317 lines
38 KiB
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317 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="20F110982A36C5F435271DDADEC17EA8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum cordatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. - Arab. 47. 1775." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ED5E321C509C6B8CF66BB3020B209B3B">A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AAA26073631016BD68875815B6CA5F6F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="32BA8EE134AFBD030C23FFFBC63849B7">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="22DC7FA19325A4C1FE2BCCF55949A170">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B3F5571390FD95339E26E2AB885F9A3C">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0EF3231AC31DD9D63EF446C6F4572F25" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="236AF5409677D8EC459167BB02EC9818">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="493B666393434B07A8F8A13F2C732471" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F9D552CF9949EDC5A920FD6010592A9F">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="915FCFF050C973FEB5F3F8DF8C3AD4B4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6DA668E181F47792BBB1045840F95314">2022-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A517D19096D5B58CCD46D5578A937DEF">198</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E2A606493AF4203C4BAE598F879A4322" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="20F110982A36C5F435271DDADEC17EA8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723683" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20F110982A36C5F435271DDADEC17EA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/20F110982A36C5F435271DDADEC17EA8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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<subSubSection id="76F77D0ACE095317BAC8C9C3818D465B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="107D9A1D51A8E27032C97023F10FB9C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="2B1FAECD5C5FBAE1834418610CA92F68" ID-CoL="6YTD5" authority="Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. - Arab. 47. 1775." authorityName="Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. - Arab. 47. 1775." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">Solanum cordatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 47. 1775.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CBD2E47FCA0339AA0F219E52580B9083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CBC6ED25BC606A5B74FE78FF82582DE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="1B4044E4E64AAE292D70B4AE3B4E408D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Solanum cordatum Forssk. Herbarium specimen collected in India (Badami 114, E 00757243). Photograph credit: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8C23455C31795B4A0146E95296ACDF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4A0D4E981A69180CF88D18E33C67606F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A3F88564A1E7B77CAB42C5D9C3FDD32C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum gracilipes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">Solanum gracilipes</taxonomicName>
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Decne., Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 113, t. 119. 1844. Type. India. "India Borealis Occidentalis",
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<emphasis id="E0594FD971F7DC5E66A11E47F9CFE6B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. Jacquemont 63</emphasis>
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(holotype: P [P00054212]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8766660AB11BEA180DE172B0E01C65D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8331C800DB158B38462B53B6968CC9C2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sabeorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabeorum">Solanum sabeorum</taxonomicName>
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Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 122. 1896. Type. Yemen. N side of Mount Nakhai, Bilad Fodhli, 800 m, 31 Mar 1890,
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<emphasis id="6F8FE807F0262F38BF4F284E211B5350" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Deflers 488</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="DA36AF80004C01F33DE66AA89C1B1789" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 127: P [P00051784; isolectotypes: K [K000441136], P [P00051784, P00051785, P00051786]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D7554E895C8BD6B8F86845DB848CB26" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1617DA819F2968F72D29C4D0FC18254E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum darassumense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darassumense">Solanum darassumense</taxonomicName>
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Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 57. 1905. Type. Somalia. Arussi-Galla, Darassuma, 900 m, Apr 1900,
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<emphasis id="392F117AAFE6C27BDA6B70CCC6082630" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Ellenbeck 2024</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="99B18603648DF390E7D1EAD9326C6202" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595024" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1585 - 1601" refId="B258" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2010. Lost Berlin (B) types of Solanum (Solanaceae) - found in Goettingen (GOET). Taxon 59 (5): 1585 - 1601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595024" title="Lost Berlin (B) types of Solanum (Solanaceae) - found in Goettingen (GOET)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595024" volume="59" year="2010">Vorontsova and Knapp 2010</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 1596: GOET).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56C205BAB943EB447945415EC553FBE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="244CB582CE6467D4E843946C37D8C566" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum obbiadense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obbiadense">Solanum obbiadense</taxonomicName>
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Chiov., Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1925: 106. 1925. Type. Somalia. "Sultanate of Obbia, Biomal", 2 May 1924,
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<emphasis id="ED34B41E7F918D0B17354B0C176538DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Puccioni & J. Stefanini 1061 [605</emphasis>
|
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] (neotype, designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="E5C3995A70B4C8C43AC95624891F792B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pg. 127: FT [FT003066]).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="46E961FD34DC74D614D11635D0E74AAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BAF524D8751319981F740BACA2A088" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nummulifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummulifolium">Solanum nummulifolium</taxonomicName>
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Chiov., Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1925: 107. 1925. Type. Somalia. "Sultanate of Obbia, Biomal", 2 May 1924,
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<emphasis id="3AD1943145149C8B595B0B5DEB67F3DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Puccioni & J. Stefanini 551 [605</emphasis>
|
||
] (neotype, designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D341651C18250B46912542E9682BA50" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pg. 127: FT [FT003065]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D4C20D022CA7A725AF645BFA196F67C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="7F51FF93FB7580A345129B9687387F74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="F69982BA708665C8F0B92026B81304E9">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58D4B68BFE800C934886BD5219131120" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="489D33D71D3F200F24389E8C33F4F2EF" collectingDate="1978-05-12" collectorName="J. R. I. Wood" country="Yemen" elevation="2400" location="Naquil Khailan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sana'a" typeStatus="neotype">
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<collectingCountry id="5C706545130AA190E93D312F359A5E73" name="Yemen">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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.
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<location id="2EE9F2C1ECD6A37D58809ACCCACE2810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20F110982A36C5F435271DDADEC17EA8:2EE9F2C1ECD6A37D58809ACCCACE2810" country="Yemen" name="Naquil Khailan" stateProvince="Sana'a">Naquil Khailan</location>
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<locationDeviation id="448A64D6CBBC7A2B5B27DFCDD77C3C9E" firstLocation="Beui Harath" secondLocation="Nehm">between Beui Harath and Nehm</locationDeviation>
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, NE of
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<normalizedToken id="93C11FE02E016CFFEF3C1F6F4C8B9A3A" originalValue="Sana’a">
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<collectingRegion id="443AFB3D6F540FE275B3312F4BFF1D11" country="Yemen" name="San'a'">Sana'a</collectingRegion>
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</normalizedToken>
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,
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<quantity id="2A9FA67875D6F2CB7ED29A92091D660C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">
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<elevation id="2CAD432570237D4B9A83047C035EEBB9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate id="CD54C52BAD7077F336FC296B9C23E746" value="1978-05-12">12 May 1978</collectingDate>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="5D5887C910DCEDBA2AD5692C71C7362C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="CD438296A4E6D9F2EEA722B65B818C08">J.R.I. Wood</collectorName>
|
||
2327
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<typeStatus id="254E356FBB07962D7C49B22650C7D2A3">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DDDCBA53FE77E2029F1CFB88A192B371" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4107860" author="Wood, JRI" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="123 - 139" refId="B272" refString="Wood, JRI, 1984. Eight new species and taxonomic notes on the flora of Yemen. Kew Bulletin 39 (1): 123 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4107860" title="Eight new species and taxonomic notes on the flora of Yemen." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4107860" volume="39" year="1984">Wood 1984</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 136: K [K000441137]; isoneotype: BM [BM000942294])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C93C637F26B7F34886FEB12EB1E9E3F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="97B4E37A6F6E3570F86E9BB743CAB2C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5CA13347D36A9C43221541A7B686150D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
Scandent, sometimes erect herb to shrub, 0.3-1 m, unarmed or prickly. Young stems slender, creeping to ascendent, glabrescent, unarmed or sparsely prickly, the pubescence of multangulate, sessile trichomes visible to the naked eye as white dots, the rays 12-18, up to 0.1(-0.15) mm long, the midpoints reduced to a globular gland, the prickles, if present, 0-4 mm long, 0.1-2(-6) mm wide at the base, straight, sometimes slightly reflexed to curved, perpendicular to the stem, pale yellow to brown; bark of older stems glabrous, dark brown or dark grey to black. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, entire, the blades 0.7-1.5(-3) cm long, 0.7-1.3(-3.5) cm wide, 1(-1.5) times longer than wide, orbicular, sometimes ovate, membranous, drying concolorous, yellowish green, glabrescent on both surfaces, with porrect, sessile, sometimes stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.1 mm long, the rays 8-16, 0.05-0.1(-0.15) mm long, the midpoints reduced or a mere bump, unarmed on both surfaces; the primary veins not visible or 2-4 pairs, the tertiary venation not visible to the naked eye; base cordate to attenuate; apex rounded to acute; petiole 0.2-1.3 cm long, 1/3 as long to equal in length to the leaf blade, narrowly winged to almost filiform, sparsely stellate-pubescent, unarmed. Inflorescences apparently lateral, 1.5-4 cm long, unbranched, with 1(-2) flowers, 1(-2) flowers open at any one time; peduncle absent; pedicels 0.5-3 cm long, erect, filiform, protruding beyond the leaves, articulated at the base, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent, unarmed; pedicel scars spaced 1-4 mm apart. Buds narrowly ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 4-5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx 2-4 mm long, the lobes 0.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, deltate to narrowly deltate, apically obtuse to acuminate, sparsely stellate-pubescent, unarmed. Corolla 0.9-1.6 cm in diameter, mauve to purple, stellate, lobed 2/3-4/5 of the way to the base, the lobes 3-6.5 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, deltate, reflexed or spreading, stellate-pubescent abaxially, the trichomes porrect, sessile, the rays 8-15, up to 0.1 mm long, the midpoints shorter than the rays or reduced to bulbous base. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 0.1 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.5-0.7 mm long; anthers 3-5 mm long, yellow, spreading, tapering, poricidal at the tips, the pores distally directed. Ovary glabrous or with 1-2 stellate trichomes near the apex; style 0.8-0.9 cm long, filiform, curved, glabrous. Fruit a globose berry, 1(-2) per infructescence, 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter, the pericarp thin, glabrous, red at maturity; fruiting pedicels 1.5-3.5 cm long, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the base, 1.5-2 mm in diameter at the apex, herbaceous, pendulous, unarmed; fruiting calyx weakly accrescent, elongating to 3-5 mm long, covering 1/4-1/3 of the mature fruit, unarmed. Seeds ca. 10-20 per berry, 1.8-3 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide, flattened-reniform, dark brown to almost black, the testal cells somewhat sinuate in outline. Chromosome number: n = 12, 2n = 24 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F958AB7371E81DC64F325D1602F266F" author="Kumar, V" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Horticulturae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B135" refString="Kumar, V, Subramaniam, B, 1987. Chromosome atlas of flowering plants of the Indian subcontinent. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi." title="Chromosome atlas of flowering plants of the Indian subcontinent. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi." year="1987">Kumar and Subramaniam 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B07AF4F448EC213A476E7C6D6BE5099" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. gracilipes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="02DD8113354A0CA2731691D59C09C5B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. gracilipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A7F20769BD341760C3A014A56D5D7F84" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph id="926DA921B9ED0398EFE681F0212AAAF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A42C98B925EFD5897C5DF826693DA58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F687E29A99C87A8740232834195207AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="108B4551D9438B450E052B5DC9ED6C15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forssk. Herbarium specimen collected in India (
|
||
<emphasis id="EA50C31D52E4D5E1334E41F7846EC80D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Badami 114</emphasis>
|
||
, E00757243). Photograph credit: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DFA25F824373EA8CF9CB1FB5B6A3DAE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA45117B28732D45DA9C8FE2C8F386DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F5E4780C4B660B57D277197F7D29A02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF3A6D8D90390A9A53847E9B85FECD3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8E8C52DD3303D7C39238FAFE0008A55A" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of S. cordatum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC604C8F565461F2020039077645AEA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="72474250039D92EE99BB0EFD322B1B8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and western India (Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra). The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4CB422A3635F6F81861C0646091DF5B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E58AC28B3702E9627A470807F05EF41D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Tamil Nadu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="06E073D2169B0ADA2BA7DF8526DAE6A7" author="Ramachandran, A" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="56 - 58" refId="B202" refString="Ramachandran, A, Viswanathan, MB, 2010. Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India. Rheedea 20: 56 - 58" title="Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India." volume="20" year="2010">Ramachandran and Viswanathan 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is based on mis-identified specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E8218CDFB6491729EF1834E4050BA9C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8033E4C8BEEED18A8772433BF42A2CCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C22B5375D953DCE265F99B51317F1D79" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7196AC576D5272CF8E41F8F372A400D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1EAF81AE5C00A5F8E66B5556D9135331" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47363127AFB4B5989E4EFB85C382173A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="895A24904C7C1A2BCD7FCF6E5968F27E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in grassland, bushland, and open woodland on silty, sandy, or stony soil; low elevations (not recorded for India, from sea level to 1,500 m fide
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B69ECF54A7D1436FFCD55B5AB653BF3C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2D2E386E2873038D7C189AEDCAF2DB71" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph id="D83CB4DB423682DD6DCA396F67666375" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F190FAA43A62A7ED73C9A942891B748" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
None recorded from the region (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8A951245F0226922C6E0E5C380F8121" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for Africa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="823CB7DD4E8DF8ADF0E546680588EFE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="962654DBC84177A805B49733F65446A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4DB87061A82ED17B865BF8AEE59196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="742461CF13E18CD100DE1C5DDCA5724E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8D12F87C72858B42DC72330D220209C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T186619213A186619254.en" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B125" refString="Knapp, S, 2021a. Solanum cordatum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T186619213A186619254. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T186619213A186619254.en" title="Solanum cordatum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e. T 186619213 A 186619254." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T186619213A186619254.en" year="2021 a">Knapp 2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12F9E7BFB254F5F7D0FC7C1BE650D77B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="057CE3482C5C71E0FFA60DD4DABAEE56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been formally assessed as a species of Least Concern (LC; https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/186619213/186619254).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3315E69786401507403F6EFDF587056" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="325F7A4481DFA39C50E21FBF119EC3A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4889F549E963D3CA0662DA7538D9BE21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAB8DFE8CB5E4CED1E11D46D0C75D768" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="049E96D763762EF1EE31A5BBE66320D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be much less commonly collected in western India than is the very similar and sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E4579843D3B8BD9ADD60653BE4AEA59" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DEFD504AC10C9741DCFD4D74CE9D6CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="640352C26FAA27640EEFD197386D2C2B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBEDCA5AD70EE5FBF3E22415967928BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its compact multangulate stem pubescence of trichomes with many very short (<0.1 mm long) rays,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="084B87A24BD9060F246C37EE363D952F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C11BAAFB366E50A37E0A8C02BD0F4957" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has porrect-stellate trichomes with fewer rays that are marginally longer (> 0.15 mm long); stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4E5484C6D467F8C79AA20A1F848852D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D522422F8892D2E69C07F1F095C4C9EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear white dotted from the stubby trichomes. Leaf petioles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D3DB9C6B98779C2682D525D4EB66E82" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BC976D5C8C7FA57EC4F4189DFFBCB31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are decurrent and narrowly winged, while leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF9E17A6A5102ECF3278BE0820B4BA44" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="40F0F0D80CD268670DAEB76431874745" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctly petiolate. The calyx lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B6C96BFA5041C0993EB9A8FF0DF6564" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="698A5F9FEF7A2B29B5D7DC913FD9F476" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are longer and narrower than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C5F88DC4DFB9A004598D1BCDEABD6D0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D995E17E080E9F0F1D07B33206294131" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while anthers are shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AABE41689FCA9D81F8213E03A4D06E94" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F1A0C2BEEF659B23E999407489DE8E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3-5 mm versus 4.5-7 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="821F162D4F369D8F6EA33D03F476A1D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In eastern Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E12F60A7116FB7368A2D940C9EDFEA94" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="50933B27FE5321984290395B14B34DFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is deciduous in the dry season, growing opportunistically during times of moisture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83EEFEE75748BA8F0633FD088ECED8BA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This may be part of the reason for its relatively fewer collections in India than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BB74FBCBF269A1BA1B5473FF77C4879" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9EC8652552A4E835CD8FAC675BFAF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this species has more robust leaves that are not deciduous.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96D9B4A64D78ABD9F689A4558EF3E61C" author="Wood, JRI" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B273" refString="Wood, JRI, 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="A handbook of the Yemen flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." year="1997">Wood (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E050027E9D6D5C862F4D05A2CE505CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE4A0E3DC89DE4D1025A3646A1E9044C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an "Indian species which extends west to Yemen but is only found in Africa in Somalia." It is indeed found only in the Horn of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="66921BCA8FEF24ED104FA36176A8FA1F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph id="A1858F1AD74A7BD266DBF80B006B495F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="627E3940A2AB539B4C1904C8EE441958" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD347A68A58CDC6A8EF1A277383F8696" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FA79343E8F8535350E02B2F0C8FB9EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF1B661D969F28FDDADDE3810490415F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED09D0C51681B60FF5D0FC527E750BB1" author="Ramachandran, A" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="56 - 58" refId="B202" refString="Ramachandran, A, Viswanathan, MB, 2010. Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India. Rheedea 20: 56 - 58" title="Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India." volume="20" year="2010">Ramachandran and Viswanathan (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E500F9C73361B772D660C85A9D1B10E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD71386D20A4C0378A6C00841530520" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sethukadai in the Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu, far from its known range in India. This report is based on mis-identified specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86C461AA361F98F6D367F406E8779D7A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3983822C2D9484BD7BBB3F13F71D3A0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A371964F3A687E05A51AF6B3DB43607" author="Ramachandran, A" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="56 - 58" refId="B202" refString="Ramachandran, A, Viswanathan, MB, 2010. Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India. Rheedea 20: 56 - 58" title="Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India." volume="20" year="2010">Ramachandran and Viswanathan (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
appears to be a mixture of elements from published descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C33A5395F872E29EAAA0FA87A492608" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C4BC8ACD6C5DB19F887848B87F552F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the actual specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BDC38A569D844B91B9C7D3D46CB6F4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D2726BFF9E12478B2CE636AE8652915" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they used as their new record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0A2F5478B1630FAF632B0AB2DAF48F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="68FC1CE7FC696368D76E483D2260CFFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A2D867CD412AE7AA2C532D213A96EA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |