256 lines
31 KiB
XML
256 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="80F091FF37E94D7B11FAE7AABE172CF8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5415.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10693050" ID-ZooBank="F26C5296-222C-4E8F-9F7A-4D91A8EDDAD1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1708604019559" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="David, Patrick & Vogel, Gernot" docDate="2024" docId="03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5415.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5415 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hypsiscopus wettsteini David & Vogel 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="FFD5FF806818FF9BFFD9FFBF533EFFE9" masterDocTitle="On the status of Helicops wettsteini Amaral, 1929, a senior synonym of Hypsiscopus murphyi (SERPENTES: Homalopsidae)" masterLastPageNumber="308" masterPageNumber="300" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1709040944269" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8EA3340BF10177833ED0346E53074744">
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<mods:title id="AFF51AD4073DC1E331F5EFA7248E56AE">On the status of Helicops wettsteini Amaral, 1929, a senior synonym of Hypsiscopus murphyi (SERPENTES: Homalopsidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="161188B0242E827CBBACAB9B001F50C6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4548FBA01AE5A9B04F862128A094BE0A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="32753819774CBD2E81278665AB8BC0A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5B6BE15FCB9259BA936C6A84E0A3BC81">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3416D49AD93269F576AFC26DBCECBE8">Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université des Antilles, CNRS, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75005 Paris, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="71145CBC9B9D74B53FF49F128545AFA5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D4CBA378EBE9B7A748C8FEA479D013F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="264E3FA2E799E5BE6FC678B3CBEFAABA">Vogel, Gernot</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B70DD674ABA6F6DA2D01232510076334">Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université des Antilles, CNRS, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75005 Paris, France. & Society for Southeast Asian Herpetology, Im Sand 3, D- 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. & Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université des Antilles, CNRS, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75005 Paris, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1ED741EF7879C2844EAD9DAFB8D99432">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="19ADE8B78CC59C2A075D580DA8879760">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7054A691525958E99942CCA8B5300B46">
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<mods:date id="9FE29C2D86C555C47EF4EFAEDF4C52A8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="268EC097795E939F7EB7BF047A141016">2024-02-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C7C1D84F87B841F5089CBA5839AAD5EA">5415</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6A32CDDBB3082F4EAFA1C50999588F48">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="427C964A468104C93A435395BE86357D" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="715CE63E2EAFAC91739B443CF8A11473">300</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="065095E792372273A80CFD3EF99D1132">308</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="F18780217E4CDCCC9D34DAF4DEC1D507">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.2.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="57499B4EB18F1B1157884BC336B78131">journal article</mods:classification>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<subSubSection id="C35F6565681EFF9DFF4EFBAB5296FBC7" box="[151,424,1044,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36EE681EFF9DFF4EFBAB5296FBC7" blockId="6.[151,424,1044,1070]" box="[151,424,1044,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<heading id="D0B28182681EFF9DFF4EFBAB5296FBC7" bold="true" box="[151,424,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681EFF9DFF4EFBAB5296FBC7" ID-CoL="3K96S" authorityName="David & Vogel" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="David & Vogel" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,424,1044,1070]" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Hypsiscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
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<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFF4EFBAB5296FBC7" bold="true" box="[151,424,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Hypsiscopus wettsteini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6565681EFF9DFF4EFBE75722F914" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36EE681EFF9DFF4EFBE75177FB47" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5511C0681EFF9DFF4EFBE75177FB47" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE410FF681EFF9DFF4EFBE7511FFB99" author="Amaral, A." box="[151,545,1112,1136]" page="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" year="1929">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681EFF9DFF4EFBE7511FFB99" authority="Amaral, 1929: 40" authorityName="Amaral" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,545,1112,1136]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Helicops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
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<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFF4EFBE7511FFB99" bold="true" box="[151,545,1112,1136]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFF4EFBE75263FB99" bold="true" box="[151,349,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Helicops wettsteini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFEBAFBE7511FFB99" author="Amaral, A." box="[355,545,1112,1136]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="40" refId="ref4821" refString="Amaral, A. (1929) Studies of Neotropical Ophidia. XIII: A new colubrine snake in the collection of the Vienna Museum. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America, 3 (2), 40." type="journal article" year="1929">Amaral, 1929: 40</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFD98FBE651F2FB99" bold="true" box="[577,716,1112,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Type locality</emphasis>
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. “
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<materialsCitation id="3B2D3CB3681EFF9DFD3DFBE65177FB47" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="Mr. Garlepp" country="Costa Rica" location="San Juan de Vinas" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" specimenCode="NMW 18726" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cartago Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="8E9A6035681EFF9DFD3DFBE6509DFB99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C:8E9A6035681EFF9DFD3DFBE6509DFB99" box="[740,931,1112,1137]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Juan de Vinas" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" stateProvince="Cartago Province">San Juan de Viñas</location>
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(1000 ms alt.),
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<location id="8E9A6035681EFF9DFB90FBE75672FB99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C:8E9A6035681EFF9DFB90FBE75672FB99" box="[1097,1356,1112,1136]" country="Costa Rica" name="base of Volcano Turialba" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" stateProvince="Cartago Province">base of Volcano Turialba</location>
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, central Costa Rica”, now
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<location id="8E9A6035681EFF9DFE53FBC85178FB66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C:8E9A6035681EFF9DFE53FBC85178FB66" box="[394,582,1143,1167]" country="Costa Rica" name="Turrialba Volcano" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" stateProvince="Cartago Province">Turrialba Volcano</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4981F80C681EFF9DFD8AFBC85035FB66" box="[595,779,1143,1167]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Cartago Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFCC1FBC850B2FB66" box="[792,908,1143,1167]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, in error.—
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<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFBDEFBC85754FB66" bold="true" box="[1031,1130,1143,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFBDEFBC85754FB66" box="[1031,1130,1143,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<specimenCode id="DBE39E95681EFF9DFBA3FBC75638FB66" box="[1146,1286,1143,1167]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">NMW 18726</specimenCode>
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, adult female; collected by
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<collectorName id="26B05338681EFF9DFE90FB2952F9FB47" box="[329,455,1174,1198]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Mr. Garlepp</collectorName>
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, 1911–1912.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFA36EE681EFF9DFF4EFB0A5754FAC0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5511C0681EFF9DFF4EFB0A5754FAC0" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE410FF681EFF9DFF4EFB0A5247FB02" author="Bernstein, J. M. & Voris, H. K. & Stuart, B. L. & Phimmachak, S. & Seateun, S. & Sivongxay, N. & Neang, T. & Karns, D. R. & Andrews, H. L. & Osterhage, J. & Phipps, E. A. & Ruane, S." page="565" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" year="2022">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681EFF9DFF4EFB0A5247FB02" authority="Bernstein, Voris, Stuart, Phimmachak, Seateun, Sivongxay, Neang, Karns, Andrews, Osterhage, Phipps & Ruane, 2022: 565" authorityName="Bernstein, Voris, Stuart, Phimmachak, Seateun, Sivongxay, Neang, Karns, Andrews, Osterhage, Phipps & Ruane" authorityPageNumber="565" authorityYear="2022" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Hypsiscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphyi">
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<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFF4EFB0A524FFB25" box="[151,369,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Hypsiscopus murphyi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFEAEFB0B5247FB02" author="Bernstein, J. M. & Voris, H. K. & Stuart, B. L. & Phimmachak, S. & Seateun, S. & Sivongxay, N. & Neang, T. & Karns, D. R. & Andrews, H. L. & Osterhage, J. & Phipps, E. A. & Ruane, S." pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="561 - 574" refId="ref4994" refString="Bernstein, J. M., Voris, H. K., Stuart, B. L., Phimmachak, S., Seateun, S., Sivongxay, N., Neang, T., Karns, D. R., Andrews, H. L., Osterhage, J., Phipps, E. A. & Ruane, S. (2022) Undescribed Diversity in a Widespread, Common Group of Asian Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus). Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110 (3), 561 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / h 2022015" type="journal article" year="2022">Bernstein, Voris, Stuart, Phimmachak, Seateun, Sivongxay, Neang, Karns, Andrews, Osterhage, Phipps & Ruane, 2022: 565</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137E2A6B681EFF9DFE5BFB6C52E2FB02" box="[386,476,1235,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[458,1130,179,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-36@3.[458,1130,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Helicops wettsteini, specimen NMW 18726:1, holotype. A. General dorsal view.—B. General ventral view.—C. Dorsal view of the head.—D. Lateral view of the head, right side. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10693054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10693054/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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–4,
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<location id="8E9A6035681EFF9DFDDDFB6C51B1FB02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87F8681EFF9CFF4EFBAB51A3FD6C:8E9A6035681EFF9DFDDDFB6C51B1FB02" box="[516,655,1235,1259]" country="Laos" county="Gnommalath District" latitude="17.581919" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.21998" municipality="Ban Phak Phoung" name="Supplemental" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" stateProvince="Khammouan">Supplemental</location>
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<figureCitation id="137E2A6B681EFF9DFD4DFB6C51D2FB02" box="[660,748,1235,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[458,1130,179,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-36@3.[458,1130,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Helicops wettsteini, specimen NMW 18726:1, holotype. A. General dorsal view.—B. General ventral view.—C. Dorsal view of the head.—D. Lateral view of the head, right side. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10693054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10693054/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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||
–9.—Type locality.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9EAC94681EFF9DFC6FFB6B5755FB02" box="[950,1131,1235,1259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Ban Phak Phoung</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE715029681EFF9DFBAAFB6C563BFB02" box="[1139,1285,1235,1259]" degrees="17.581918" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" precision="1" value="17.581919">17.581918°N-</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE715029681EFF9DFADCFB6C56A7FB02" box="[1285,1433,1235,1259]" degrees="105.219978" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" precision="1" value="105.21998">105.219978°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCounty id="629B4E62681EFF9DFF1EFB4D529EFAE3" box="[199,416,1266,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Gnommalath District</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="4981F80C681EFF9DFE70FB4D51B1FAE3" box="[425,655,1266,1290]" country="Laos" name="Khammouan" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Khammouan Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFD41FB4D51F2FAE0" box="[664,716,1266,1289]" name="Laos" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Laos</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<elevation id="0068D1DD681EFF9DFD0FFB4D507FFAE3" box="[726,833,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="167.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B0B681EFF9DFD0FFB4D5028FAE0" box="[726,790,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.
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||
</elevation>
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||
—
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||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFC84FB4D50FBFAE3" box="[861,965,1266,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
. NCSM 85490, adult male; collected by
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||
<collectorName id="26B05338681EFF9DFA87FB4D521CFAC0" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Bryan L. Stuart</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26B05338681EFF9DFEF5FAAF52E2FAC1" box="[300,476,1296,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Niane Sivongxay</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26B05338681EFF9DFE3EFAAF519CFAC0" box="[487,674,1296,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Sengvilay Seateun</collectorName>
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||
and
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||
<collectorName id="26B05338681EFF9DFD0DFAAF50E6FAC1" box="[724,984,1296,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Monekham Davanhkham</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFFB102E681EFF9DFC38FAAE5759FAC0" box="[993,1127,1296,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" value="2014-07-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFBFE9C6681EFF9DFC38FAAE5759FAC0" box="[993,1127,1296,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" value="2014-07-11">11 July 2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFA36EE681EFF9DFF4EFAE85722F914" blockId="6.[151,1437,1367,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
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We take the opportunity of the present paper to discuss the name-bearing type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681EFF9DFB50FAE853F2FA7C" ID-CoL="6LYK2" authority="H. Boie" authorityName="H. Boie" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFB50FAE85646FA98" box="[1161,1400,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Homalopsis plumbea</emphasis>
|
||
H. Boie
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFF0BFAC453D6FA7D" box="[210,232,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">in</emphasis>
|
||
F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFED1FAC452BAFA7C" author="Boie, F." box="[264,388,1403,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="508 - 566" refId="ref5112" refString="Boie, F. (1827) Bemerkungen uber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg. 1820. 1 te Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20 (10), columns 508 - 566." type="journal article" year="1827">Boie, 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species was described from an unknown number of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFBDBFAC45759FA7C" box="[1026,1127,1403,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, but at least
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD67681EFF9DFB34FAC45641FA7C" box="[1261,1407,1403,1429]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">two syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
as can be ascertained from F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFE1AFA205162FA50" author="Boie, F." box="[451,604,1439,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="508 - 566" refId="ref5112" refString="Boie, F. (1827) Bemerkungen uber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg. 1820. 1 te Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20 (10), columns 508 - 566." type="journal article" year="1827">Boie’s (1827)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
text in which he mentioned two values of subcaudal scales. We did not try to trace these original name-bearing types but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFD4EFA7C5071FA34" author="Gyi, K. K." box="[663,847,1475,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="47 - 223" refId="ref5365" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 20 (2), 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi’s (1970: 82)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
statement that specimen RMNH.RENA.1163 should be considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFEBFFA5852F6F9E8" box="[358,456,1511,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is erroneous. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFCDCFA58572DF9E8" author="Murphy, J. C. & Voris, H. K." box="[773,1043,1511,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref5481" refString="Murphy, J. C. & Voris, H. K. (2014) A checklist and key to the Homalopsid Snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the description of new genera. Fieldiana: Life and Earth Sciences, 8, i - iv + 1 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.3158 / 2158 - 5520 - 14.8.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Murphy & Voris (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also overlooked that there were at least
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD67681EFF9DFF0AF9B45259F9CC" box="[211,359,1547,1573]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">two syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
and followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFDD4F9B451B4F9CC" author="Gyi, K. K." box="[525,650,1547,1573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="47 - 223" refId="ref5365" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 20 (2), 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in mentioning a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFC94F9B4508DF9CC" box="[845,947,1547,1573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFC67F9B457D6F9CC" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[958,1256,1547,1573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" refId="ref5841" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, xvii + 1209 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFBF8F9B4576AF9CC" box="[1057,1108,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014: 268)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFF4EF990522DF9A0" author="Gyi, K. K." box="[151,275,1583,1609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="47 - 223" refId="ref5365" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 20 (2), 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFE72F990512BF9A0" box="[427,533,1583,1609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, according to Art. 74.5 of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFC0CF990572EF9A0" box="[981,1040,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Code</emphasis>
|
||
(I. C. Z. N. 1999), this statement is also erroneous as the “subsequent use of the term ‘holotype’ does not constitute a valid
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFBB1F9EC57F1F984" box="[1128,1231,1619,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation”. The second part of Art. 74.5 being irrelevant to the present case, Gyi’s use of the term “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFBE5F9C8579DF978" box="[1084,1187,1655,1681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
” cannot constitute the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFE8FF92452FEF95C" box="[342,448,1691,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Furthermore, following Art. 74.6, as the original description clearly implies that there were at least
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD67681EFF9DFEF0F90052ECF930" box="[297,466,1727,1753]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, there cannot be here a fixation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFC8AF9005084F930" box="[851,954,1727,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by inference of “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFBA3F90057DAF930" box="[1146,1252,1727,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
”. We follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFAABF90053DCF914" author="Gyi, K. K." pageId="6" pageNumber="306" pagination="47 - 223" refId="ref5365" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 20 (2), 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in considering specimen RMNH.RENA.1163 as one of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD67681EFF9DFC58F95C5726F914" box="[897,1048,1763,1789]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">two syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6565681EFF9CFF1EF8B851A3FD6C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36EE681EFF9CFF1EF8B85731FE44" blockId="6.[151,1437,1367,2041]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">
|
||
It remains to be established how
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD67681EFF9DFD93F8B851CDF8C8" box="[586,755,1799,1825]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of an Asian species were deposited as coming from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFA85F8B853F0F8AC" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD67681EFF9DFEC8F89452BEF8AC" box="[273,384,1835,1861]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681EFF9DFE75F89451BAF8AD" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1929" box="[428,644,1835,1861]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Helicops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFE75F89451BAF8AD" box="[428,644,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Helicops wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected by “Garlepp”, namely either Gustav Garlepp (1862– 1907) or, much more likely, his brother Otto Garlepp (1864–1959), two noted German naturalist and professional collectors, mainly of insects and birds, in Neotropical America from 1883 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B1F681EFF9DFC03F8CC5789F864" author="Beolens, B. & Watkins, M. & Grayson, M." box="[986,1207,1907,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" refId="ref4862" refString="Beolens, B., Watkins, M. & Grayson, M. (2009) The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiii + 592 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1353 / book. 3355" type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Beolens
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFBE5F8CC5753F864" box="[1084,1133,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Otto Garlepp, after having collected in South America, returned to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFD69F8285026F858" box="[688,792,1943,1969]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1911. Then, in 1912–1913, he shipped to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFACFF82856A2F858" box="[1302,1436,1943,1969]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
lepidopterans collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFE67F8045129F83C" box="[446,535,1979,2005]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFD94F80451F9F83C" box="[589,711,1979,2005]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
during the same expedition. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681EFF9DFBF2F8045796F83C" box="[1067,1192,1979,2005]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, O. Garlepp collected on the volcanoes Irazu and Turrialba. Quite interestingly, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681EFF9DFC8FF86050AFF810" box="[854,913,2015,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681EFF9DFC63F8605777F811" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1929" box="[954,1097,2015,2041]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Helicops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFC63F86050F0F811" box="[954,974,2015,2040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681EFF9DFC07F8605777F811" box="[990,1097,2015,2040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="306">wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were stated to originate from “Volcan Turialba”, another spelling of Turrialba volcano, a large, active stratovolcano culminating at 3,340 meters a.s.l. We could not determine how Asian snakes were included in a collection from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681FFF9CFBB8FF0457E3FF3C" box="[1121,1245,187,213]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="307">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE884C681FFF9CFA99FF045645FF3C" box="[1344,1403,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="307">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D6D681FFF9CFF4EFF605255FF11" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,363,223,249]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Helicops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681FFF9CFF4EFF605255FF11" box="[151,363,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="307">Helicops wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stated to have been deposited in 1911 or 1912, were seemingly catalogued just prior the shipment of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352767E681FFF9CFEB5FEBC52D8FEF4" box="[364,486,259,285]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="307">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
done by Otto Garlepp in 1912 or 1913. We suggest that the two Asian specimens, left unattended or overlooked in some room of Vienna’s Museum of Natural History, were subsequently erroneously added to this collection by some less than diligent curator or technician. The consequence is that these specimens were invisible to specialists of Asian snakes as it would be highly improbable that anyone would find two Asian specimens deposited in a museum alleged to be from a Costa Rican expedition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36EE681FFF9CFF1EFE0851A3FD6C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="307">
|
||
As a conclusion, we here stress two major points relevant to Systematics. The first one is the importance of accessible and careful curation of natural history collections so that authors are able to easily determine what the proper taxonomy of these specimens is. The second point is the importance of establishing the complete synonymy of any taxon of species-level before dividing it into two or more species, and of examining carefully the diagnostic characters of all these synonyms. Such a careful synonymy might reveal available senior synonyms, which would avoid the creation of a new systematic
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAFC681FFF9CFD92FDD451A8FD6D" box="[587,662,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="307">nomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |