BOLD actually belong to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cluster highlighted in Yellow), and specimens named as "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
jft68" in BOLD actually belong to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia chrysippi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysippi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia chrysippi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Viereck, 1911).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
We dedicate this species to the "International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)" for its long-term promotion of Integrated Pest Management and for building the capacity of thousands of African young scientists over the years in insect sciences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="detailed diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Detailed diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Additionally, and to facilitate future work on the group, we detail below how each of the other 12 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously described from the Afrotropics individually differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia bignellii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bignellii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia bignellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Marshall, 1885) has metasoma (entirely) and hind legs (mostly) dark brown, very different from the body color of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as detailed above.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. bignellii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bignellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. bignellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also parasitizes a different family of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and it is mostly distributed in Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia chrysippi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysippi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia chrysippi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Viereck, 1911) parasitizes a different family of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it has a very different color, with a reddish-brown metasoma dorsally, dark brown tegula and humeral complex and fore wing with most veins white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Granger" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia decaryi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Granger, 1949) is only known from Madagascar and probably represents a local endemic from that country. It parasitizes a different family of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lasiocampidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has metacoxa mostly smooth (rugose-punctate in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), T1 clearly widens towards posterior margin, T2 covers most of the tergum dorsally, and T3 is about the same length than T2 (T3 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as T2 length in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flagellator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flagellator">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia flagellator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wilkinson, 1930) is only known from Uganda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it has scuto-scutellar sulcus with 4-5 (very rarely 6) major carinae (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 8-9, rarely 7 major carinae); metacoxa mostly smooth, with only indefinite coarse punctures anterodorsally (metacoxa mostly with shallow punctures in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); T2 2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide at posterior margin (2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); T3 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as T2 length (1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Three related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron 1891,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia sesamiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sesamiae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia sesamiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron, 1906) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia typhae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2017, have all been recently revised in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" author="Kaiser, L" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="105 - 136" refId="B16" refString="Kaiser, L, Fernandez-Triana, J, Capdevielle-Dulac, C, Chantre, C, Bodet, M, Kaoula, F, Benoist, R, Calatayud, P, Dupas, S, Herniou, EA, Jeannette, R, Obonyo, J, Silvain, JF, Le Ru, B, 2017. Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" title="Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" volume="682" year="2017">Kaiser et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including extensive illustrations. They are all part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cotesia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex and can be distinguished by relatively short antennae (much shorter than body length, usually not surpassing the length of head and mesosoma; whereas the antenna of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is comparatively much longer, about as long as body), body relatively depressed, and metasoma extensively to slightly pale in coloration (yellow, orange or light brown) but clearly much lighter in color than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Beyond the substantial morphological differences these three species parasitize different host species within the families
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" author="Kaiser, L" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="105 - 136" refId="B16" refString="Kaiser, L, Fernandez-Triana, J, Capdevielle-Dulac, C, Chantre, C, Bodet, M, Kaoula, F, Benoist, R, Calatayud, P, Dupas, S, Herniou, EA, Jeannette, R, Obonyo, J, Silvain, JF, Le Ru, B, 2017. Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" title="Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" volume="682" year="2017">Kaiser et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia pistrinariae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistrinariae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="57" start="start">Cotesia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
pistrinariae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wilkinson, 1929) has a strongly narrowed T1 centrally, which is unique among all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; extensive illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia pistrinariae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistrinariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia pistrinariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.8090" author="Gupta, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="29 - 44" refId="B13" refString="Gupta, A, Shaw, M, Cardinal, S, Fernandez-Triana, J, 2016. A review of unusual species of Cotesia (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the first tergite narrowing at midlength. ZooKeys 580: 29 - 44, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.8090" title="A review of unusual species of Cotesia (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the first tergite narrowing at midlength." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.8090" volume="580" year="2016">Gupta et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It also parasitizes a different family of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia vestalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestalis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia vestalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Haliday, 1834) has T1 clearly widening towards posterior margin and T2 covering most of the tergum dorsally, both tergites are also much more coarsely sculptured than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the coxae (especially pro- and mesocoxae) are also darker colored as compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia icipe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are many host records attributed to this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some of them dubious; they include mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Plutellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plutellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a couple of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species different from those parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia vanessae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia vanessae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Reinhard, 1880) is mostly a Palearctic species, recently found to have spread into the Nearctic (Hervet et al. 2014), and only marginally distributed in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has tegula and humeral complex dark brown to black, metasoma entirely black dorsally, and legs mostly dark brown. Numerous host records, some of them certainly inaccurate, are attributed to this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Of all described Afrotropical species
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia ruficrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficrus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia ruficrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Haliday, 1834) looks most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a morphological perspective; however, it has T1 clearly wider at posterior margin as compared to anterior margin (almost the same width in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); T2 covers most of the tergum surface; and vein R1 in fore wing is comparatively much shorter, about the same length of pterostigma, and with the distance between end of vein R1 and the end of vein 3RSb being more than 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of vein R1 (in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the vein R1 in fore wing is comparatively much longer, clearly longer than pterostigma length, and with the distance between end of vein R1 and the end of vein 3RSb being less than 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of vein R1); also, the overall coloration is lighter and more reddish than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, from a biological point of view,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. ruficrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficrus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. ruficrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a gregarious parasitoid while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a solitary parasitoid. Numerous host records, some of them certainly inaccurate, are attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. ruficrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficrus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. ruficrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication No. 1. International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington D. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DSK, Van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Szepligeti" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia rugosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Cotesia rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1914) presents the most difficult case to assess, as it is only known from the male holotype, collected in 1912 at an altitude of 2,000 m, on the western side and near of Mount Kenya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" refId="B30" refString="Szepligeti, G, 1914. Braconidae. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale 1911-1912 - Resultats scientifiques, Hymenoptera 4: 168-198." title="Braconidae. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale 1911 - 1912 - Resultats scientifiques, Hymenoptera 4: 168 - 198." year="1914">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1914
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie)" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B21" refString="Papp, J, 2008. Szepligeti's braconid type specimens deposited in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 30 (1): 1 - 12" title="Szepligeti's braconid type specimens deposited in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="30" year="2008">Papp 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected not too far from that locality, at close to 1,200 m. However, and according to the original description,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. rugosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has different colored legs, including many red areas (legs mostly yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a few areas brown); tegula reddish-brown (yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); T2 as long as T3 (0.7-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); T1 is described as 'almost
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="transversal’">transversal'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" refId="B30" refString="Szepligeti, G, 1914. Braconidae. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale 1911-1912 - Resultats scientifiques, Hymenoptera 4: 168-198." title="Braconidae. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale 1911 - 1912 - Resultats scientifiques, Hymenoptera 4: 168 - 198." year="1914">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1914
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 184) which, within the context of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described in that paper, seems to indicate that T1 is strongly widened towards posterior margin, i.e., T1 width at posterior margin is about as long as T1 length medially (whereas T1 is 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide at posterior margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. icipe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C. icipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |