812 lines
104 KiB
XML
812 lines
104 KiB
XML
<document id="F13B12C6973C5E345D0CDEB230B25C7B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4274.1.1SLASH11283" ID-CLB-Dataset="32875" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.804182" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7ffebb0-4bea-4c4d-8873-96db1864f598" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="804182" ID-ZooBank="27748C60-F64A-4E2C-B5CD-8DB413480DF4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1496907452697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Song, Hojun, Oyama, Ken, González-Rodríguez, Antonio & Castillo, Raúl Cueva Del" docDate="2017" docId="A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4274.1.1SLASH11283.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4274 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sphenarium mexicanum Saussure 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="5D15165DAC073B682C29D26CFFA0AF0C" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698440317697" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6439DA3DB6313B0FD3391614499704B3">Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AFBCA1EF4537D6E57F747A341EF27A46">Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53CA2FE5E83A2B7E66E1A2AB9377887F">Song, Hojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0ECFF648BE79CC12D416799DA96432C">Oyama, Ken</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8CD66C8750904954FE67D86A86AAC79">González-Rodríguez, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5303896CDCC23F9A9CADD091116DDA6">Castillo, Raúl Cueva Del</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7FDCB182FC00A91F689C4777C12E14C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E945C46991E6A0531322D11471A1E91E">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6B95337B405A4A86F2D868880F11276F">4274</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029398" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131876337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC293B462CBED70EFB84AA92" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC293B462CBED70EFD22AA71" blockId="46.[151,1060,1378,1438]" box="[151,642,1378,1405]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="7272685FAC293B462CBED70EFD22AA71" bold="true" box="[151,642,1378,1405]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462CBED70EFD22AA71" ID-CoL="4YV4G" authority="Saussure, 1859" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,642,1378,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED70EFD22AA71" bold="true" box="[151,642,1378,1405]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED70EFE62AA70" bold="true" box="[151,450,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sphenarium mexicanum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC293B462DE0D70FFD22AA71" author="Saussure" box="[457,642,1379,1405]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Saussure, H. (1859) Orthoptera nova americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquee, 2 (11), 390 - 394." type="journal article" year="1859">Saussure, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC293B462CBED7E9FB84AA92" blockId="46.[151,1060,1378,1438]" box="[151,1060,1413,1438]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462E3AD7E9FD34AA92" box="[531,660,1413,1438]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:37003)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC293B462CBED7A1FDAEA952" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC293B462CBED7A1FE46AAEF" blockId="46.[151,565,1485,1630]" box="[151,486,1485,1507]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462CBED7A1FE46AAEF" authority="Walker, 1870" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,486,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Opomala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED7A1FEF9AAEF" box="[151,345,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Opomala crassipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC293B462D49D7A1FE46AAEF" author="Walker" box="[352,486,1485,1507]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Walker, F. (1870) Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and supplement of the Blattariae in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 196 pp." type="book" year="1870">Walker, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC293B462CBED780FE52A92D" blockId="46.[151,565,1485,1630]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462CBED780FD95A90E" ID-CoL="4YV4B" authority="Gerstaecker, 1873" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,565,1516,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED780FED7A90E" box="[151,375,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sphenarium ictericum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC293B462D54D780FD95A90E" author="Gerstaecker" box="[381,565,1516,1538]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1873) Acridiodea nonnulla nova insigniora descropsit. Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 185 - 197." type="journal article" year="1873">Gerstaecker, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462CBED467FE52A92D" ID-CoL="4YV44" authority="Bruner, 1906" authorityName="Bruner" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,498,1547,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED467FEC7A92D" box="[151,359,1547,1569]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sphenarium bolivari</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC293B462D47D460FE52A92D" author="Bruner" box="[366,498,1547,1569]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Bruner, L. (1906) Insecta. Orthoptera. Vol. II. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 199 - 207." type="book chapter" year="1906">Bruner, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC293B462CBED445FDAEA952" blockId="46.[151,565,1485,1630]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462CBED445FDBEA933" ID-CoL="4YV4F" authority="Bruner, 1906" authorityName="Bruner" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,542,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED445FE32A933" box="[151,402,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sphenarium marginatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC293B462DB0D446FDBEA933" author="Bruner" box="[409,542,1577,1599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Bruner, L. (1906) Insecta. Orthoptera. Vol. II. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 199 - 207." type="book chapter" year="1906">Bruner, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC293B462CBED424FDAEA952" ID-CoL="6YXJ7" authority="Marquez, 1962" authorityName="Marquez" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,526,1608,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED424FECEA952" box="[151,366,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sphenarium magnum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC293B462D5DD424FDAEA952" author="Marquez" box="[372,526,1608,1630]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Marquez, C. (1962) Estudios de las especies del genero Sphenarium basado en sus genitalia (Acrididae; Orthoptera), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Anales de Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia, 33, 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1962">Márquez, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC293B472CBED4E6FF51ADFF" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC293B472CBED4E6FC69AE84" blockId="46.[151,1436,1674,2024]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC293B462CBED4E6FE89A9AF" bold="true" box="[151,297,1674,1699]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description.</emphasis>
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External morphology (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC293B462E06D4E6FD2CA9AF" box="[559,652,1674,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
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B, C, D, E, F, G, H; 18A, B; 15M, N, O, P): total body length ranging from
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<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC293B462CFED4C3FE14A9CB" box="[215,436,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9944999999999995" metricValueMax="4.6659999999999995" metricValueMin="3.3229999999999995" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="39.94499999999999" valueMax="46.66" valueMin="33.23">33.23 to 46.66 mm</quantity>
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in females and from
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<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC293B462E98D4C3FC2EA9CB" box="[689,910,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6285" metricValueMax="4.1579999999999995" metricValueMin="3.0989999999999998" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="36.285" valueMax="41.58" valueMin="30.99">30.99 to 41.58 mm</quantity>
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in males. In most cases: antennae filiform to weakly ensiform, slightly shorter in females or longer than head and pronotum together in males; head subtriangular-elongated slightly longer than wide in females or conical notably longer than wide in males, with oval eyes in both sexes; fastigium moderately elongated, nearly half the length of interocular space in females or notably elongated, nearly as long as the interocular space in males; tegmina strap-like in both sexes; subgenital plate of males rounded, moderately developed posteriorly; dorsal ovipositor valves rounded or lanceolate moderately elongated towards the apex. Male genitalia: bridge of epiphallus slightly longer than the length of lateral plates (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC293B462D10D5C6FE2AA8CF" box="[313,394,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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A-I, D-I). Ectophallus in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC293B462F6DD5C6FC34A8CF" box="[836,916,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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A-II,D-II) large with lateral borders of ramus convergent; basal emargination of cingulum notably or slightly developed; interspace between the apodemal plates close. Ectophallus in posterior view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472E61D2FBFD3DAFBC" box="[584,669,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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B, E) with a conspicuous sclerotized hollow in the sheath notably open; inflections of supraramus notably reduced; valves of cingulum claw-like rather stout (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B47289FD2D0FAA7AFD8" box="[1206,1287,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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A-III, D-III). Ectophallus in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472DFAD2B3FD84AFF4" box="[467,548,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F) with valves of cingulum notably (morphotype 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B4728A5D2B3FB7CAFF4" box="[1164,1244,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
C) or moderately (morphotype 2,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472D64D368FE3CAE10" box="[333,412,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
F) developed posteriorly, always evident. Endophallus in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472896D368FAAFAE10" box="[1215,1295,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
A-III, D-III) with a short pseudoarch tightly joined to the valves of cingulum; aedeagal valves very small, tapered in the apex without apical spine; aedeagal valves and sclerites as long as (morphotype 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472FDCD320FBE2AE68" box="[1013,1090,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
A-III) or about ¾ (morphotype 2,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472C9AD303FEA0AE84" box="[179,256,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,208,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A – C) and morphotype 2 (D – F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
D-III) the length of dorsal inflections of endophallic apodemes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC283B472CEED3F8FF51ADFF" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CEED3F8FEFFAEA1" bold="true" box="[199,351,404,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Ground colours vary from olive green to brown. Body uniformly coloured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472886D3F8FB5EAEA1" box="[1199,1278,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,205,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1435,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 15. External morphology of S. rugosum: morphotype 2 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 3 m (C) and f (D); S. crypticum sp. n. holotype m (E) and paratype f # 45 (F); S. borrei m (G) and f (H); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype m # 134 (I) and f (J), and morphotype 2 m (K) and f (L); S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 m (M) and f (N), and morphotype 2 m (O) and f (P); S. histrio: morphotype 1 m (Q and S) and f (R and T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804216/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
N) or with the following colour traits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472D8CD3DBFE57AEDC" box="[421,503,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,205,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1435,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 15. External morphology of S. rugosum: morphotype 2 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 3 m (C) and f (D); S. crypticum sp. n. holotype m (E) and paratype f # 45 (F); S. borrei m (G) and f (H); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype m # 134 (I) and f (J), and morphotype 2 m (K) and f (L); S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 m (M) and f (N), and morphotype 2 m (O) and f (P); S. histrio: morphotype 1 m (Q and S) and f (R and T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804216/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
M, O, P): antennae black, gray or dark blue; fastigium often blue or black; lateral postocular bands frequently present, narrow and yellowish; dorsomedial line frequently present, wide and yellowish; dorsal shades if present black to dark blue, generally absent in most of the range of the species except in populations in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472EA4D048FD40AD31" box="[653,736,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,205,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1435,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 15. External morphology of S. rugosum: morphotype 2 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 3 m (C) and f (D); S. crypticum sp. n. holotype m (E) and paratype f # 45 (F); S. borrei m (G) and f (H); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype m # 134 (I) and f (J), and morphotype 2 m (K) and f (L); S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 m (M) and f (N), and morphotype 2 m (O) and f (P); S. histrio: morphotype 1 m (Q and S) and f (R and T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804216/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
O, P); lateral shades often present, black or dark blue; lateral bands of blotches frequently present and reddish; ventral bands of pronotum often present, wide, whitish, rarely bluish; frequently pronotum with white lateral carinas and small stripes and dots in the posterior dorsal margin; mesonotum partially or entirely red; lateral blotches of 1st abdominal segment frequently present and whitish; generally hind femora uniformly coloured with knees laterally black, dorsally bluish; hind tibia light brown to reddish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC283B472CEED092FDB5ACAB" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC283B472CEED092FDB5ACAB" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CEED092FEE1AC1B" bold="true" box="[199,321,766,791]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472E52D093FD43AC1B" box="[635,739,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472E52D093FD43AC1B" box="[635,739,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472F08D093FC17AC1B" box="[801,951,767,791]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="totonacum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472F08D093FC17AC1B" box="[801,951,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. totonacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC283B472FEBD092FC5AAC1B" box="[962,1018,766,791]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472FEBD092FC5AAC1B" bold="true" box="[962,1018,766,791]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in both male genitalia and external morphology. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472DF4D14FFD21AC37" box="[477,641,803,827]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472DF4D14FFD21AC37" box="[477,641,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472FF1D14EFBFFAC37" box="[984,1119,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472FF1D14EFBFFAC37" box="[984,1119,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sphenarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the following combinations of male genital characters: ectophallus relatively large, notably conspicuous sclerotized hollow in the sheath, inflections of supraramus notably reduced, and valves of cingulum claw-like, rather stout, notably or moderately developed posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC283B472CEED1DEFDB7AB57" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC283B472CEED1DEFDB7AB57" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CEED1DEFEC0ACC7" bold="true" box="[199,352,946,971]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distributed in elevations ranging approximately from
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC283B4728ADD1DEFAB3ACC6" box="[1156,1299,946,971]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.43" metricValueMax="12.8" metricValueMin="0.06" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="643.0" valueMax="1280.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 1280 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in the southern portion of the Golf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472E37D1BAFDD4ACE3" box="[542,628,982,1007]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472E37D1BAFDD4ACE3" box="[542,628,982,1007]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cost, the outer slope of the Sierra de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B47287ED1BBFB0BACE3" box="[1111,1195,983,1007]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472D66D197FE06AB1F" box="[335,422,1019,1043]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472D9CD197FDB9AB1E" box="[437,537,1019,1042]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472E7ED196FD15AB1F" box="[599,693,1018,1043]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472EEDD196FCB9AB1F" box="[708,793,1018,1043]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472EEDD196FCB9AB1F" box="[708,793,1018,1043]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472F05D196FCD3AB1F" box="[812,883,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,201,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1073]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Sphenarium species. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxa names indicate the number of identified morphotype within the species. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804198/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The morphotype 1 of this species is widely spread across most of the range of the species; whereas morphotype 2 was only observed in a single population near Tehuantepec (L14) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472D98D62EFE55AB57" box="[433,501,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,201,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1073]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Sphenarium species. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxa names indicate the number of identified morphotype within the species. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804198/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC283B472CEED60AFC06A843" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC283B472CEED60AFB92A923" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC283B472CEED60AFD0DABCB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451383" collectionCode="NHMG" collectorName="Material & Fig. & Litoral du Mexique & M. H. Saussure & Kevan & Natural History Museum Geneva" country="Mexico" location="Geneva" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CEED60AFE15AB73" bold="true" box="[199,437,1126,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472CEED60AFE8FAB73" box="[199,303,1126,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Material</collectorName>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472DE8D60BFDC1AB73" box="[449,609,1127,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472DE8D60BFDC1AB73" box="[449,609,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472E5CD60AFD7BAB73" box="[629,731,1126,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472ECED60BFD4FAB73" box="[743,751,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">f</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472F2AD60AFCF8AB73" box="[771,856,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472F2AD60AFC90AB73" box="[771,816,1126,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
17
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472F9DD60AFBEBAB73" box="[948,1099,1126,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B47287ED604FBCBAB73" box="[1111,1131,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472856D60AFB75AB73" box="[1151,1237,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472856D60AFB0DAB73" box="[1151,1197,1126,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
17
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472916D60AFA39AB73" box="[1343,1433,1126,1151]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472CBED6E6FED7ABAF" box="[151,375,1162,1187]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Litoral du Mexique</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472DA0D6E7FDE2ABAF" box="[393,578,1163,1187]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. H. Saussure</collectorName>
|
||
); designation:
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472EC2D6E7FC94ABAE" box="[747,820,1163,1186]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kevan</collectorName>
|
||
(1960, unpublished results); located:
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B4728C3D6E6FEFCABCB" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Natural History Museum Geneva</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC283B472D5BD6C3FE6DABCB" box="[370,461,1199,1223]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jid-0yf9" name="Natural History Museum of Guangxi" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">NHMG</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC283B472DCED6C3FD9FABCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33:2C5A89E8AC283B472DCED6C3FD9FABCB" box="[487,575,1199,1223]" country="Mexico" name="Geneva" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Geneva</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472E78D6C2FD0DABCB" box="[593,685,1198,1223]" name="Sweden" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC283B472E97D6C3FAA2ABE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451403" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Fig. & British Museum & Natural History" country="Mexico" location="London" municipality="England" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472E97D6C3FCEFABCB" box="[702,847,1199,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Opomala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472E97D6C3FCEFABCB" box="[702,847,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">O. crassipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472F4CD6C2FC67ABCB" box="[869,967,1198,1223]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472FFCD6DCFC49ABCB" box="[981,1001,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472FD6D6C2FBF5ABCB" box="[1023,1109,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472FD6D6C2FB8DABCB" box="[1023,1069,1198,1223]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
17
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
D) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B4728ECD6C2FABFABCB" box="[1221,1311,1198,1223]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472918D6DCFA38ABCB" box="[1329,1432,1200,1223]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
; designation by monotypy; location:
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472E06D6BEFD46ABE6" box="[559,742,1234,1259]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">British Museum</collectorName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472F24D6BEFC1DABE7" box="[781,957,1234,1259]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Natural History</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC283B472FE4D6BFFB87ABE7" box="[973,1063,1235,1259]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC283B472812D6BEFB35ABE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33:2C5A89E8AC283B472812D6BEFB35ABE7" box="[1083,1173,1234,1259]" country="Mexico" municipality="England" name="London" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Veracruz">London</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C95E4549AC283B472888D6BEFAA2ABE7" box="[1185,1282,1234,1259]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">England</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC283B472924D6BFFC61AA03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451379" collectorName="Fig." country="Mexico" location="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472924D6BFFA34ABE7" box="[1293,1428,1235,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472924D6BFFA34ABE7" box="[1293,1428,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. ictericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472CBED69AFF5EAA03" box="[151,254,1270,1295]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472D23D694FEBEAA03" box="[266,286,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472D1DD69AFE29AA03" box="[308,393,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472DCED69AFDDEAA03" box="[487,638,1270,1295]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472EA2D69BFD33AA03" box="[651,659,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">f</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472E81D69AFD5DAA03" box="[680,765,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472E81D69AFD76AA03" box="[680,726,1270,1295]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
17
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
F) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472F41D69AFC61AA03" box="[872,961,1270,1295]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC283B472FFBD69AFB92A923" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451404" collectingDate="1898-12" collectingDateMax="2016-12-01" collectingDateMin="1898-12" collectionCode="ANSP, IBUNAM" collectorName="C. C. Deem & Rehn & Hebard & Orizaba, XI & T. Heyde & L. Vazquez & Marquez" country="Mexico" county="Hebard" elevation="2" location="Kevan" municipality="Rehn" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
designation:
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC283B472841D694FB11AA03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33:2C5A89E8AC283B472841D694FB11AA03" box="[1128,1201,1272,1295]" country="Mexico" county="Hebard" municipality="Rehn" name="Kevan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Kevan</location>
|
||
(1962, unpublished results); location: BZM.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472D85D777FD82AA3F" box="[428,546,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472D85D777FD82AA3F" box="[428,546,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. bolivari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472E19D776FD37AA3F" box="[560,663,1306,1331]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472EB7D770FD12AA3F" box="[670,690,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472EEBD776FCB2AA3F" box="[706,786,1306,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
G) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472F4ED776FC5EAA3F" box="[871,1022,1306,1331]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B47282CD770FBB9AA3F" box="[1029,1049,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472800D776FBD9AA3F" box="[1065,1145,1306,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
H) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B4728F5D776FA96AA3F" box="[1244,1334,1306,1331]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472968D777FA38AA3F" box="[1345,1432,1307,1331]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472CBED752FE84AA5B" authority="Cruz" authorityName="Cruz" box="[151,292,1342,1367]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Salina Cruz</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4D7F001BAC283B472D1FD753FE3FAA5B" box="[310,415,1343,1367]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1898-12">
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC283B472D1FD753FE3FAA5B" box="[310,415,1343,1367]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1898-12">XII-1898</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472D9FD753FDE0AA5B" box="[438,576,1343,1367]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C.C. Deem</collectorName>
|
||
); designation: (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472ED0D752FBA4AA5B" author="Rehn" box="[761,1028,1342,1367]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. & Hebard, M. (1912) Fixation of the single type (Lectotype) specimens of species of American Orthoptera. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 64 (1), 60 - 183." type="journal article" year="1912">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472ED0D752FC96AA5B" box="[761,822,1342,1367]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Rehn</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472F4ED752FC1AAA5B" box="[871,954,1342,1367]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hebard</collectorName>
|
||
1912
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); location:
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC283B4728A6D753FB77AA5B" box="[1167,1239,1343,1367]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B4728C0D753FA34AA5B" box="[1257,1428,1343,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B4728C0D753FA34AA5B" box="[1257,1428,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. marginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472CBED70EFF5EAA77" box="[151,254,1378,1403]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472D22D708FEBFAA77" box="[267,287,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472D1CD70EFE2BAA77" box="[309,395,1378,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[166,1431,180,993]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[156,1435,177,997]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Type specimens of S. bolivari: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype m (B); S. histrio holotype m (C) and S. carinatum holotype m (D) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804222/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
A) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472DD2D70EFDF5AA77" box="[507,597,1378,1403]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472E4CD70FFD6CAA76" box="[613,716,1379,1402]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472EF4D70EFCC8AA76" box="[733,872,1378,1403]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Orizaba, XI</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472F85D70EFBE3AA77" box="[940,1091,1378,1403]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472879D708FBC4AA77" box="[1104,1124,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC283B472853D70EFB71AA77" box="[1146,1233,1378,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[166,1431,180,993]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[156,1435,177,997]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Type specimens of S. bolivari: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype m (B); S. histrio holotype m (C) and S. carinatum holotype m (D) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804222/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
B) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472916D70EFA39AA77" box="[1343,1433,1378,1403]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472CBED7E4FF5EAA93" box="[151,254,1416,1439]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC283B472D25D7EAFED1AA93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC293B5A2CBED70EFEBDAE33:2C5A89E8AC283B472D25D7EAFED1AA93" box="[268,369,1414,1439]" country="Mexico" county="Hebard" municipality="Rehn" name="Medellin" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Medellin</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472DADD7EBFE54AA93" box="[388,500,1414,1439]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. Heyde</collectorName>
|
||
); designation: (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472E8FD7EAFC07AA93" author="Rehn" box="[678,935,1414,1439]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. & Hebard, M. (1912) Fixation of the single type (Lectotype) specimens of species of American Orthoptera. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 64 (1), 60 - 183." type="journal article" year="1912">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C95E4549AC283B472E8FD7EAFD43AA93" box="[678,739,1414,1439]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Rehn</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C05BA7BFAC283B472F27D7EAFCC0AA93" box="[782,864,1414,1439]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hebard</collectingCounty>
|
||
1912
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); location:
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC283B472802D7EBFBD3AA93" box="[1067,1139,1415,1439]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B4728A8D7EBFAA2AA93" box="[1153,1282,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B4728A8D7EBFAA2AA93" box="[1153,1282,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. magnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B47293DD7EAFAD6AA93" box="[1300,1398,1414,1439]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B4729A8D7E4FA35AA93" box="[1409,1429,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472CBED7C6FF52AACF" box="[151,242,1450,1475]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CD1D7C7FF5FAACF" box="[248,255,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">f</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472D1CD7C0FE03AACF" box="[309,419,1452,1475]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472D1CD7C0FE03AACF" box="[309,419,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC283B472D9BD7C7FE7CAACF" box="[434,476,1451,1475]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC283B472D9BD7C7FE7CAACF" box="[434,476,1451,1475]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472DE1D7C0FE7CAACF" box="[456,476,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472DD7D7C7FDA6AACF" box="[510,518,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">f</emphasis>
|
||
), from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC283B472E73D7C6FD14AACF" box="[602,692,1450,1475]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC283B472E97D7C7FCB5AACF" box="[702,789,1451,1475]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Santo Domingo,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4D7F001BAC283B472FF4D7C6FBE0AACF" box="[989,1088,1450,1475]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2016-12-01">
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC283B472FF4D7C6FBE0AACF" box="[989,1088,1450,1475]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2016-12-01">XII-16-1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
953 (
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472853D7C7FAA0AACF" box="[1146,1280,1451,1475]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. Vázquez</collectorName>
|
||
); designation:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472CBED7A3FEF4AAEB" author="Marquez" box="[151,340,1486,1511]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Marquez, C. (1962) Estudios de las especies del genero Sphenarium basado en sus genitalia (Acrididae; Orthoptera), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Anales de Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia, 33, 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC283B472CBED7A3FF5BAAEB" box="[151,251,1487,1511]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Márquez</collectorName>
|
||
(1962)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; location:
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC283B472DFBD7A3FDE7AAEB" box="[466,583,1487,1511]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wfd-7x2v" name="Instituto de BiIolog<6F>a, Universidad Nacional Aut<75>noma de M<>xico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">IBUNAM</collectionCode>
|
||
. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472EA3D7A3FCA4AAEB" box="[650,772,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472EA3D7A3FCA4AAEB" box="[650,772,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. bolivari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we were able to examine the external and male genital morphology of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC283B472D5FD79FFE7AA907" box="[374,474,1523,1547]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
; whereas for the remainder taxa we could examine only their external morphology.
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CBED47AFED3A923" box="[151,371,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC283B472DABD47BFE67A923" box="[386,455,1559,1583]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="212.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC283B472DABD47BFE67A923" box="[386,455,1559,1583]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="212.0">
|
||
212
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472D9AD474FE67A923" box="[435,455,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 169
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472E2FD47BFDAEA923" box="[518,526,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">f</emphasis>
|
||
, form 50 Mexican localities (Appendix
|
||
<tableCitation id="6407EA88AC283B472FF9D47AFB85A923" box="[976,1061,1558,1583]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="68.[119,196,494,513]" captionText="TABLE 5. Lisŧ of localiŧies reviseđ of eacħ Sphenarium species aŊđ morpħoŧypes (Ŋumbers wiŧħiŊ pareŊŧħesis) iđeŊŧifieđ. Localiŧies iŊcluđeđ our geŊeŧic aŊalysis are đeŊoŧeđ iŊ bolđ. For localiŧy we iŊđicaŧe iŧs localiŧy Ŋumber (LN), đescripŧioŊ, Ŋumber specimeŊs (F, females and M, males) eXamiŊeđ, đeposiŧory of ŧħe eXamiŊeđ maŧerial as iŊđicaŧeđ iŊ ŧħe meŧħođs" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC283B472CEED456FC06A843" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CEED456FE72A95F" bold="true" box="[199,466,1594,1619]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472DF1D457FD2DA95F" author="Saussure" box="[472,653,1594,1619]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Saussure, H. (1859) Orthoptera nova americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquee, 2 (11), 390 - 394." type="journal article" year="1859">Saussure (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
briefly described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472F71D457FC53A95F" box="[856,1011,1595,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472F71D457FC53A95F" box="[856,1011,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on an unstated number of male and female syntypes from “Mexico Calida”, probably Veracruz, Mexico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472828D433FB0FA97B" author="Saussure" box="[1025,1199,1630,1655]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Saussure, H. (1859) Orthoptera nova americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquee, 2 (11), 390 - 394." type="journal article" year="1859">Saussure 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B4729AED433FEB6A997" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B4729AED433FEB6A997" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained unchanged until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472E67D4EEFD44A997" author="Boyle" box="[590,740,1666,1691]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ans
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472F32D4EFFC18A997" author="Kevan" box="[795,952,1667,1691]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this taxon as the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B4729AED4EFFE3DA9B3" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B4729AED4EFFE3DA9B3" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472D84D4CAFD94A9B3" author="Boyle" box="[429,564,1702,1727]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472E68D4C4FD6EA9B3" author="Kevan" box="[577,718,1703,1727]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recently, Pedraza-lara
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472FCFD4C4FB80A9B3" box="[998,1056,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472883D4CAFF41A9EF" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Sanabria-Urban, S., Song, H., Oyama, K., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A., Serrano-Meneses, M. A. & Cueva del Castillo, R. (2015) Body size adaptations to altitudinal climatic variation in neotropical grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Plos ONE, 10 (12), 1 - 24." type="journal article">
|
||
Sanabria-Urbán
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B47294AD4C4FA3CA9B3" box="[1379,1436,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have proposed the elevation of this taxon at the species level. According to our results, this species is closely related and/or paraphyletic with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472EDCD483FCC0A80B" box="[757,864,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472EDCD483FCC0A80B" box="[757,864,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472F8AD483FBEBA80B" box="[931,1099,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472F8AD483FBEBA80B" box="[931,1099,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC283B472870D482FB31A80B" box="[1113,1169,1774,1799]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472870D482FB31A80B" bold="true" box="[1113,1169,1774,1799]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lineages. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B4729AED483FEB6A827" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B4729AED483FEB6A827" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differs from these species genetically (
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472F18D57FFC48A827" box="[817,1000,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CO1 P-distance</emphasis>
|
||
> 3%) and in male genital structures. Therefore, we also agree in considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472E70D55BFD55A843" box="[601,757,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472E70D55BFD55A843" box="[601,757,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a valid species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC283B5A2CEED536FEBDAE33" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC283B472CEED536FBCDA8D3" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472CEED536FE34A87F" box="[199,404,1882,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Opomala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crasipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472CEED536FE34A87F" box="[199,404,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Opomala crasipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially described from a single male (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472FAFD536FBB9A87F" author="Walker" box="[902,1049,1882,1907]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Walker, F. (1870) Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and supplement of the Blattariae in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 196 pp." type="book" year="1870">Walker 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from Veracruz, Mexico, that was later transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472DC4D512FCB7A89B" ID-CoL="8NZD7" authority="Kirby 1910" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1910" box="[493,791,1918,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472DC4D512FDD4A89B" box="[493,628,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sphenarium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC283B472EAFD512FCAFA89B" author="Kirby" box="[646,783,1918,1943]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1910) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 1. Orthoptera euplexoptera, cursoria, et gressoria. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 501 pp." type="book" year="1910">Kirby 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later, Uvarov (1925) independently confirmed Kirby’s taxonomic rearrangement and synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472EBDD5CFFCB0A8B7" box="[660,784,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Opomala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crasipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472EBDD5CFFCB0A8B7" box="[660,784,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. crasipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472F45D5CFFBB2A8B7" box="[876,1042,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472F45D5CFFBAEA8B7" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[876,1038,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">S. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Considering the type locality and external similarity, we agree in considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472EA8D5ABFCA5A8D3" box="[641,773,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Opomala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472EA8D5ABFCA5A8D3" box="[641,773,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. crassipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC283B472FE3D5ABFBCDA8D3" box="[970,1133,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC283B472FE3D5ABFBC9A8D3" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[970,1129,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">S. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7DFA8FBBAC373B582CBED50AFD82A8B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804220/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[163,1425,234,1850]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC373B582CBED50AFD82A8B6" blockId="48.[151,1436,1894,1978]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582CBED50AFE84A870" bold="true" box="[151,292,1894,1916]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC373B582E29D50BFDD9A870" ID-CoL="4YV4S" box="[512,633,1894,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582E29D50BFDD9A870" box="[512,633,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. variabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: allotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582ECED50AFD4EA870" box="[743,750,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">f</emphasis>
|
||
(A);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC373B582F07D50BFC1FA871" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[814,959,1895,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582F07D50BFC1FA871" box="[814,959,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B58281BD50AFB99A870" box="[1074,1081,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">f</emphasis>
|
||
(B) and paralectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B58291AD504FAE5A871" box="[1331,1349,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">m</emphasis>
|
||
(C);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC373B5829AAD50BFF55A897" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Opomala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B5829AAD50BFF55A897" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">O. crassipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582D41D5EAFEDAA897" box="[360,378,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">m</emphasis>
|
||
(D);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC373B582D97D5EAFD9EA897" ID-CoL="4YV4B" box="[446,574,1926,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582D97D5EAFD9EA897" box="[446,574,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. ictericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: lectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582E95D5EAFD6EA897" box="[700,718,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">m</emphasis>
|
||
(E) and paralectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582FE6D5E9FC76A897" box="[975,982,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">f</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC373B58283FD5EAFB11A897" ID-CoL="4YV4F" box="[1046,1201,1926,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B58283FD5EAFB11A897" box="[1046,1201,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. marginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582901D5EAFA9AA897" box="[1320,1338,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">m</emphasis>
|
||
(G) and paralectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC373B582D0CD5C8FE8CA8B6" box="[293,300,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">f</emphasis>
|
||
(H) (Scale bars = 1cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7DFA8FBBAC363B592CBED191FDCCAB3E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804222/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[166,1431,180,993]" targetPageId="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC363B592CBED191FDCCAB3E" blockId="49.[151,1436,1021,1074]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CBED191FEBDAB1F" bold="true" box="[151,285,1021,1043]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
|
||
. Type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592DD6D192FDCCAB1F" ID-CoL="4YV44" box="[511,620,1021,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592DD6D192FDCCAB1F" box="[511,620,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. bolivari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: lectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592ECFD193FD58AB18" box="[742,760,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">m</emphasis>
|
||
(A) and paralectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592FDAD193FBA5AB18" box="[1011,1029,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">m</emphasis>
|
||
(B);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B59286AD192FB02AB1F" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" box="[1091,1186,1021,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B59286AD192FB02AB1F" box="[1091,1186,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592939D193FA82AB18" box="[1296,1314,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">m</emphasis>
|
||
(C) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B5929A0D192FF5FAB3E" ID-CoL="4YV47" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B5929A0D192FF5FAB3E" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. carinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D4DD671FED6AB3E" box="[356,374,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">m</emphasis>
|
||
(D) (Scale bars = 1cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC363B592CEED635FAE0AA62" blockId="49.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592CEED635FE61AB7E" ID-CoL="4YV4B" box="[199,449,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CEED635FE61AB7E" box="[199,449,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sphenarium ictericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described apparently from a single pair, one male and female, form an unspecified Mexican locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592DC6D611FD1BAB9A" author="Gerstaecker" box="[495,699,1149,1174]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1873) Acridiodea nonnulla nova insigniora descropsit. Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 185 - 197." type="journal article" year="1873">Gerstaecker 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). After its description the taxonomic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B5928CED612FACEAB99" ID-CoL="4YV4B" box="[1255,1390,1150,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B5928CED612FACEAB99" box="[1255,1390,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. ictericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been variable. In some studies this taxon has been considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592834D6CEFB24ABB6" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" box="[1053,1156,1185,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592834D6CEFB24ABB6" box="[1053,1156,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B5928BDD6CDFA8BABB6" author="Hebard" box="[1172,1323,1185,1210]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Hebard, M. (1932) New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58 (3), 201 - 371." type="journal article" year="1932">Hebard 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592911D6CEFF73ABD2" author="Marquez" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Marquez, C. (1962) Estudios de las especies del genero Sphenarium basado en sus genitalia (Acrididae; Orthoptera), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Anales de Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia, 33, 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1962">Márquez 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); whereas in others it was considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592F75D6AAFC5BABD1" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[860,1019,1222,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592F75D6AAFC5BABD1" box="[860,1019,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592824D6A9FB08ABD2" author="Bolivar" box="[1037,1192,1221,1246]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Bolivar, I. (1904) Notas sobre los Prygomorfidos (Pyrgomorphidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 4, 306 - 326." type="journal article" year="1904">Bolivar 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B59289ED6A9FA9FABD2" author="Boyle" box="[1207,1343,1221,1246]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592967D6AAFF73AA0E" author="Bruner" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Bruner, L. (1906) Insecta. Orthoptera. Vol. II. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 199 - 207." type="book chapter" year="1906">Bruner 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592CCDD686FED6AA0E" author="Kevan" box="[228,374,1258,1282]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is undoubtedly difficult to determine the taxonomic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592884D686FA99AA0E" ID-CoL="4YV4B" box="[1197,1337,1258,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592884D686FA99AA0E" box="[1197,1337,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. ictericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without examination of the male genitalia. In fact, we consider that there is a remarkable similarity between this species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592CBED75EFE97AA46" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[151,311,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CBED75EFE97AA46" box="[151,311,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D61D75EFE18AA46" box="[328,440,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592D61D75EFE14AA46" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" box="[328,436,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">S. histrio</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592DDED75EFD3EAA46" ID-CoL="4YV4K" box="[503,670,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592DDED75EFD3EAA46" box="[503,670,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC363B592E80D75DFD41AA45" box="[681,737,1329,1354]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592E80D75DFD41AA45" bold="true" box="[681,737,1329,1354]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Nevertheless, in the absence of further evidence we accept synonymising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592D12D73AFE61AA61" ID-CoL="4YV4B" box="[315,449,1366,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D12D73AFE61AA61" box="[315,449,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. ictericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592E29D73AFD3BAA61" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[512,667,1366,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592E29D73AFD3BAA61" box="[512,667,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as in the last taxonomic revision of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592882D739FA94AA62" author="Boyle" box="[1195,1332,1365,1390]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC363B592CEED715FCBCA966" blockId="49.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592CEED715FE12AA9E" ID-CoL="4YV44" box="[199,434,1401,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CEED715FE12AA9E" box="[199,434,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sphenarium bolivari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from two male
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC363B592FB5D716FC5EAA9E" box="[924,1022,1402,1426]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592862D715FB76AA9E" authority="Cruz" authorityName="Cruz" box="[1099,1238,1401,1426]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Salina Cruz</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC363B5928CCD716FA99AA9E" box="[1253,1337,1402,1426]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592965D716FF73AABA" author="Bruner" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Bruner, L. (1906) Insecta. Orthoptera. Vol. II. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 199 - 207." type="book chapter" year="1906">Bruner 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). After its description the validity and taxonomic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592FBAD7F2FBAAAABA" ID-CoL="4YV44" box="[915,1034,1437,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592FBAD7F2FBAAAABA" box="[915,1034,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. bolivari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been variable. In some studies this taxon was considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592EB3D7AEFCA2AAD6" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" box="[666,770,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592EB3D7AEFCA2AAD6" box="[666,770,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592F3DD7ADFC0EAAD6" author="Hebard" box="[788,942,1473,1498]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Hebard, M. (1932) New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58 (3), 201 - 371." type="journal article" year="1932">Hebard 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592F97D7AEFBC8AAD6" author="Marquez" box="[958,1128,1473,1498]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Marquez, C. (1962) Estudios de las especies del genero Sphenarium basado en sus genitalia (Acrididae; Orthoptera), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Anales de Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia, 33, 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1962">Márquez 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); whereas in others it was considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592DDED78AFD39AAF1" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[503,665,1510,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592DDED78AFD39AAF1" box="[503,665,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sometimes as an intermediate from between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B5928D3D78AFEB6A92E" ID-CoL="4YV4G" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B5928D3D78AFEB6A92E" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592D64D466FD98A92E" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" box="[333,568,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D64D466FD98A92E" box="[333,568,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592E6ED465FD6EA92E" author="Boyle" box="[583,718,1545,1570]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592EF0D466FCC5A92E" author="Kevan" box="[729,869,1546,1570]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study, we observed that the male genitalia of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592CC2D442FEC5A94A" ID-CoL="4YV44" box="[235,357,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CC2D442FEC5A94A" box="[235,357,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. bolivari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC363B592D5AD441FDAAA94A" box="[371,522,1581,1606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were similar to those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592FA2D442FB8CA949" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[907,1068,1582,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592FA2D442FB8CA949" box="[907,1068,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. Thus, we agree in considering the former species as a synonym of the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC363B592CEED419FEBDA869" blockId="49.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592CEED419FE7EA981" ID-CoL="4YV4F" box="[199,478,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CEED419FE7EA981" box="[199,478,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sphenarium marginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially described based on four specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B59283FD41AFB08A982" author="Bruner" box="[1046,1192,1653,1678]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Bruner, L. (1906) Insecta. Orthoptera. Vol. II. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 199 - 207." type="book chapter" year="1906">Bruner 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from three localities in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC363B592C9DD4F6FEBCA9BD" box="[180,284,1690,1713]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one male and female from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC363B592E73D4F5FD1DA9BE" box="[602,701,1689,1714]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cordova</collectingRegion>
|
||
, one male from Orizaba and one female from Medellin. After its description
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592D35D4D2FE63A9D9" ID-CoL="4YV4F" box="[284,451,1726,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D35D4D2FE63A9D9" box="[284,451,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. marginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymised as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592E96D4D2FCFDA9D9" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[703,861,1726,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592E96D4D2FCFDA9D9" box="[703,861,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592F46D4D1FC58A9DA" author="Boyle" box="[879,1016,1725,1750]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B59282FD4D2FB35A9DA" author="Kevan" box="[1030,1173,1726,1750]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During this study we examined several specimens collected near to the localities of the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592889D48EFAE7A9F6" ID-CoL="4YV4F" box="[1184,1351,1762,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592889D48EFAE7A9F6" box="[1184,1351,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. marginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L252, L260, L261, L273, L274 and L279; Appendix
|
||
<tableCitation id="6407EA88AC363B592EE3D569FC84A812" box="[714,804,1797,1822]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="68.[119,196,494,513]" captionText="TABLE 5. Lisŧ of localiŧies reviseđ of eacħ Sphenarium species aŊđ morpħoŧypes (Ŋumbers wiŧħiŊ pareŊŧħesis) iđeŊŧifieđ. Localiŧies iŊcluđeđ our geŊeŧic aŊalysis are đeŊoŧeđ iŊ bolđ. For localiŧy we iŊđicaŧe iŧs localiŧy Ŋumber (LN), đescripŧioŊ, Ŋumber specimeŊs (F, females and M, males) eXamiŊeđ, đeposiŧory of ŧħe eXamiŊeđ maŧerial as iŊđicaŧeđ iŊ ŧħe meŧħođs" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
); which were similar in their male genitalia to other specimens assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D8ED546FDF0A84E" box="[423,592,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592D8ED546FDECA84E" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[423,588,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">S. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Therefore, we agree in recognising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B59282FD546FB06A84E" box="[1030,1190,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B59282FD546FB06A84E" box="[1030,1190,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. maginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B5929AED546FEB6A869" ID-CoL="4YV4G" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B5929AED546FEB6A869" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC363B5A2CEED51DFEBDAE33" blockId="49.[151,1437,1113,2038]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592CEED51DFE16A886" ID-CoL="6YXJ7" box="[199,438,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592CEED51DFE16A886" box="[199,438,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sphenarium magnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described based on six specimens from a single locality, Santo Domingo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC363B592CBED5FAFF4BA8A2" box="[151,235,1942,1966]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592CD0D5FAFE02A8A2" author="Marquez" box="[249,418,1941,1966]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Marquez, C. (1962) Estudios de las especies del genero Sphenarium basado en sus genitalia (Acrididae; Orthoptera), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Anales de Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia, 33, 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1962">Márquez 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The validity and taxonomic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592F59D5FAFC4CA8A1" ID-CoL="6YXJ7" box="[880,1004,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592F59D5FAFC4CA8A1" box="[880,1004,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. magnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been variable after its description. This species was considered as an intermediate from between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592FB3D5D6FBC7A8DE" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[922,1127,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592FB3D5D6FBC7A8DE" box="[922,1127,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. m. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592886D5D6FAE7A8DE" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" box="[1199,1351,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592886D5D6FAE7A8DE" box="[1199,1351,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. m. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592D43D5B2FD63A8FA" ID-CoL="4YV4G" authority="Boyle 1974" authorityName="Boyle" authorityYear="1974" box="[362,707,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592D43D5B2FD87A8F9" box="[362,551,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. m. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592E1FD5B1FD1BA8FA" author="Boyle" box="[566,699,2013,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC363B592EC0D5B2FBB4A8FA" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" authority="Kevan 1977" authorityName="Kevan" authorityYear="1977" box="[745,1044,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicanum" subSpecies="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC363B592EC0D5B2FCD0A8FA" box="[745,880,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. m. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC363B592F57D5B2FBACA8FA" author="Kevan" box="[894,1036,2014,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, recently this taxon was proposed as a valid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC353B5A2DDAD2FBFC9BAFBC" author="Sanabria-Urban" box="[499,827,151,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Sanabria-Urban, S., Song, H., Oyama, K., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A., Serrano-Meneses, M. A. & Cueva del Castillo, R. (2015) Body size adaptations to altitudinal climatic variation in neotropical grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Plos ONE, 10 (12), 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Sanabria-Urbán
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC353B5A2E9AD2F5FD52AFBC" box="[691,754,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During this study, we conducted a more detailed examination of several specimens collected in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC353B5A2EFFD2D1FCA6AFD9" box="[726,774,189,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC353B5A2FA3D2D1FBA8AFD8" ID-CoL="6YXJ7" box="[906,1032,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC353B5A2FA3D2D1FBA8AFD8" box="[906,1032,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. magnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and surrounding areas (L14, L246, L250 and L231; Appendix
|
||
<tableCitation id="6407EA88AC353B5A2DEFD2B3FDBBAFF4" box="[454,539,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="68.[119,196,494,513]" captionText="TABLE 5. Lisŧ of localiŧies reviseđ of eacħ Sphenarium species aŊđ morpħoŧypes (Ŋumbers wiŧħiŊ pareŊŧħesis) iđeŊŧifieđ. Localiŧies iŊcluđeđ our geŊeŧic aŊalysis are đeŊoŧeđ iŊ bolđ. For localiŧy we iŊđicaŧe iŧs localiŧy Ŋumber (LN), đescripŧioŊ, Ŋumber specimeŊs (F, females and M, males) eXamiŊeđ, đeposiŧory of ŧħe eXamiŊeđ maŧerial as iŊđicaŧeđ iŊ ŧħe meŧħođs" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). These specimens were similar or slightly differed genetically and in their male genitalia from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC353B5A2DA4D369FD8EAE10" ID-CoL="4YV4G" box="[397,558,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC353B5A2DA4D369FD8EAE10" box="[397,558,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals. Therefore, here we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC353B5A280AD369FB05AE10" ID-CoL="6YXJ7" box="[1059,1189,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC353B5A280AD369FB05AE10" box="[1059,1189,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. magnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC353B5A29AED369FEB6AE4C" ID-CoL="4YV4G" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC353B5A29AED369FEB6AE4C" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |