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<document id="AB488D2C2A106BA5A2C25F414DF308CF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204061" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc4a8885-02a6-4cc3-b0be-d1ec0ce1f9ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204061" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460262507082" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A." docDate="2011" docId="21523C0BF8371246DCE183C3FA918584" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02797p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Scolothrips sexmaculatus Pergande" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="DD6B4473F8311241DC76862CFFC7876B" masterDocTitle="Species recognition in the genus Scolothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), predators of leaf-feeding mites" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698244843308" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="47E55A932F4984EEB26D72268669154F">Species recognition in the genus Scolothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), predators of leaf-feeding mites</mods:title>
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<treatment id="21523C0BF8371246DCE183C3FA918584" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6192485" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119393674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6192485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21523C0BF8371246DCE183C3FA918584" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21523C0BF8371246DCE183C3FA918584" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="E1E1DE96F8371246DCE183C3FA918584" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A9448D1DF8371247DCE183C3FD9A8162" blockId="6.[151,605,1519,1545]" box="[151,605,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="F20C3A71F8371247DCE183C3FD9A8162" bold="true" box="[151,605,1519,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8371247DCE183C3FD9A8162" authority="Pergande" authorityName="Pergande" box="[151,605,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DCE183C3FD9A8162" bold="true" box="[151,605,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DCE183C3FE0B8162" bold="true" box="[151,460,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Scolothrips sexmaculatus</emphasis>
(Pergande)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9448D1DF8371247DCE1801DFDF3812C" blockId="6.[151,564,1585,1607]" box="[151,564,1585,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DCE1801DFE9A812C" box="[151,349,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Thrips sexmaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD6AF0ECF8371247DD12801DFDC3812C" author="Pergande" box="[356,516,1585,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Pergande, T. &amp; Duffey, J. C. (1891) Footnote to &quot; Transformation of a carabid (Plochionus timidus), and observations on a coccinellid enemy of the red spider &quot;. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St Louis, 5 (3 - 4), 589." type="journal article" year="1891">Pergande, 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 539
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9448D1DF8371247DCE18042FDB68085" blockId="6.[151,1436,1646,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
The
<typeStatus id="764033BFF8371247DCBF8043FEFE81EC" box="[201,313,1647,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8371247DD288042FE3281ED" box="[350,501,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DD288042FE3281ED" box="[350,501,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in USNM) is mounted ventral side uppermost, and the chaetotaxy of the pronotum is not visible. The series used by
<bibRefCitation id="CD6AF0ECF8371247DE7D80BEFD7F81C1" author="Priesner" box="[523,696,1682,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Priesner, H. (1950) Studies on the genus Scolothrips (Thysanoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Royal Entomologique d'Egypte, 34, 39 - 68." type="journal article" year="1950">Priesner (1950)</bibRefCitation>
to redefine this species (in SMF) comprises five poorly preserved females mounted irregularly in a row on one slide, but the pair of pronotal posteromesad discal setae is visible on two of these females. A sample of 22 reared females of
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8371247DF7380F7FC5B8198" box="[773,924,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DF7380F7FC5B8198" box="[773,924,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was obtained in
<date id="DD45ABDDF8371247D82F80F6FAD68199" box="[1113,1297,1754,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" value="2010-11">November 2010</date>
, through the courtesy of Mark Hoddle, from a commercial supplier of biocontrol agents in California. These females included several individuals with the tergal colour pattern described for
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8371247DF2D810FFC358050" box="[859,1010,1827,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DF2D810FFC358050" box="[859,1010,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="CD6AF0ECF8371247D86B810EFB098051" author="Priesner" box="[1053,1230,1826,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Priesner, H. (1950) Studies on the genus Scolothrips (Thysanoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Royal Entomologique d'Egypte, 34, 39 - 68." type="journal article" year="1950">Priesner (1950)</bibRefCitation>
, a pattern that can also be seen on the
<typeStatus id="764033BFF8371247DD02816BFE238034" box="[372,484,1863,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="CD6AF0ECF8371247DEFB816AFC818035" author="Stannard" box="[653,838,1862,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Stannard, L. J. (1968) The Thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 29, 213 - 552." type="journal article" year="1968">Stannard (1968)</bibRefCitation>
. In this pattern, the entire median area of terga IIIV, including their posterior margins, is uniformly shaded but with no lateral darker spots (
<figureCitation id="31C09198F8371247D8168146FB6380E9" box="[1120,1188,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1409,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Scolothrips species. (1) S. ochoa, pro, meso and metanota. Head and thorax 2 3 (arrow indicates position of posteromesad discal setae): (2) S. latipennis; (3) S. sexmaculatus. Antenna 4 5: (4) S. ochoa; (5) S. asura. (6) S. brevipilis (in Canada balsam). (7) S. sexmaculatus (in clove oil). (8) S. rhagebianus (in Hoyers mountant)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204062/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The shaded areas on terga VVII of these females are more diffuse and incomplete medially. The metascutum is extensively shaded, and the metascutellum darker. This colour pattern distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8371247DF46819FFC0080A0" box="[816,967,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247DF46819FFC0080A0" box="[816,967,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly from
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8371247D82B819FFB2E80A0" box="[1117,1257,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagebianus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8371247D82B819FFB2E80A0" box="[1117,1257,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">rhagebianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
particularly if freshly collected specimens are examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9448D1DF8361246DCB386BBFEE585EF" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
Three New World species comprise the
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DEF786B4FCDF87DB" box="[641,792,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DEF786B4FCDF87DB" box="[641,792,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, but the significance of two of these,
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246D92A86B4FA5B87DB" box="[1372,1436,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoodi">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246D92A86B4FA5B87DB" box="[1372,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">hoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DCBE8690FEE587BF" box="[200,290,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DCBE8690FEE587BF" box="[200,290,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, remains unclear. These three are distinguished by the presence and extent of shadings on the terga, and
<bibRefCitation id="CD6AF0ECF8361246DCB186F3FE6A879C" box="[199,429,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" refString="Hoddle, M. S., Mound, L. A. &amp; Paris, D. L. (2008) Thrips of California. Cd-rom published by CBIT Publishing, Queensland. http: // keys. lucidcentral. org / keys / v 3 / thrips _ of _ california / Thrips _ of _ California. html" type="book">
Hoddle
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DD5486CDFE9C8793" box="[290,347,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that these colour differences might be due to environmental conditions during larval development, including temperature and the
<typeStatus id="764033BFF8361246DE928729FCD38676" box="[740,788,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
of prey consumed. Specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246D9618728FA908677" box="[1303,1367,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoodi">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246D9618728FA908677" box="[1303,1367,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">hoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(q.v.) have the body more extensively shaded, and the major setae slightly shorter (longest costal seta at fore wing subbasal band no more than 100 microns, but in
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DED38760FCFB860F" box="[677,828,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DED38760FCFB860F" box="[677,828,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
varying 115130 microns). At present,
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246D97E8760FA8F860F" box="[1288,1352,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoodi">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246D97E8760FA8F860F" box="[1288,1352,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">hoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot otherwise be distinguished from the darkest individuals in the series of 22 reared females from California mentioned above. The palest individuals amongst this series have the terga almost without any shading, but each of them has at least the metascutellum shaded, and the pronotum bears paired spots laterally. That is, none of these specimens are as pale as individuals labelled as
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DEDD87F0FCC2869F" box="[683,773,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DEDD87F0FCC2869F" box="[683,773,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Bailey collection (UCD). In all three members of the
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DCE1842CFEE98573" box="[151,302,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DCE1842CFEE98573" box="[151,302,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, also in the closely related
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DF77842CFC4B8573" box="[769,908,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagebianus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DF77842CFC4B8573" box="[769,908,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">rhagebianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sub-basal dark band on the fore wing does not extend fully to the anterior margin of the wing. In contrast, this dark band fully extends to the costal margin of the wing in all other species of
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DD888464FDBA850B" box="[510,637,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DD888464FDBA850B" box="[510,637,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Scolothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DF5C8464FC6D850B" box="[810,938,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DF5C8464FC6D850B" box="[810,938,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (although
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246D8BF8465FA8D850B" box="[1225,1354,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuipennis">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246D8BF8465FA8D850B" box="[1225,1354,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">tenuipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no dark bands).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9448D1DF8361246DCB384A3FA918584" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
Described from California, the “six-spotted thrips” has been widely recorded, but no specimens identifiable as
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246DCE18498FEE985A7" box="[151,302,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculatus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246DCE18498FEE985A7" box="[151,302,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">sexmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been seen from
<collectingCountry id="D1ECCD8DF8361246DE4D8498FD6285A7" box="[571,677,692,716]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Australia</collectingCountry>
. All previously published records of this species from
<collectingCountry id="D1ECCD8DF8361246D9438498FA5B85A7" box="[1333,1436,692,716]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CD6AF0ECF8361246DCE884FBFEFF8584" author="Mound" box="[158,312,727,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" refString="Mound, L. A. (1996) Thysanoptera, pp 249 - 336, 397 - 414 (Index), in Wells, A., Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 26. Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera. Melbourne. CSIRO Australia." type="book chapter" year="1996">Mound, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) are here considered to be based on misidentifications of the Old World species,
<taxonomicName id="6EFBF69EF8361246D8B584F4FA88859B" box="[1219,1359,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagebianus">
<emphasis id="9B8F510FF8361246D8B584F4FA88859B" box="[1219,1359,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">rhagebianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>