171 lines
16 KiB
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171 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3741.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cda8221f-6f1b-45cf-accc-4fcb12093497" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219275" ID-ZooBank="802C4889-15B0-4632-955D-9E2089152DF5" checkinTime="1460702904511" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A." docDate="2013" docId="256387E5FFE82B535AD1FA5A71FD6EC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03741p193.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3741 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@1aabf50d" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Apelaunothrips" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="D95AFF9DFFEA2B505A46FFFC704B6F5C" masterDocTitle="Species diversity in the Palaeotropical leaf-litter genus Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1636600399557" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Species diversity in the Palaeotropical leaf-litter genus Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3741</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>181</mods:start>
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<mods:end>193</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3741.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">cda8221f-6f1b-45cf-accc-4fcb12093497</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">219275</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">802C4889-15B0-4632-955D-9E2089152DF5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5673053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119583456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5673053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:256387E5FFE82B535AD1FA5A71FD6EC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/256387E5FFE82B535AD1FA5A71FD6EC6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,619,1446,1472]" box="[151,619,1446,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,619,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,619,1446,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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Species-groups within
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<taxonomicName box="[432,619,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[432,619,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Apelaunothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1517,2009]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,410]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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One group of species, the
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<taxonomicName box="[469,583,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stigmothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
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<emphasis box="[469,583,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">consimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, shares the presence on the vertex of transverse striae or narrow transverse reticulation (
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<figureCitation box="[414,481,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1998,2021]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,462,1974]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1429,462,1974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Apelaunothrips species, head & pronotum. (1) aokii; (2) bogor sp. n.; (3) consimilis; (4) gombak sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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Fig.
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<number box="[466,481,1551,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="3.0">3</number>
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</figureCitation>
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), and most of these also have the eighth antennal segment not constricted into a basal neck (
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<figureCitation box="[227,373,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1134,1157]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,195,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[157,1429,195,1110]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Apelaunothrips species, antennae. (16) bogor sp. n.; (17) consimilis; (18) desleyae sp. n.; (19) flavicornis; (20) gombak sp. n.; (21) madrasensis; (22) medioflavus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219279/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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Figs
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<number box="[292,373,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="17.19">17, 19</number>
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</figureCitation>
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). These species include:
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<emphasis box="[685,777,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">armatus</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis box="[799,897,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">bhowalii</emphasis>
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;
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<taxonomicName box="[920,1033,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stigmothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
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<emphasis box="[920,1033,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">consimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis box="[1057,1157,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">fasciatus</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis box="[1180,1286,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">femoralis</emphasis>
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;
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<taxonomicName box="[1308,1428,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis box="[1308,1428,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">flavicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis box="[151,275,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">malayensis</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis box="[290,447,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">philippinensis</emphasis>
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. In addition,
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<emphasis box="[597,725,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">nigripennis</emphasis>
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lacks a basal neck on antennal segment VIII, but has almost no sculpture medially on the vertex. However, loss of sculpture on the vertex is a character state that could be polyphyletic, and
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<emphasis box="[355,482,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">nigripennis</emphasis>
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is possibly related to the
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<taxonomicName box="[779,893,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stigmothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
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<emphasis box="[779,893,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">consimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. Another group of species has the vertex with equiangular reticulation (
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<figureCitation box="[488,553,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1998,2021]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,462,1974]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1429,462,1974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Apelaunothrips species, head & pronotum. (1) aokii; (2) bogor sp. n.; (3) consimilis; (4) gombak sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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Fig.
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<number box="[540,553,1718,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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), and amongst these
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<taxonomicName box="[788,844,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aokii">
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<emphasis box="[788,844,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">aokii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis box="[857,946,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">haradai</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[999,1085,1718,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">
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<emphasis box="[999,1085,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">zonatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are particularly closely related, although
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<taxonomicName box="[259,344,1751,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">
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<emphasis box="[259,344,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">zonatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the reticulation reduced on at least the posterior part of the vertex. Males of
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<emphasis box="[1297,1386,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">haradai</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[151,237,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">
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<emphasis box="[151,237,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">zonatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are remarkable in having on the fore femora a large, curved basal tubercle (
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<figureCitation box="[1133,1219,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Apelaunothrips species. (9) aokii pelta & tergites II – III; (10) bogor sp. n. metanotum & pelta; (11) bogor sp. n. tergites II – III; (12) gombak sp. n. pelta & tergite II: (13) zonatus metanotum & pelta; (14) bogor sp. n. male head & fore legs; (15) zonatus male fore leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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Fig.
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<number box="[1189,1219,1783,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="15.0">15</number>
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</figureCitation>
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), but the available samples are insufficient to tell if small males of these species will lack this structure, as discussed below concerning variation in the fore femur of
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<taxonomicName box="[644,711,1850,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogor">
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<emphasis box="[644,711,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">bogor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[731,818,1850,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Apelaunothrips species. (9) aokii pelta & tergites II – III; (10) bogor sp. n. metanotum & pelta; (11) bogor sp. n. tergites II – III; (12) gombak sp. n. pelta & tergite II: (13) zonatus metanotum & pelta; (14) bogor sp. n. male head & fore legs; (15) zonatus male fore leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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Fig.
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<number box="[787,818,1851,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="14.0">14</number>
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</figureCitation>
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). Males of the latter species are particularly unusual because they are dimorphic, either large or small with no intermediates, in contrast to the normal situation amongst
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<taxonomicName box="[151,327,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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in which structural variation related to body size is continuous within any given species. Three further species have the vertex fully reticulate;
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<emphasis box="[690,810,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">marginalis</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[868,968,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">rostratus</emphasis>
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appear to be closely related, but
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<emphasis box="[1350,1435,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">tricolor</emphasis>
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remains known only from a single specimen that is difficult to assess. All six of these species with the vertex reticulate also have antennal segment VIII with a basal neck, and a similar constricted neck to this segment (
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1134,1157]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,195,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[157,1429,195,1110]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Apelaunothrips species, antennae. (16) bogor sp. n.; (17) consimilis; (18) desleyae sp. n.; (19) flavicornis; (20) gombak sp. n.; (21) madrasensis; (22) medioflavus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219279/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
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Figs
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<number box="[151,222,185,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22</number>
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</figureCitation>
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) occurs in the remaining species of this genus that lack sculpture medially on the vertex. A further group of closely related species is evident at couplets
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<number box="[657,685,218,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" value="26.0">26</number>
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and
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<quantity box="[741,799,218,243]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="in" value="27.0">27 in</quantity>
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the key below;
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<emphasis box="[981,1068,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">spinalis</emphasis>
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differs in having a rather longer head, but there are only weak differences recorded between
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<taxonomicName box="[861,927,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogor">
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<emphasis box="[861,927,252,277]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">bogor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis box="[946,1042,252,277]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">limbatus</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[1105,1214,252,277]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">longidens</emphasis>
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. The last of these,
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<emphasis box="[151,260,285,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">longidens</emphasis>
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, was described as having five sensoria on the fourth antennal segment, with an extra sensorium on the external margin about one third of the length of the segment from the apex, but this requires further confirmation. Similarly, variation in the number of sensoria on the third antennal segment is discussed below in
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<taxonomicName box="[1252,1387,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Apelaunothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medioflavus">
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<emphasis box="[1252,1387,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">medioflavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the
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<typeStatus box="[151,199,386,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">type</typeStatus>
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species of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |