375 lines
39 KiB
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375 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="BDE53F76D586E7A77318D4030518E797" ID-CLB-Dataset="26694" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14548" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc734ce6-5ce0-4972-8ec3-20a487d069c0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1937-2426-1-39" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1937-2426-1-39" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Orthoptera Research 26 (1)" ModsDocTitle="The genus Ectadia (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae) in East Asia: description of a new species, comparison of its complex song and duetting behavior with that of E.fulva and notes on the biology of E.fulva" checkinTime="1558621730647" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Warchalowska-Śliwa, Elzbieta & Liu, Chunxiang" docDate="2017" docId="E0C4347F0AD24DD89296C799E64A0F87" docLanguage="en" docName="JourOrthoptRes 26(1): 39-51" docOrigin="Journal of Orthoptera Research 26 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14548" docTitle="Ectadia diuturna Heller & Liu, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="1A3FFFB5FF81FFCF206DFFE2FF9D1C3C" masterDocTitle="The genus Ectadia (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae) in East Asia: description of a new species, comparison of its complex song and duetting behavior with that of E. fulva and notes on the biology of E. fulva" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1732840305137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FF64A788AB5190FF7FD54A0FC73755C5">The genus Ectadia (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae) in East Asia: description of a new species, comparison of its complex song and duetting behavior with that of E. fulva and notes on the biology of E. fulva</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C40EDB6743B47178B224CDDBAD29AA1">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D6B832A95743E03C520E17876FE5D35">Ingrisch, Sigfrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C81A10E1B125AFF578DBCB986C1F88F">Warchalowska-Śliwa, Elzbieta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEBE7D9D495459898DD27EF28C73987A">Liu, Chunxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E0E9CE27F6E685796E190C9BBE233B3B">Journal of Orthoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C36A770396A9909C3F35336C0602FC53">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="144D161F301D8A1B435F83F53AF51848">26</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3F20161155C915942456D6C90F57A876">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="916F0E6203964284362ABA6CA0992D21" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14548</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1F6147677D81C4A99B3047D621AF301A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1937-2426-1-39</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E0C4347F0AD24DD89296C799E64A0F87" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157251809" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F95FF011-8A43-4959-AB8D-692D5968D562" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0C4347F0AD24DD89296C799E64A0F87" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Phaneropterinae">
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<subSubSection id="3856F644DB525D9D41F23AF104BCF1D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="098F9410C77EFF0233495AC8696E4544" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="BAFE20046F0495B9BB008C7DFC4D4770" LSID="http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:498339" authority="Heller & Liu" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia diuturna" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diuturna">Ectadia diuturna Heller & Liu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="421ABF9C1B21E721A74575700E5BA089" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 9morphology, Figs 10, 11, 12, 13song, Fig. 14 chromosomes
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84FEA61975CE7F2594E93A09B5359068" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9B99858707CE1CC27C7C787D6C31B5A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="BD577739B0577EE22766A24AE286814B" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ectadia</taxonomicName>
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sp. in
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<bibRefCitation id="222771F67DE427235EB486FF52E30D25" author="Heller, K-G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Orthoptera Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="7 - 18" title="Acoustic communication in Phaneropterinae (Tettigonioidea) - a global review with some new data." url="https://doi.org/10.1665/034.024.0103" volume="24" year="2015">Heller et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 3, 6. fig. 5
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="03823CE72C47C738FD5DBB1F1C5C5ABC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6FCDB9AEF69C11F9729CC35CA5710B9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="41A79E23A90B9323BD6C8471BC79BC4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">- Holotype male, China, Yunnan, Honghe, Pingbian, Daweishan Forest Reserve, 22°56.55'N, 103°41.43'E, 1700-2100 m a.s.l., 15-17 viii 2013, leg. Liu Chunxiang, #CH7660, in ethanol. Depository IZCAS.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A220D320596C09340A6DB141B65197CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Paratypes 11 males (#CH7659, 61-62), 6 females (#CH7663-5), dried/in ethanol, same data as holotype, all in IZCAS except #CH7659, 61, 64 (in CH). In addition sound recordings of two males, not collected.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AA070002E5AC7089ABB29266F0DD1593" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="457F458623B35F1AE54713964186063D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4EB6A4F407B2FDC1236633DD34A5DCA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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- Differs from all species of the genus in proportions of anal (1/3) and basal (2/3) part of the stridulatory file and number (about 100; Table 1) and distribution of teeth on the stridulatory file (Figs 2, 3). From
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<taxonomicName id="14DAD0A945ED2C206F6535A642E35FD8" lsidName="E. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="apicalis">E. apicalis</taxonomicName>
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, which has a similar stridulatory file, it differs by larger size and the hind wings being clearly longer than the tegmina while slightly shorter in
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<taxonomicName id="632BE8E223C434E0DFC94F4A5B70598F" lsidName="E. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="apicalis">E. apicalis</taxonomicName>
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. In general habitus it is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="F56591345D940BAEB33C673229577D7B" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
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, but has a much lower number of teeth on stridulatory file (see Fig. 3) and narrower tegmina (Fig. 4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5E8BB890F57309A5326070B4F26E044" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F24D8740280BED176C9799F9551A1505" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD8B4A157ADD83A1E0C6F98DF348E10B" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">- Male. General habitus see Fig. 5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E38F0F78B997AEB1974CD71DF9C296A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Fastigium verticis narrower than first segment of antennae, sulcate dorsally, not contacting fastigium frontis. Complex eyes approximately round. Pronotum with disc nearly flat, only last quarter elevated; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin truncate with small notch in middle; medial carina inconspicuous; transverse sulcus V-shaped; lateral carina weakly developed; lateral lobe of pronotum much longer than high, anterior margin straight, posterior margin obtuse-rounded, ventral margin oblique downward posteriorly, humeral sinus present but inconspicuous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8910866AD2716F7FE1DD13690B993BFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Prothoracic spiracle large, but mostly covered by a posterior extension of paranotum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A5B1999DF2F5AF8BC0A913674957136" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Tegmen shorter than hind wing, posteriorly with long parallel part (Figs 4A, 5A); venation see Fig. 4. Mirror in stridulatory area of right tegmen with a more or less circular deepening, similar to that in
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<taxonomicName id="514C83CF5AB5544CC4B63ACC1FE4629E" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6). The vein demarcating the distal end of the stridulatory area curved smoothly, not with an edge as in
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<taxonomicName id="E1D56446F18766C9B72F2BCA81615685" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6). Stridulatory file comparatively straight but slightly thinner in middle, with circa 90 densely spaced fine teeth in basal area and about 10 widely spaced large teeth in distal (=apical or anal) area (Fig. 3). Fore coxae without spine, fore tibiae dorsally sulcate and spinuliferous. All femora ventrally spinulose; mid and hind femur with 5-6 spines on outer ventral margins; hind tibiae with many spines on both dorsal margins. Tenth abdominal tergite prolonged backwards, hind margin emarginate; cerci stoutest at base, basal quarter sharply acuminated, then first slightly widening, later gradually narrowed till apex, dorso-ventrally flattened; subgenital plate split for almost apical two thirds, up-curved (Figs 7, 8). Internal genitalia membranous, no sclerotized titillator.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C664E26E2049E0C05C525306FD495D1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="color">
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<paragraph id="C3A3331D16ED75A736E82950DD913476" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Color</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE4A051E62911D78798359D2579A342E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">- Body and tegmina green, parts of legs, dorsal side of pronotum and dorsal field of tegmina brown, tegmina with some small brown dots (Figs 4, 5).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="479190CCE6E189ACE72F9E4615D9D59B" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="female.">
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<paragraph id="A2630CFA2F597A3E56AB862CA55D98A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="528E5506F5CF8795909EA55E60F314DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">- Mostly similar to male except abdominal apex and tegmina (stridulatory organs).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F386730AB7A76006383D17BB945B29D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pronotom with disc nearly flat; ventral and dorsal edge of paranotum parallel.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D81784E89679FC6C23DCB21FEEB394D" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Right tegmen at posterior edge in basal part with about 9 short cross veins carrying stout spines used to produce the female acoustic response (similar as shown in
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<bibRefCitation id="D85599D7ED6742C80271F00113729FA5" author="Heller, K-G" journalOrPublisher="ZACS - Zoology Analysis of Complex Systems" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="110 - 118" title="Sex-specific differences in song frequency and hearing in some duetting bushcrickets (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00611248" volume="100" year="1997">Heller et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
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); more distally small cross veins and even longitudinal veins with many
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<pageBreakToken id="AA792F3B086DBEBB8F83D2C1A651CB14" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" start="start">slender</pageBreakToken>
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spines, probably used to prevent accidental wing opening. In left tegmen, posterior edge in basal part scraper-like in-curved. Supra-anal plate triangular; cerci rather short, conical. Ovipositor fairly broad and short, upcurved, both margins at tip denticulate (Fig. 9). Subgenital plate triangular, apex obtusely rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FCCAF91235D10F2A751D5B7E2DB2B36" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="color.">
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<paragraph id="12B5709BFF5D1ABFF5A02572B4205E5C" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Color.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3AC9781D16867F66233CB02103BE4C2B" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">- Green except a white mid-line on pronotum and dorsal edges of tegmina (Fig. 5B).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1AB9087C21A26A7ADCCF6C298AE634E" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="egg">
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<paragraph id="D3141DF48B26B0D59D59D52E7B01E73C" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Egg</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D19707E2A97698DEC8B9DF501917B11" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">>- Thin, flattened, ovoid, typical phaneropterine shape.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35A090E4FDC885F2B89C270EEEA5567D" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9A08C484F47FBB8A8DFAA45F408CD1C1" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Measurements (length in mm)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE0F45AA3D627CA9669D6D109B2835CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">- Body: male 14-20, female 17-22; pronotum: male 3.7-4.8, female 3.9-4.2; tegmen: male 26.7-31, female 22-25.3; tegmen width (greatest): male 5.1-6.5, female 4.9-5.1; hind wing: male 33-38; female 26-29.4; post femur: male 20.9-24, female 20.5-23.4; length of ovipositor: 6.5-8.1; width of ovipositor 1.9-2.1, length of egg 4.7-4.8; width of egg 1.6-1.8 (n=12 males, 6 females, partly dried, partly in ethanol).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3EDBED3435DF676F2F1808BE6F75FD67" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="song">
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<paragraph id="CF45CA896285B45DE757217845F6F461" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Song</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D254E6E174D4B17EB4123794D124E1F6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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- Time-amplitude-pattern. In
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<taxonomicName id="B8EAB0E7A383972075F83459ACCCAB29" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia diuturna" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diuturna">Ectadia diuturna</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. one song unit typically lasted about 30 to 60 s (all data for 25°C except otherwise mentioned; up to 80 s in the field at 18°C). It was followed by the next unit after a silent interval as short as some seconds, but also as long as some minutes. The shortest intervals were observed when males and females were in acoustical contact. Each unit contained four phrases each of which consisted of
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<pageBreakToken id="F772769B0129FBBE7EE29092F5AF65FF" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
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different combination of micro- and macrosyllables. A simple and clear example is shown in Fig. 10A. However, often the different phrases were connected by transitional phrases. A song unit started with a series of tick-like microsyllables, separated by intervals of about 150 ms (phrase A; see Fig. 11 for details). Sometimes the intervals between the ticks were larger and more irregular. Between these loud syllables (occasionally?) short and soft sounds were observed. At the end of a phrase typically two tick sounds followed each other quite closely (10 ms interval) a few times. Such phrases were also heard isolated outside complete song units, possibly representing unsuccessful attempts to start a song unit. After this phrase a series of macrosyllables followed (phrase B), in which always two types of impulse groups alternated, a long series (ca. 70 impulses; duration 120 ms), sometimes split into two or more by one or several unusually large intervals, and a short series (ca. 55 densely packed impulses; duration 30-40 ms). Both groups differed distinctly in carrier frequency (see below). In amplitude, this phrase was always lower than the loud phrase A. Its duration was the most variable of all phrases, from nearly missing up to ten seconds. Phrase C consisted of a long series of stereotypic elements (period about 500 ms), each containing two pairs of impulse groups as seen in phrase B. These pairs were separated from the next pair by an interval of about 200 ms. During this interval one (or two) loud microsyllables were produced and additionally a series of softer isolated impulses. While in Fig. 10 an abrupt change from phrase B to C can be seen, in many other recordings there is a long transition with phrase C elements appearing more and more frequently (see e.g. Fig. 12). Phrase D finally consisted of several repetitions of the impulse series from phrase C (period about 400 ms) without macrosyllables.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2042C3FFEB1CF5E2595BC70B86B49FE5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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The females responded near the end of a song unit (Fig. 12). They answered mostly not only once, but several to many times (1-25 responses per song unit). The responses occurred nearly always during phrase D, and often also additionally at the end of phrase C. Very rarely they were heard during phrase A, in this case the females possibly assuming a late phrase D from the previous song unit. In many phaneropterine species, the females respond with a species-specific delay after the male song or some parts of it (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="F5E29DC0E3FCA63C9F8959BAC9719CB6" author="Heller, K-G" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="189 - 198" title="Acoustic communication in phaneropterid bushcrickets: species-specific delay of female stridulatory response and matching male sensory time window." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290822" volume="18" year="1986">Heller and Helversen 1986</bibRefCitation>
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). This is probably also the case in
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<taxonomicName id="C503FF9A7EA0B47C958AB3C20FA5B0EA" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., but the response delay is difficult to measure exactly, because often several possible trigger events are closely together, and the response consists of several loud impulses distributed over more than 100 ms. The delay is obvious in the range of 150-250 ms. In any case, often very soft impulses (more than 20
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<pageBreakToken id="B7FC0185F8611C3BD1658E14C9BEF541" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" start="start">dB</pageBreakToken>
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softer than the main response) were observed that occurred much faster (70-80 ms) than the loud impulses.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE035742D13D9BBCCBE3070CEBF9C7CC" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="carrier frequency">
|
||
<paragraph id="09CCFE38E1A501555B44CD588EDC0E25" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Carrier frequency</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C488C93BA93A4136D2F2DB678066FB3B" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
- During one song unit, parts with quite different spectral composition were observed. The short, tick-like elements of which phase A and D consisted and which occurred also in phase C, had always a quite similar spectrum. Its peak was situated at about 20 kHz, in the lower half with strong components starting abruptly at about 5 kHz, in the higher half continuously decreasing in power until 40 kHz (Fig. 13). Also the softer and shorter impulse groups found in phase B and C were similar to this pattern presenting a relatively narrow peak at 20 kHz and a side-peak at 40 kHz. However, the longer and often louder impulse groups from phase B and C differed distinctly. Their spectrum contained two clearly separated peaks. Besides a high and narrow peak at 10 kHz it showed a broad maximum at 60 kHz (Fig. 13). These impulse groups alternated with the shorter and softer impulse groups (see fig. 5 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D9C687B9A78B9F74956C786AD648913" author="Heller, K-G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Orthoptera Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="7 - 18" title="Acoustic communication in Phaneropterinae (Tettigonioidea) - a global review with some new data." url="https://doi.org/10.1665/034.024.0103" volume="24" year="2015">Heller et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The female response had its maximum between 10 and 20 kHz (recorded in audible range only).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="52234EBF425484719BD96B244321613C" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="chromosomes">
|
||
<paragraph id="12A991EECD48A020B3941BE4E913206C" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Chromosomes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC1C43EE2ED849229FBC9385F777E21B" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">- The analyzed species is characterized by a male chromosome number 2n=29 and sex determination system X0. All chromosomes are acrocentric and the X chromosome is the largest element in the set. C-banding of mitotic metaphase revealed constitutive heterochromatin blocks (thin C-bands) in the paracentromeric region in most chromosomal elements, with the exception of one small pair of autosomes (thick C-bands). Constitutive heterochromatin polymorphism involving telomeric C-bands was located in the first-sized pair (Fig. 14A). The observed rDNA-FISH signal on this largest pair, similar to C-bands, varied in size, suggesting the occurrence of polymorphism in copy number of rDNA sequences (Fig. 14B).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78EA00D5708904C85ABBE3A4CFE14144" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F5DAF72ED4D31B64F061246BCC33B32" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Habitat</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221DB1287E6028A0F09A3C42FCE7A15D" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">- Common in low bushes around buildings (Fig. 5C).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="47F9FE1CDEA13A8F003B5A77DFD90767" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6FCFEAB6C95019C94D5A06DA184E5A1E" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Etymology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A5B9937C99527A3C0BBCDE57A9718CA2" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
- The name of the new species refers to its long lasting song:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E672C3A6DDCF68D11C85C8514350890" lsidName="diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Latin adjective, meaning long lasting
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CD30AB75613C151C36A037AE269F7255" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="889229034E92FF877E444C25FFE864BF" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C364EA4A9CFD904408D6D27500582FA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">- Known only from Yunnan, China.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EE9F7D748468BD2F0F861524215D99D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="C234E0D767B0B92A12E23A00C0E5DA4C" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 2. Inter-tooth spacing in male stridulatory files of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FCFB5692B7E2532C21E9EA79A524A39" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ectadia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="39899E397C9A2366BFA2A99E4E1F0C1D" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="87813455C44355DE1E9BAA4780892352" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 3. Stridulatory file of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2927D8977A0C482D8B424A3FB3801A7D" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E7A8E579BFDEFEA6FAE58D6BF93EEE4" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
(articulation of tegmen to the right). A. File of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="513C990CA7416C7FFC614A9BF38BE4B9" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. on the underside of left male tegmen. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE61505284A913995E66BF72C690B8F8" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Replica of the file of B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9689E409B862D6D4C8041B31C818098F" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in comparison to that of C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC5DDB943DFC66995F53A0B7343A179A" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="873ADCB0849E2899D25CC26341E385CF" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="F8D7BBF30074ACDF2D328358BCA3A2AA" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Table 1. Proportions of distal and basal part and number of teeth in stridulatory file in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30261BCA7A72E6AF5919C1E703FBB94E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ectadia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2330B93BE8E8655E5ED4EEF95F6096" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<table id="2BAA9364A31B6258614291F33E3E4CC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<tr id="08BE8D22481E7179BC288F388DE6B410" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<th id="4D0867F3FD32AE0B732079DDB07790E5" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="948142DDA6B9D102B507787FEE60A298" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Length of distal part of file</th>
|
||
<th id="7233980598F068C1915D48431470FC62" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Number of teeth in distal part</th>
|
||
<th id="9D97D4B3B249EDEAB1C3DA4876E18A1C" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Length of basal part of file</th>
|
||
<th id="D2A6F7F1C84F77612C08F5D035D43664" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Approximate number of teeth in basal part</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B205F8A5D05ADDE2FE6FF48E4CC2EE3" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="3604004BA1B10C17E57BC1173A11F397" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="124386AB0C25B87B116E5348AB141E3E" lsidName="diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="08B8D25A690DE58516913AF9FEAFE9FB" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="3172E4FF0384DF5681021D4FA08596EF" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="845363730F795027048EE0D25FFAA8E5" lsidName="angusta" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="angusta">angusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="178B7C0098A38F26F97076E621243C36" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0B19EC335BD9C73813A2E2C55F1A51F" author="Gorochov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="77 - 128" title="New and little known katydids of the tribe Elimaeini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)." volume="80" year="2009">Gorochov 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B075CD6837192206CDF6DC46999DA1B" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="810BC4902CF7858224F872D54A8A115F" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3427F82E799DA3C55DE4204C366D5D25" lsidName="apicalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="apicalis">apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="488EF93E71DD110E2DB6748AD7C3D8C8" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E095E41FF806F39D43C2A8200E6E0" author="Liu, CX" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 43" title="The genus Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), with descriptions of three new species from China." volume="52" year="2004">Liu et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7EABA0D72F12F57BA784F1926B3AF2D5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="33DABC6572980B9B848357B433F6695F" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB46F6F99C6EAC4CB53DCA57D35581F2" lsidName="fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8C06D171869F66B9415E5D87ABE6F114" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="4C4DD3A0258296CE8D89697E2E40171E" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEFE2F7331FA672CC5B7AA65BB77E7FB" lsidName="mistshenkoi" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="mistshenkoi">mistshenkoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E7356A324DA3618007383AA461B7B8AB" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74238D2703E80CAD39ACD8AAF56CBD8F" author="Gorochov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="77 - 128" title="New and little known katydids of the tribe Elimaeini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)." volume="80" year="2009">Gorochov 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CE33BA7BC3BA80357EBC013D82DE11E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="B21CCE36F11D11FF0C56E60F538B52B9" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2859351E6808EABEED0AE4C701D769F" lsidName="obsolescens" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="obsolescens">obsolescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="535051837A88C861A67FF7EB4D07FA88" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D42BFD41F0DFCA3B7354303D7937A826" author="Liu, CX" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 43" title="The genus Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), with descriptions of three new species from China." volume="52" year="2004">Liu et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48D2C0481DDCCD29F11A580971F6C375" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="AC22BE120689C917BB7F539D9F578BB5" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F2F2DA8C263A643305BF484B7DCFE2" lsidName="sinuata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="sinuata">sinuata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="3EC7F3103FDE693D3381BCD236C9826D" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9DCEBF5E35A95DF4495FB64DAFA5DB82" author="Liu, CX" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 43" title="The genus Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), with descriptions of three new species from China." volume="52" year="2004">Liu et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D023C4F4F074D1E213709B36DB15724A" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<td id="B64A4417EAC62C5FEFD0B532F3DE418A" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">sulcata</td>
|
||
<td id="241D3F646D7493BF7127F242800900C5" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C463DD45B08CC89E1D3ADAB1C26F12B0" author="Liu, CX" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 43" title="The genus Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), with descriptions of three new species from China." volume="52" year="2004">Liu et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="579D39A656B8A2B739352DDFE12F33B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="830B650DC819BC5778A482DEE6271590" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 4. Transmitted light scan of left tegmina. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4E08E02318C195FA42989E3FE5454FA" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia diuturna" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diuturna">Ectadia diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="034B6810683466E8B9C06FAB14F7BE24" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the fold in the basal part is an artifact resulting from the strong curvature of the tegmen). Scale 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4B41DE82FAAB04621DDB5AFA80A6CEF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC216AEFE52E3CE829315E8EBB5A619D" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 5. Habitus and habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DDD5192FA927F5AC4F6D4DFB7DCC297" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A. male (photo by Guoqing Ma), B. female, C. habitat at type locality. The photo of the male is shown under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04644B6D7F9394EF8F6C074FDDF6E781" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9BE14F296D6D15E9BAFDA1289747351B" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Kang et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="15E61A7D639E729FE08B91D2784D07C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="AFBBE33E222A20C8318A83B9EF341B69" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 6. Stridulatory area with mirror at base of right tegmen. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2713455496C444A1C58F4A406C4B9B35" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E480E302C8C555D83A2351994264FD05" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C27D3B97B3A15A13C5A97FB0A40224D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="756C08951FC3109AC4FB0AF672E11367" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 7. Lateral view of male subgenital plate. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7561032F15A398FC5DFD2F73FF83F9C6" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B36ABDEB296B8F07EF5FB96E7760B9" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0BFE312EA8A2A82CE1F5F4BFDB2CC476" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6D80F3F0300D710C1D3D5B2FC1EAA5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 8. Ventral view of male subgenital plate. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="738ED4AF1F8C0F3390062BAD6070024D" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45EEEE232895108C23B2F3DCF93A183B" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8C75614B2143B226494F8F2C7833C916" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="E0D834F41BB959C4FA0EAD9BD6DA13EF" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 9. Lateral view of female ovipositor. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51E220E1302DE8D8B06819BE3B28D933" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D87C9FAEFFDF01116220DFC56F76817" lsidName="E. fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">E. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="85E19D07AF595593420B26B63B32D402" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D3B0F81A1F8C3A0F71F22F589B69F8D" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 10. Oscillograms of male calling songs, comparative overview. A.E
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F299D3E62068A9D09051680C8B735BB9" lsidName="diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., B.E
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE58617A025A7270B38BD5299B1E4A81" lsidName="fulva" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fulva">fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
, In A, the different phases of one song unit are indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="250EBBBC3EFAB97E96580ABC3E82E11E" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="9599DCEC499538CE4843FA00F9F4EF0F" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 11. Oscillograms of male calling song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A3888933FEBE0556CEF34B2F1F92D57" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A. Overview with indication of the origin of the details (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A37F9967A70D46CCEC2F71F37751163" originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). In B, D and E. the origin of the spectra shown in Figure 12 is indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0A16C71E968FEB2A769B3128C9D7BF13" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="46CB8CE50F7E309EC501C4CC013097A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 12. Oscillograms of male calling song and female response of E
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEE52267AD83925B4332A0F84DFF1A27" lsidName="diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., recorded simultaneously. A, B. Overviews with indication of the origin of the details (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="18E7B9C3600F43A983BB9BEA69380AE9" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BC97D8CF02950CE3BC0E349E2C40C4F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="235F0331C336F8A7ED363C09200CAC07" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 13. Power spectra of different parts of the calling song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="752862C15039C320EACD77E7A7DD55E8" lsidName="E. diuturna" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="diuturna">E. diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="127F4DAB5D2C79170AE56355A8F3E3B3" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A18B4E94E87EA47A8841EA9B960F493" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 14. Male chromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E817FA3423DCDD5D00E03F349D5310E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ectadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectadia diuturna" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diuturna">Ectadia diuturna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A. C-banded metaphase; B. FISH with 18S rDNA (green) probe in metaphase/anaphase (A - the left) and prometaphase (B - the right). Arrows indicate telomeric located C-bands (A) and cluster of 18S rDNA (B) in the heteromorphic large-sized chromosomes (marked with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB5731BDEBE4290E32A127568073E8F8" originalValue="“1”">"1"</normalizedToken>
|
||
); X, sex chromosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |