404 lines
54 KiB
XML
404 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="B39DE47B6962D33C5C4A957B9DE0F933" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52a51f5e-bc73-4d57-8200-f198a12a905d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224084" ID-ZooBank="E86E41ED-D12B-4E3D-9FA3-25C8B2923183" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652317831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="03C387F0AB18FFC1FF6AFC820B68FC5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p122.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rossella racovitzae Topsent 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FFFAFF88AB16FFD3FFFDFFE50842FFFF" masterDocTitle="Hexactinellida of the genus Rossella, of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="102" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1698344102081" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="23AAC371F1D52F06E7B6E705600E8366">Hexactinellida of the genus Rossella, of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B322D4D3AB5324487E9D891E06132BE">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="604F3DF6DF5C0C7924830FEF795B7E93">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BCF662289691E79C715F2A48A03D6300">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2F8832521C7F2218A583E8A3C80488F8">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C387F0AB18FFC1FF6AFC820B68FC5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631280" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631280" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387F0AB18FFC1FF6AFC820B68FC5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387F0AB18FFC1FF6AFC820B68FC5B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="C370656DAB18FFDDFF6AFC820922FB9C" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFC820A6DFC7E" blockId="14.[151,559,871,930]" box="[151,559,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D09D818AAB18FFDDFF6AFC820A6DFC7E" bold="true" box="[151,559,871,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFC820A6DFC7E" ID-CoL="799VN" authority="Topsent, 1901" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,559,871,897]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFC820A6DFC7E" bold="true" box="[151,559,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFC82093FFC7E" bold="true" box="[151,381,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella racovitzae</emphasis>
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Topsent, 1901
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFC6F0938FC5D" blockId="14.[151,559,871,930]" box="[151,378,906,930]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13512A63AB18FFDDFF62FC6F08AFFC5D" box="[159,237,906,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1507,1530]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,481,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[158,1443,481,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus-pictures of Rossella spp. A – B, Rossella antarctica, A lateral view (SMF 11913) with spicular fringe visible at the top, B, section (SMF 11921). C, Rossella fibulata, SMF 11906. D, Rossella levis (SMF 11728) photographed ex situ on board RV Polarstern. E, Rossella nuda (SMF 11715) photographed ex situ on board RV Polarstern. F, Rossella racovitzae (SMF 11871) with specimen of Tetilla leptoderma attached, photographed ex situ on board RV Polarstern. G, Rossella vanhoeffeni armata (ZMH S 2932)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224085/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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F, 7, Tab. 6)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFC36094EFC17" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,268,979,1000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Synonymy:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFC140922FB9C" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFC140A56FBF8" authority="Topsent, 1901a: 5" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,532,1009,1031]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFC14091EFBF8" box="[151,348,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella racovitzae</emphasis>
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Topsent, 1901a: 5
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</taxonomicName>
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–6; 1901b: 33–35, pl. 1, fig. 5, pl. 4, figs. 1–7; 1916: 3; 1917: 9–13, pl. 4, figs. 7–8, 10, pl. 5, fig. 5. Kirkpatrick 1907: 14. Schulze & Kirkpatrick 1910a: 296–297; 1910b: 19–23, pl. 3, figs. 1–
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<quantity id="4C929B03AB18FFDDFB30FBF50CADFBDA" box="[1229,1263,1040,1061]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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, 2. Burton 1929: 407–409, fig. 1, pl. 1; 1932: 256–257; 1934:7. Koltun 1969: map 2; 1976:165 (pars). Barthel & Tendal 1994: 92–95, figs. 35–36, pl. 3–4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C370656DAB18FFDDFF6AFB890BF1FA88" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFB890C1CFB7E" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,1118,1131,1154]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFB890A95FB7E" authority="Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910" authorityName="Schulze & Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,727,1131,1154]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="racovitzae" subSpecies="minuta">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFB8909EBFB7D" box="[151,425,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella racovitzae minuta</emphasis>
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Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910
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</taxonomicName>
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a: p. 297; 1910b: p. 23, pl. 4, figs. 1–2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFB6F0C44FB5F" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,1030,1162,1184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFB6F0ADAFB5F" authority="Topsent, 1916: 3" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,664,1162,1184]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="racovitzae" subSpecies="microdiscina">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFB6F09A4FB5F" box="[151,486,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella racovitzae microdiscina</emphasis>
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Topsent, 1916: 3
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1917: 12, pl. 4, fig. 10, pl. 5, fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFB4C0C57FB40" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,1045,1193,1215]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFB4C0A02FB40" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1907: 11" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,576,1193,1215]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="podagrosa">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFB4C091CFB40" box="[151,350,1193,1215]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella podagrosa</emphasis>
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Kirkpatrick, 1907: 11
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 3, figs. 2–3, pl. 5, fig.1. Topsent 1917: 14.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFB2D0AFCFB21" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,702,1224,1246]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFB2D0A11FB22" authority="Topsent, 1916: 4" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,595,1224,1246]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="podagrosa" subSpecies="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFB2D09E3FB21" box="[151,417,1224,1246]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella podagrosa tenuis</emphasis>
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Topsent, 1916: 4
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1917: 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFB020B2AFB03" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,872,1254,1277]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFB020A2EFB03" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1907: 12" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,620,1254,1277]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hexactinophila">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFB0209C8FB02" box="[151,394,1255,1277]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella hexactinophila</emphasis>
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Kirkpatrick, 1907: 12
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 3, fig. 4, pl. 6, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFAE00B9DFAE4" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,991,1285,1307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFAE00AAEFAE4" authority="Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910a: 298" authorityName="Schulze & Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,748,1285,1307]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lynchnophora">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFAE009C2FAE4" box="[151,384,1285,1307]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella lynchnophora</emphasis>
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Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910a: 298
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1910b: 25, pl. 3, fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFAC10B9CFAC6" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,990,1315,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFAC10AE2FAC6" authority="Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910a: 297" authorityName="Schulze & Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="297" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,672,1315,1338]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gaussi">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFAC10976FAC5" box="[151,308,1316,1338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella gaussi</emphasis>
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Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910a: 297
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</taxonomicName>
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. 1910b: 23–25, pl. 4, fig. 1–2d.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFAA70BC8FAA7" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,906,1346,1368]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFAA70AD5FAA7" authority="Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910a: 299" authorityName="Schulze & Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,663,1346,1368]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFAA70969FAA7" box="[151,299,1346,1368]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella mixta</emphasis>
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Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910a: 299
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1910b: 29, pl. 3, fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFA840BF1FA88" blockId="14.[151,1437,979,1399]" box="[151,947,1377,1399]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFF6AFA840AE9FA88" authority="Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994: 527" authorityName="Hooper & Wiedenmayer" authorityPageNumber="527" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,683,1377,1399]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vitiosa">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFA840974FA88" box="[151,310,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella vitiosa</emphasis>
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Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994: 527
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</taxonomicName>
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. (new name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFCB3FA870BE9FA88" box="[846,939,1378,1399]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gaussi">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFCB3FA870BE9FA88" box="[846,939,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">R. gaussi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C370656DAB18FFDDFF6AFA4608BAF9B3" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF6AFA4608BAF9B3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1443,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF6AFA4609C6FA43" bold="true" box="[151,388,1443,1468]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Several mainly fragmentary sponges from SYSTCO-stations 16-1 (SMF 11870) and 48-1 which originate from approximately
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<specimenCount id="9D6CFD6FAB18FFDDFDB6FA220AA8FA20" box="[587,746,1479,1503]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
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(SMF 11729, 11733, 11736, 11871-11900, 11902).
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFAA6FA2D0937F9FB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Other material examined</emphasis>
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: IRSNB POR. 0 0 6 (
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<typeStatus id="54D18844AB18FFDDFD6FFA090ABAF9FB" box="[658,760,1516,1540]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
), BMNH 1908.2.5.16, BMNH 1926.10.26.89, BMNH 1926.10.26.208. ZMH S2933 (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFE06F9F40AA8F9D7" box="[507,746,1553,1576]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="racovitzae" subSpecies="minuta">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFE06F9F40AA8F9D7" box="[507,746,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">R. racovitzae minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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), S2939 (
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFC9DF9F40C34F9D7" box="[864,1142,1553,1576]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="racovitzae" subSpecies="racovitzae">
|
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<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFC9DF9F40C34F9D7" box="[864,1142,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">R. racovitzae racovitzae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), S 2932 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFB0AF9F408AAF9B3" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="vanhoeffeni" subSpecies="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFB0AF9F408AAF9B3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">R. vanhoeffeni armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C370656DAB18FFC2FF3AF9B2095FFBF4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB18FFDDFF3AF9B20C72F86F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1443,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFF3AF9B2091BF98F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1623,1648]" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
This species shows an extreme variability in its outer shape. Like all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFB99F9BD0C81F98F" box="[1124,1219,1624,1648]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFB99F9BD0C81F98F" box="[1124,1219,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">Rossella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., it is normally barrel-shaped. It usually bears conules, which are commonly pointed and may in large specimens be up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B03AB18FFDDFA9EF9990DDEF96B" box="[1379,1436,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B03AB18FFDDFF02F97A0974F947" box="[255,310,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. In smaller specimens the conules are mostly very small and indistinct, while most large specimens are almost smooth with faintly developed conules. Large specimens usually have no distinct protruding spicules apart from those forming the root tuft. Small and medium-sized specimens commonly bear many protruding diactines and often also several protruding pentactins, which sometimes form a veil, that is somewhat like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB18FFDDFEEAF8D409E5F8B7" box="[279,423,1841,1864]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB18FFDDFEEAF8D409E5F8B7" box="[279,423,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="116">R. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less distinct. The smallest specimens sampled during the SYSTCO I-Expedition were
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B03AB18FFDDFF6AF8B1088CF893" box="[151,206,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height. All large specimens were torn apart due to the process of dredging. Thus, we can only guess about the maximal sizes of the largest ones, which were probably about
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B03AB18FFDDFC84F89D0BFCF86F" box="[889,958,1912,1936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="116" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15666EAB06FFC3FF6AFA0B0CE9F943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB06FFC3FF6AFA0B0CE9F943" blockId="16.[151,1437,1518,1724]" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB06FFC3FF6AFA0B0957F9FB" bold="true" box="[151,277,1518,1541]" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB06FFC3FE67FA0A0ABDF9FB" authority="Topsent, 1901" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1901" box="[410,767,1519,1541]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="16" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB06FFC3FE67FA0A0A23F9FA" box="[410,609,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">Rossella racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
Topsent, 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB06FFC3FD29F96C0CA3F962" authority="Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910" authorityName="Schulze & Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1910" box="[724,1249,1672,1694]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="16" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="vanhoeffeni" subSpecies="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB06FFC3FD29F96C0BF7F961" box="[724,949,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">R. vanhoeffeni armata</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMH S2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB06FFC3FF3AF90F0DDEF826" blockId="16.[151,1437,1769,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">
|
||
A high variation is also found within the spiculation. Even the calycocome, which is usually the sclere with the highest diagnostic value amongst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB06FFC3FDD8F8E80AC6F8DA" box="[549,644,1805,1829]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="16" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB06FFC3FDD8F8E80AC6F8DA" box="[549,644,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">Rossella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. spicules, occurs in several varieties, some of which can even assume a shape very similar to that of other species (see remarks). The calycocomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB06FFC3FB89F8D40C86F8B6" box="[1140,1220,1841,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D–H) have a total diameter of up to 340 µm (and probably more, as most larger calycocomes were broken and therefore only lengths of complete rays of the largest ones can be reported, Tab. 6), with strong middle pieces of 15 to 35 µm length. The secondary rays are very stout, mostly straight, but occasionally curved, up to 160 µm in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B03AB06FFC3FB0EF8780D78F84A" box="[1267,1338,1949,1973]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="16" pageNumber="118" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 in</quantity>
|
||
number. Mesodiscohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB06FFC3FE77F824099BF826" box="[394,473,1985,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="118">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A, I–J) were found to show an extraordinary size range: 60–175 µm (see remarks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF6AFF720A05FEE3" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Oxyhexasters and oxyhexactins are extremely large in some specimens (up to 250 µm), but can also be very small (80 µm). Their shape is of the typical kind. Microdiscohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB07FFC2FC61FF590BAFFF2B" box="[924,1005,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C, I) have secondary rays of two clearly different lengths and a distinct capitulum at the end of the primary rays, from which the secondary rays originate. They are 40 µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15666EAB07FFC2FF6AFEAE0AF2FE53" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF6AFEAE0AF2FE53" blockId="17.[151,1436,331,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FF6AFEAE0953FE9B" bold="true" box="[151,273,331,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule sizes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FE2CFEA90C48FE9B" authority="Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910" authorityName="Schulze & Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1910" box="[465,1034,332,356]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FE2CFEA90AF8FE9B" box="[465,698,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Rossella vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Values in μm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Schulze & Kirkpatrick (1910b) and Barthel & Tendal (1994) are given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FE2C0DD2FE21" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[159,1424,456,478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">parameter ZMH S2932 Schulze & Kirkpatrick, Schulze & Kirkpatrick, Barthel & Tendal</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FD20FE030D67FE02" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[733,1317,486,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<bibRef id="52CAA210AB07FFC2FD20FE030D67FE02" box="[733,1317,486,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" type="journal article">
|
||
(
|
||
<year id="FFC277B5AB07FFC2FD18FE030B59FE03" box="[741,795,486,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">1910</year>
|
||
b),
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FCC5FE0D0B8BFE02" box="[824,969,487,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<title id="F96EDDD0AB07FFC2FCC5FE0D0B08FE02" box="[824,842,488,509]" jopScore="0.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51AB3C2AAB07FFC2FCAEFE020B8BFE02" box="[851,969,487,509]" jopScore="0.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">vanhoeffeni</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFCE9C7BAB07FFC2FC18FE030C59FE03" box="[997,1051,486,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" type="volume">1910</part>
|
||
b),
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FBC7FE0D0C89FE02" box="[1082,1227,487,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<pagination id="B2A3C812AB07FFC2FB14FE020D5CFE02" box="[1257,1310,487,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" type="pagination">1994</pagination>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FD20FDE0097CFDBB" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FD20FDE00C64FDE4" box="[733,1062,517,539]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="vanhoeffeni" subSpecies="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FD20FDE00C64FDE4" box="[733,1062,517,539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">vanhoeffeni armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rough Pentactin
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF52FDBD0AC5FD91" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[175,647,600,622]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">tangential ray (L) 75–104–140 (30)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF52FD640A39FD67" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[175,635,641,664]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">proximal ray (L) 80–89–100 (10)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FD4F0AE7FD3E" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[159,677,682,705]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">rough Hexactin (D) 175–311.8–470 (30)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FD360A61FD15" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[159,547,723,746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Stauractin ray (L) 150 (1)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FD180ADBFCEC" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[159,665,765,787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Oxyhexactin (D) 100–102.5–110 (4)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FCC30912FC99" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Oxyhexaster (D) 80–111.8–140 (31) 140 120–130 95–140 Heterodiactin (L)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FC9C091BFC6F" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" box="[159,345,889,912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Discohexactin (D)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF62FC47095FFBF4" blockId="17.[159,1424,456,1035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Microdiscohexaster (D) 35–43.4–52.5 (30) 47 46 40–85 Mesodiscohexaster (D) 90–110.6–120 (8) 160 97 90–160 Calycocome</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF52FBFA0CB9FB78" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<table id="F96AC446AB07002CFF62FBFA0DD2FB4E" box="[159,1424,1055,1201]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF62FBFA0DD2FBCA" box="[159,1424,1055,1077]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFF62FBFA091BFBCA" box="[159,345,1055,1077]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">(D)</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FBFA0B77FBCA" box="[472,821,1055,1077]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">180–190–200 (2) 140–190</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFC20FBFA0C41FBCA" box="[989,1027,1055,1077]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">190</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFB1FFBFA0DD2FBCA" box="[1250,1424,1055,1077]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">140–380</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF62FBAD0DD2FBA1" box="[159,1424,1096,1118]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFF62FBAD091BFBA1" box="[159,345,1096,1118]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">complete ray (L)</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FBAD0B77FBA1" box="[472,821,1096,1118]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">60–88.5–100 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF62FB940DD2FB4E" box="[159,1424,1137,1201]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFF62FB94091BFB4E" box="[159,345,1137,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">primary ray (L) middle piece (L)</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FB940B77FB4E" box="[472,821,1137,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">6.25–11.4–16.25 (30) 14 2.5–4.1–7.5 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFB1FFB940DD2FB4E" box="[1250,1424,1137,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC2FF52FB260A4DFA80" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<table id="F96AC446AB07002CFF52FB260D4AFA80" box="[175,1288,1219,1407]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF52FB260D4AFB25" box="[175,1288,1219,1242]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFF52FB260937FB25" box="[175,373,1219,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">secondary ray (L)</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FB260AD1FB25" box="[472,659,1219,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">47.5–72.4–90 (30)</th>
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFD20FB260B41FB25" box="[733,771,1219,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">65</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF52FB080D4AFAFB" box="[175,1288,1261,1284]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFF52FB080937FAFB" box="[175,373,1261,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">number of sec. rays</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FB080AD1FAFB" box="[472,659,1261,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">3–4.8–7 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFD20FB080B41FAFB" box="[733,771,1261,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">2–7</td>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFB1FFB080D4AFAFB" box="[1250,1288,1261,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">2–7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF52FAF20D4AFAD3" box="[175,1288,1303,1324]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="768B5DD8AB07002CFF52FAF20937FAD3" box="[175,373,1303,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Curvature</th>
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FAF20AD1FAD3" box="[472,659,1303,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">S: 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF52FAA50D4AFAA9" box="[175,1288,1344,1366]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FAA50AD1FAA9" box="[472,659,1344,1366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">S-C: 16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A34A4AB07002CFF52FA8F0D4AFA80" box="[175,1288,1386,1407]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="768B5DD8AB07002CFE25FA8F0AD1FA80" box="[472,659,1386,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">C: 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C370656DAB07FFC1FF3AFA220B68FC5B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB07FFC1FF3AFA220A2AFF08" blockId="17.[151,1437,1478,2006]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,932]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FF3AFA220979FA20" bold="true" box="[199,315,1479,1503]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Two rather unusual specimens have to be discussed in more detail here: SMF 11736 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB07FFC2FAEDFA230D1DFA21" box="[1296,1375,1478,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I) and SMF 11889 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB07FFC2FE94FA0F09FEF9FD" box="[361,444,1514,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
J–K). Both show very distinct similarities to the current concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FB08FA090DDEF9FC" box="[1269,1436,1515,1539]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FB08FA090DDEF9FC" box="[1269,1436,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(following Schulze & Kirkpatrick 1910b; Barthel & Tendal 1994), so that the identity of the specimens seemed questionable, until after long consideration we decided on assignment to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FC00F9D10CD4F9B4" box="[1021,1174,1588,1611]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FC00F9D10CD4F9B4" box="[1021,1174,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One specimen (SMF 11736) has calycocomes with strongly curved secondary ray, as is the main diagnostic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FB05F9BD0DDEF991" box="[1272,1436,1622,1647]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FB05F9BD0DDEF991" box="[1272,1436,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schulze & Kirkpatrick 1910b, see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB07FFC2FD95F99F0AEEF96D" box="[616,684,1658,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B03AB07FFC2FD63F99E0AEEF96D" box="[670,684,1659,1682]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" unit="m" value="7.0">7</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
m for comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FC53F9990CECF96C" box="[942,1198,1659,1683]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="vanhoeffeni" subSpecies="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FC53F9990CECF96C" box="[942,1198,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. vanhoeffeni armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
original material, of which no official
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D18844AB07FFC2FEA2F97A09CDF948" box="[351,399,1695,1719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">type</typeStatus>
|
||
has been designated yet). The most significant difference of calycoccomes in our specimen to the typical vanhoeffeni-calycocomes are the strong middle pices, which in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FBE0F9210C80F924" box="[1053,1218,1731,1755]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FBE0F9210C80F924" box="[1053,1218,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are almost absent. Another specimen (SMF 11889) is characterized by very large mesodiscohexasters of up to 175 µm, which according to Barthel and Tendal (1994), following Schulze and Kirkpatrick (1910b), are typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FB0EF8E90DD7F8DC" box="[1267,1429,1803,1827]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FB0EF8E90DD7F8DC" box="[1267,1429,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However large mesodiscohexasters up to 168 µm were reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FC38F8D50C22F8B9" box="[965,1120,1839,1863]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FC38F8D50C22F8B9" box="[965,1120,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Kirkpatrick (1907). In comparative
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FED0F8B609FBF894" box="[301,441,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">vanhoeffeni-</emphasis>
|
||
material (ZMH S2932,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FD30F8B60C60F894" box="[717,1058,1875,1899]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="vanhoeffenis" subSpecies="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FD30F8B60C60F894" box="[717,1058,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Rossella vanhoeffenis armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8035DAB07FFC2FBC8F8B70CC3F895" box="[1077,1153,1874,1898]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,244,331,356]" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule sizes of Rossella vanhoeffeni Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910. Values in μm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Schulze & Kirkpatrick (1910 b) and Barthel & Tendal (1994) are given." pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
|
||
), mesodiscohexasters of only 90–120 µm could be found. Additional to the large mesodischohexasters, our specimen SMF 11889 has calycocomes with straight secondary rays, as they are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB07FFC2FC62F8790C7AF84C" box="[927,1080,1948,1971]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB07FFC2FC62F8790C7AF84C" box="[927,1080,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A63AB07FFC2FBB0F87F0CD7F84D" box="[1101,1173,1946,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,188,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[152,1437,188,1491]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901. A, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11877, B, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11878, C, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11729, D, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11871, E, complete ray of calycocome with microdiscohexaster between its secondary rays from SMF 11895, F, fragmentary calycocome of SMF 11891. Some representatives of rather unusual spicule shapes: G, calycocome of SMF 11736, rays in front and back are missing, H, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11736, I, microdiscohexaster of SMF 11736, J, mesodiscohexaster of SMF 11889, K, complete ray of calycocome of SMF 11889. Spicules of R. vanhoeffeni armata Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 (ZMH S 2932) for comparison: L, microdiscohexaster, scale bar 10 µm, M, complete ray of calycocome, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224090/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="119">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
K). Thus, the size of mesodiscohexasters is not a suitable character for species differentiation. We conclude that the only clear character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FF40FF7C0925FF4F" box="[189,359,152,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FF40FF7C0925FF4F" box="[189,359,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be the combination of curved secondary rays and reduced middle pieces in calycocomes. Thus, at the moment, the justification for the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FC57FF580C0DFF2B" box="[938,1103,188,212]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FC57FF580C0DFF2B" box="[938,1103,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems rather weak, it might prove to be but a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FE30FF040A22FF07" box="[461,608,225,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FE30FF040A22FF07" box="[461,608,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB04FFC1FF3AFEE00C8CFD33" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Topsent (1901b) depicted three specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FD0FFEE00BC4FEE3" box="[754,902,261,284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FD0FFEE00BC4FEE3" box="[754,902,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two smaller ones with numerous long diactins and a larger specimen with very few protruding spicules. None of these sponges have a velum of pentactins, which is rated as the species most outstanding characteristic by Barthel and Tendal (1994). The first specimen recorded that had a velum was described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FDE4FE940A9FFE77" box="[537,733,368,392]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hexactinophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FDE4FE940A9FFE77" box="[537,733,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. hexactinophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Kirkpatrick (1907), but was re-described as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FF6AFE70096CFE53" box="[151,302,405,428]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FF6AFE70096CFE53" box="[151,302,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Schulze and Kirkpatrick (1910a, b) after they realized that a specimen clearly representing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D65AB04FFC1FA79FE70094EFE2F" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="racovitzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FA79FE70094EFE2F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">R. racovitzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described as subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAF4AB04FFC1FDD3FE5C0A3EFE2F" box="[558,636,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">minuta</emphasis>
|
||
) had a velum as well, thus for the first time proving the wide variance in characters of the species. It seems obvious, that the veil of pentactins and even the protruding diactins are characters of juvenile sponges only, which more or less disappear while the sponge is growing. Therefore, an exact identification of this species from its outer appearance is not possible. It has to be pointed out though, that the variability might partly be due to the possibility of this species comprising several cryptic species, as is underlined by the variability in characters between specimens (see above), as well as by the long synonymy list. Still, a splitting into further species on the basis of morphologic characters (as it was tried before) is very likely to lead only to artificial species which will not prove to be consistent when comparing enough material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536E6AB04FFC1FF3AFD320B68FC5B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="120">Our data extends the size range for most spicule categories. In no previous report, oxyhexasters and oxyhexactins larger than 180 µm were documented, here we found some of up to 250 µm in several specimens. Also, the mesodiscohexasters showed an extremely large growth of up to 175 µm (discussed above). The calycocomes documented here are rather small (largest reported by Barthel and Tendal (1994) was 490 µm). Still, in some specimens which were not suitable for general spicule measurements, some fragmentary calycocomes were found which seem to have reached much larger sizes.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |