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<document id="4A7A324AAE1FAB35FEE6A22FFF39FDF8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426638" ID-ZooBank="74DCF84E-60ED-49EA-B5E2-A794A60E4D06" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1696942088598" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matson, Tanner A." docDate="2023" docId="039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5352.4.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5352 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Achagua cooperae Matson 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="573" masterDocId="FFA0FFD5FFC7E028D30FFFA7FF89FFA1" masterDocTitle="The known species of the genus Achagua Rindge, 1983, with the description of three new species from the Neotropics (Geometridae: Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="576" masterPageNumber="565" pageNumber="571" updateTime="1697115518778" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3211A90B4E95038678FF4F7CF5198D3D">The known species of the genus Achagua Rindge, 1983, with the description of three new species from the Neotropics (Geometridae: Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CCEFBCFB227EF4353625E001FD7EB384">Matson, Tanner A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F47270DE7C89FFFCB26B5AF4AFD719A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C02ED605ED793D78D1CAFD7E8B285E78">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0778101E1B9B7146EC7760E0F4F16F48">2023-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AEC4BFC96505B86AC403D84660882E2D">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9EE00215FEDFA0D0689FCAC7147C6FD1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="48E1442FA6FDA50BCABE5A02AB7A3132" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E15B06D3D34A762532658A1F2DA2735A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="573" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC1E02ED398FA98FDB9FAF8" box="[151,560,1343,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED398FA98FDB9FAF8" blockId="6.[151,757,1343,1442]" box="[151,560,1343,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<heading id="D0C781D7FFC1E02ED398FA98FDB9FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,560,1343,1370]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED398FA98FDB9FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,560,1343,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED398FA98FE69FAF8" authority="Matson" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,480,1343,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED398FA98FEF0FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,377,1343,1370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
Matson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757D2FFC1E02ED2E2FA98FDB9FAF8" box="[493,560,1343,1369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC1E02ED398FAC4FD7CFA03" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED398FAC4FEEFFADC" blockId="6.[151,757,1343,1442]" box="[151,358,1379,1406]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC1E02ED390FAC4FF67FADC" box="[159,238,1379,1405]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,179,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[156,1432,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Achagua adult habitus. (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view. (1) A. obsoleta Rindge, AMNH_IZC 00353009, paratype, (Colombia: Cundinamarca), AMNH; (2) A. magna n. sp., AMNH_IZC 00353021, holotype, (Peru: Cusco), AMNH; (3) A. cooperae n. sp., USNMENT01771270, holotype, (Costa Rica: Alajuela), USNM; (4) A. velata n. sp., holotype, (French Guiana: Régina), MNHN. Scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426640/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC1E02ED3F4FAC3FE82FADF" box="[251,267,1380,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,190,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Achagua male genitalia. (a) genital capsule, (b) phallus. (5) A. obsoleta Rindge, TAM-2023-270, AMNH_IZC 00353009, paratype, AMNH; (6) A. magna n. sp., TAM-2023-268, AMNH_IZC 00353023, paratype. AMNH; (7) A. cooperae n. sp., TAM-2023-251,AMNH_IZC 00353028, paratype, AMNH; (8) A. velata n. sp., TAM-2023-289, holotype, MNHN. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426642/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC1E02ED218FAC4FED7FADC" box="[279,350,1379,1405]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="5.[152,270,1436,1460]" captionStartId-1="9.[152,255,1039,1063]" captionStartId-2="9.[152,255,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox-0="[256,1331,198,1417]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1015]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1413,1136,1720]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@5.[244,1343,198,1429]" captionTargetId-1="figure-16@9.[151,1436,181,1015]" captionTargetId-2="figure-60@9.[162,1426,1124,1726]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–10. Achagua female genitalia. (9) A. obsoleta Rindge, No. 20288, NHMUK010293435, NHMUK; photo credit: Louise Berridge (NHMUK); (10) A. cooperae n. sp., TAM-2023-276, USNMENT01771269, paratype, USNM. Scale bar = 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Geographic distribution of Achagua: A. obsoleta Rindge (star), A. magna n. sp. (triangle), A. cooperae n. sp. (circle), and A. velata n. sp. (square). Single dots may represent&gt;1 individual. Scale bar = 600 km." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. COI neighbor-joining tree generated from all publicly available Achagua sequences. Taxon names followed by BOLD Process ID and country of origin." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426644" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426646" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426648" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8426644/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8426646/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8426648/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">10–12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED398FA20FD7CFA03" blockId="6.[151,757,1343,1442]" box="[151,757,1415,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
LSID:
<uuid id="FF960C6EFFC1E02ED3EBFA20FD7CFA03" box="[228,757,1415,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">2053905A-C10D-464D-A68F-694BF3E7E038</uuid>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC1E02ED398FA68FC4DF88C" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED398FA68FE16F9DB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1487,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED398FA68FE82FA48" bold="true" box="[151,267,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED21FFA68FE6BFA48" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,482,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED21FFA68FE6BFA48" box="[272,482,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently the only member of the genus known from Central America. This species bears a conspicuous antemedial black spot along the forewing inner margin and a weakly gray, discal, reniform spot that are absent in both
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED299F9B0FD88F990" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[406,513,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED299F9B0FD88F990" box="[406,513,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED137F9B0FD37F990" box="[568,702,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED137F9B0FD30F990" box="[568,697,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">A. obsoleta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED0B5F9B0FBC8F990" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[954,1089,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED0B5F9B0FBC8F990" box="[954,1089,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack a spatulate dorsal process of the uncus, a postmedial digitate protuberance on the costa, and cornuti on the vesica, all of which are found in
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED68BF99CFF6AF9D8" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED68BF99CFF6AF9D8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED215F9F8FE11F9D8" box="[282,408,1631,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED215F9F8FE11F9D8" box="[282,408,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. obsoleta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED3C8F924FC4DF88C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1487,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED3C8F924FE10F93C" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,409,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED3C8F924FE10F93C" box="[199,409,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thought to be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED01CF924FCFFF93C" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[787,886,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED01CF924FCFFF93C" box="[787,886,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. velata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One noticeable distinction is the thickness of the black terminal band on the hindwing, which tends to be thinner in
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED07DF900FC71F960" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[882,1016,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED07DF900FC71F960" box="[882,1016,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED780F900FB78F960" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[1167,1265,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED780F900FB78F960" box="[1167,1265,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. velata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While male
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED68BF900FF76F944" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED68BF900FF76F944" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share many genitalic similarities with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED1A1F96CFC98F944" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[686,785,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED1A1F96CFC98F944" box="[686,785,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. velata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal process of the uncus appears to be knob-like in
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED398F948FE97F8A8" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,286,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED398F948FE97F8A8" box="[151,286,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED2A2F948FD99F8A8" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[429,528,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED2A2F948FD99F8A8" box="[429,528,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. velata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is more uniform in shape (
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC1E02ED052F948FC6AF8A8" box="[861,995,1775,1802]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,190,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Achagua male genitalia. (a) genital capsule, (b) phallus. (5) A. obsoleta Rindge, TAM-2023-270, AMNH_IZC 00353009, paratype, AMNH; (6) A. magna n. sp., TAM-2023-268, AMNH_IZC 00353023, paratype. AMNH; (7) A. cooperae n. sp., TAM-2023-251,AMNH_IZC 00353028, paratype, AMNH; (8) A. velata n. sp., TAM-2023-289, holotype, MNHN. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426642/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Figs. 7a, 8a</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED0F8F948FB43F8A8" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[1015,1226,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED0F8F948FB43F8A8" box="[1015,1226,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC1E02ED60EF948FAEDF8A8" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[1281,1380,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED60EF948FAEDF8A8" box="[1281,1380,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">A. velata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be separated by their COI barcode (see Molecular characterization).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC1E02FD3C8F890FEE3FCFD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED3C8F890FCD3F8F0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1487,2017]" box="[199,858,1847,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED3C8F890FE32F8F0" bold="true" box="[199,443,1847,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Description. MALE.</emphasis>
Forewing length,
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC1E02ED187F890FC88F8F3" box="[648,769,1847,1874]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17–18 mm</quantity>
(n = 8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC1E02ED3C8F8FCFDAEF840" blockId="6.[151,1437,1487,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC1E02ED3C8F8FCFE87F8D4" bold="true" box="[199,270,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Head.</emphasis>
Antenna mostly bipectinate, but with gradually diminishing rami that are absent in distal third of antenna; scales above white and light gray, rami dark gray to black. Vertex white; frons mostly light gray. Labial palpus short, decumbent, 1.5x diameter of eye, light gray and white. Chaetosemata in transverse row; cephalic collar mostly white with few black scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FF31FB59FF75" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FF31FEAEFF11" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Thorax.</emphasis>
Patagium, tegula, and mesothorax admixture of gray and white scales. Legs mostly white and mottled with gray; epiphysis well-developed; hind tibia with large hair pencil; tibial spur formula 0–2–4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FF79FAF6FEC5" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FF79FEB6FF59" bold="true" box="[199,319,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Forewing.</emphasis>
Pearly-white; widely scattered with inconspicuous light gray scales. Basal and costal areas lightly maculated with gray to brown scales. Subtle, light gray, transverse antemedial line, and weakly gray, discal, reniform spot. Inner margin with antemedial black spot. Terminal area broadly maculated with brown scales and bearing undulating, subterminal pale stripe within. Underside patterned as in upperside but darkened areas more diffuse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FEC9FEEBFE0D" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FEC9FECCFE29" bold="true" box="[199,325,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Hindwing.</emphasis>
Pearly-white except for blackened terminal area. Underside patterned as in upperside but darkened area more diffuse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FE11FB56FE70" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" box="[199,1247,438,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FE11FECAFE71" bold="true" box="[199,323,438,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Admixture of gray and white. Third sternite of male abdomen with comb of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FE7DFCD2FD09" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FE7DFEBCFE55" bold="true" box="[199,309,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC0E02FD249FE7DFE05FE55" box="[326,396,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,190,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Achagua male genitalia. (a) genital capsule, (b) phallus. (5) A. obsoleta Rindge, TAM-2023-270, AMNH_IZC 00353009, paratype, AMNH; (6) A. magna n. sp., TAM-2023-268, AMNH_IZC 00353023, paratype. AMNH; (7) A. cooperae n. sp., TAM-2023-251,AMNH_IZC 00353028, paratype, AMNH; (8) A. velata n. sp., TAM-2023-289, holotype, MNHN. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426642/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Uncus abruptly widened at base; dorsal process larger, gradually enlarging to pronounced swelling at distal third and with knob-like apex; ventral process large and thumb-like. Base of gnathos subquadrangular with upcurved, heavily sclerotized, and pointed apical projection; projection lightly papillated. Valve elongate, quadrate, and large with heavily sclerotized costa; apex strongly falcate. Anellar processes large and triangular, directed inward, and with apical recurved hooks. Juxta with medial, elongate cylindrical process with acuminate apex. Vesica with small medial sclerotized fold; cornuti absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FD15FBFEFD6D" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" box="[199,1143,690,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FD15FECFFD6D" bold="true" box="[199,326,690,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">FEMALE.</emphasis>
Forewing length,
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC0E02FD11CFD15FDEBFD6C" box="[531,610,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
(n = 2). Outwardly undifferentiated from male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8FD71FEE3FCFD" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8FD71FEBCFD51" bold="true" box="[199,309,726,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC0E02FD24AFD71FE11FD51" box="[325,408,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–10" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1436,1460]" captionTargetBox="[256,1331,198,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[244,1343,198,1429]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–10. Achagua female genitalia. (9) A. obsoleta Rindge, No. 20288, NHMUK010293435, NHMUK; photo credit: Louise Berridge (NHMUK); (10) A. cooperae n. sp., TAM-2023-276, USNMENT01771269, paratype, USNM. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426644/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales rounded; posterior apophysis 2.5x longer than anterior apophysis. Lamella antevaginalis cordiform; ostium opening into short, lightly sclerotized ductus bursae. Corpus bursae posteriorly narrow, opening into ovoid anterior portion. Signum large and invaginated, appearing somewhat cone-like; surface lightly denticulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC0E02FD398FC09FD2DF941" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398FC09FED9FC69" blockId="7.[151,336,942,968]" box="[151,336,942,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<heading id="D0C781D7FFC0E02FD398FC09FED9FC69" bold="true" box="[151,336,942,968]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD398FC09FED9FC69" bold="true" box="[151,336,942,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<typeStatus id="548B8819FFC0E02FD398FC09FF5DFC69" box="[151,212,942,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Type</typeStatus>
Material.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CE6FFC0E02FD398FC51FAD9FBDD" collectingDate="2010-02-14" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. Franco &amp; H. Cambronero" country="Costa Rica" elevation="725" location="Rincon Rain Forest" municipality="Area De Conservacion" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" specimenCode="BLPDQ563" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alajuela" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398FC51FE8DFBB1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1014,1149]" box="[151,260,1014,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<heading id="D0C781D7FFC0E02FD398FC51FE8DFBB1" bold="true" box="[151,260,1014,1040]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD398FC51FE8DFBB1" bold="true" box="[151,260,1014,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<typeStatus id="548B8819FFC0E02FD398FC51FE8DFBB1" box="[151,260,1014,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398FBBDFAD9FBDD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1014,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFC0E02FD398FBBDFEB3FB95" box="[151,314,1050,1076]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
• ♁;
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD273FBBDFE57FB95" box="[380,478,1050,1076]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, ACG [
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACC1FFC0E02FD13AFBBDFCB5FB95" box="[565,828,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Area De Conservación</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD04AFBBDFC45FB95" box="[837,972,1050,1076]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
],
<location id="8EEF6060FFC0E02FD0EFFBBDFB4BFB94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25:8EEF6060FFC0E02FD0EFFBBDFB4BFB94" box="[992,1218,1050,1077]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Area De Conservacion" name="Rincon Rain Forest" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" stateProvince="Alajuela">Rincon Rain Forest</location>
, casa de
<location id="8EEF6060FFC0E02FD621FBBDFF6FFBF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25:8EEF6060FFC0E02FD621FBBDFF6FFBF9" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Area De Conservacion" name="Oscar Albergue" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" stateProvince="Alajuela">Oscar Albergue</location>
; (10.866°, -85.326°); elev.
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC0E02FD118FB99FDE8FBF8" box="[535,609,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="m" value="725.0">
<elevation id="001DD188FFC0E02FD118FB99FDE8FBF8" box="[535,609,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FF8E107BFFC0E02FD162FB99FC8DFBF9" box="[621,772,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" value="2010-02-14">
<collectingDate id="EFCAE993FFC0E02FD162FB99FC8DFBF9" box="[621,772,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" value="2010-02-14">14 Feb. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C5536DFFC0E02FD01FFB98FBD8FBF9" box="[784,1105,1086,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">R. Franco &amp; H. Cambronero</collectorName>
leg. (light trap);
<location id="8EEF6060FFC0E02FD61EFB99FA10FBF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25:8EEF6060FFC0E02FD61EFB99FA10FBF8" box="[1297,1433,1086,1113]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Area De Conservacion" name="Sample IDs" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" stateProvince="Alajuela">Sample IDs</location>
: 10-SRNP-105189;
<location id="8EEF6060FFC0E02FD260FBC5FD8BFBDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25:8EEF6060FFC0E02FD260FBC5FD8BFBDC" box="[367,514,1122,1149]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Area De Conservacion" name="Bold Process" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" stateProvince="Alajuela">Bold Process</location>
ID:
<specimenCode id="DB969EC0FFC0E02FD13AFBC5FD4BFBDC" box="[565,706,1122,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">BLPDQ563</specimenCode>
-10;
<location id="8EEF6060FFC0E02FD1E0FBC5FCD4FBDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987ADFFC1E020D398FA98FB8CFD25:8EEF6060FFC0E02FD1E0FBC5FCD4FBDD" box="[751,861,1122,1148]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Area De Conservacion" name="GenBank" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" stateProvince="Alajuela">GenBank</location>
: HQ934011; USNMENT01771270;
<collectionCode id="ED21AE7EFFC0E02FD7F7FBC5FAC4FBDD" box="[1272,1357,1122,1148]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398FB0DFEE6FB69" blockId="7.[151,1437,1194,1544]" box="[151,367,1194,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<heading id="D0C781D7FFC0E02FD398FB0DFEE6FB69" bold="true" box="[151,367,1194,1224]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD398FB0DFEE6FB69" bold="true" box="[151,367,1194,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<typeStatus id="548B8819FFC0E02FD398FB0DFE86FB65" box="[151,271,1194,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(6♁,
<specimenCount id="9D36FD32FFC0E02FD25FFB0BFEECFB69" box="[336,357,1196,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398FB69FF7DF9A9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1194,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFC0E02FD398FB69FEB5FB49" box="[151,316,1230,1256]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
• 2♁,
<specimenCount id="9D36FD32FFC0E02FD299FB68FE25FB48" box="[406,428,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as
<typeStatus id="548B8819FFC0E02FD1D1FB69FCCDFB49" box="[734,836,1230,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">holotype</typeStatus>
; Sample IDs: 10-SRNP-105551, 10-SRNP-105757, 10-SRNP-105758; Bold Process IDs: BLPDQ925-10, BLPDR132-10, BLPDR133-10; GenBank: HQ934144, HQ934347, HQ934348; Genitalia: TAM-2023-289; USNMENT01771269, USNMENT01771271; USN- MENT01771272; USNM • ♁;
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD2F9FA9DFDD1FAF5" box="[502,600,1338,1364]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, ACG [Area De Conservación
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD0B4FA9DFBCBFAF5" box="[955,1090,1338,1364]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
], Rincon Rain Forest, túnel de Oscar Albergue; (10.868°, -85.327°); elev.
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC0E02FD177FAF9FD4BFAD8" box="[632,706,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="m" value="708.0">708 m</quantity>
;
<date id="FF8E107BFFC0E02FD1C2FAF9FCEDFAD9" box="[717,868,1374,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" value="2010-02-14">14 Feb. 2010</date>
; S. Rios &amp; F. Quesada leg. (light trap); Sample ID: 10-SRNP-105667; Bold Process ID: BLPDR042-10; GenBank: HQ934257; USNMENT01771273; USNM • 3♁;
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD398FA00FE9CFA60" box="[151,277,1447,1473]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC0E02FD22DFA01FEE2FA61" box="[290,363,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
NE of San Vito at Las Alturas Field Station; elev.
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC0E02FD0BBFA01FB81FA61" box="[948,1032,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46304" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="ft" value="4800.0">4800 ft</quantity>
; [27–29]
<date id="FF8E107BFFC0E02FD779FA01FB62FA61" box="[1142,1259,1446,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" value="1992-04">Apr. 1992</date>
; C. Snyder leg. (at light); Genitalia: F.H.R. No. 21326 and TAM-2023-251;
<collectionCode id="ED21AE7EFFC0E02FD05BFA6DFC23FA45" box="[852,938,1482,1508]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">AMNH</collectionCode>
_IZC 00353026 to
<collectionCode id="ED21AE7EFFC0E02FD786FA6DFB56FA45" box="[1161,1247,1482,1508]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">AMNH</collectionCode>
_IZC 00353028;
<collectionCode id="ED21AE7EFFC0E02FD398FA49FF79F9A9" box="[151,240,1518,1544]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">AMNH</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398F991FE5CF9F1" blockId="7.[151,469,1590,1616]" box="[151,469,1590,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<heading id="D0C781D7FFC0E02FD398F991FE5CF9F1" bold="true" box="[151,469,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD398F991FE5CF9F1" bold="true" box="[151,469,1590,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Other Material Examined.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD398F9D9FD2DF941" blockId="7.[151,1437,1662,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFC0E02FD398F9D9FE8CF939" box="[151,261,1662,1688]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
• ♁;
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD24CF9D8FE23F938" box="[323,426,1663,1689]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, Los Tuxtlas, Sierra Sta. Martha, Arroyo Claro, Neck Point;
<date id="FF8E107BFFC0E02FD757F9D9FB7BF939" box="[1112,1266,1662,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" value="1977-03-19">19 Mar. 1977</date>
; R. Sánchez S. leg.; Genitalia: TAM-2023-315; CNIN •
<specimenCount id="9D36FD32FFC0E02FD151F904FDFDF91C" box="[606,628,1699,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFC0E02FD18EF904FD61F91C" box="[641,744,1699,1725]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, Est. Biol. de Los Tuxtlas; Alt.
<quantity id="4CC89B5EFFC0E02FD74BF905FB04F91C" box="[1092,1165,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
;
<date id="FF8E107BFFC0E02FD797F905FAA5F91C" box="[1176,1324,1698,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" value="1985-04-01">01 Apr. 1985</date>
; P. Sinaca leg.; Genitalia: TAM-2023-316; 10194; CNIN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC0E02FD3C8F8A9FBEBF835" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8F8A9FBEBF835" blockId="7.[151,1437,1806,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8F8A9FED0F889" bold="true" box="[199,345,1806,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFC0E02FD265F8A9FE33F889" box="[362,442,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1039,1063]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[151,1436,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 11. Geographic distribution of Achagua: A. obsoleta Rindge (star), A. magna n. sp. (triangle), A. cooperae n. sp. (circle), and A. velata n. sp. (square). Single dots may represent&gt;1 individual. Scale bar = 600 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426646/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC0E02FD2DDF8A9FD2CF889" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[466,677,1806,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD2DDF8A9FD2CF889" box="[466,677,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to inhabit the Isthmian-Pacific and Atlantic moist forests of
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFC0E02FD3B7F895FEBEF8ED" box="[184,311,1842,1868]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, but its distribution in other parts of Central America remains uncertain. Notably, two individuals were collected from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, a remote volcanic range situated along the southeastern coast of the Veracruz Gulf in Mexico. These are tentatively regarded as conspecific (see Remarks).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFC0E02FD3C8F839FF53F87D" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFC0E02FD3C8F839FF53F87D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1806,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD3C8F839FEAEF819" bold="true" box="[199,295,1950,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Biology.</emphasis>
The life history of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFC0E02FD100F838FD10F819" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[527,665,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFC0E02FD100F838FD10F819" box="[527,665,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown. Adult are known to fly from February through April.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFCFE020D3C8FF31FAE0FEE1" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFCFE020D3C8FF31FAE0FEE1" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D3C8FF31FEC7FF11" bold="true" box="[199,334,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFCFE020D258FF31FDA2FF11" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[343,555,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D258FF31FDA2FF11" box="[343,555,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is named in honor of Loretta Faye Cooper, former Senior Development Officer, and Deputy Director for Advancement at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. Loretta’s dedication to museum research is unparalleled, and her tireless efforts to raise awareness and secure funding for the conservation and study of the natural world make her a true champion for both people and the environment. Loretta’s support for the Area de Conservación
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFCFE020D1A3FE81FCA4FEE1" box="[684,813,294,320]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
is particularly noteworthy and greatly appreciated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFCFE020D3C8FEEDFAA1FE29" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFCFE020D3C8FEEDFAA1FE29" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D3C8FEEDFD9DFEC5" bold="true" box="[199,532,330,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Molecular characterization.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFCFE020D113FEEDFD66FEC5" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[540,751,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D113FEEDFD66FEC5" box="[540,751,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Achagua cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented in BOLD by the BIN: BOLD:AAM6724 (n = 5). The pairwise distance to the nearest neighbor,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFCFE020D1CBFEC9FCFBFE29" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[708,882,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D1CBFEC9FCFBFE29" box="[708,882,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Achagua velata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 1,
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFCFE020D0C4FEC9FBFCFE29" box="[971,1141,366,392]" name="French Guiana" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
), is about 3.8%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6530FFCFE020D3C8FE35FB8CFD25" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFCFE020D3C8FE35FD96FD9C" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D3C8FE35FEB2FE0D" bold="true" box="[199,315,402,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Remarks.</emphasis>
I tentatively regard two individuals from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas of
<collectingRegion id="49F4F859FFCFE020D746FE34FB39FE0C" box="[1097,1200,403,429]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFCFE020D7B5FE35FA9BFE0D" box="[1210,1298,402,428]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFCFE020D632FE34FF40FE71" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D632FE34FF40FE71" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, I have opted not to include these individuals in the
<typeStatus id="548B8819FFCFE020D086FE10FC30FE70" box="[905,953,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">type</typeStatus>
series. While the genitalia of both sexes in this Mexican population are consistent with those in
<collectingCountry id="F327762BFFCFE020D1E5FE7DFCEEFE55" box="[746,871,474,500]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, the Sierra de los Tuxtlas is a region characterized by biological endemism (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4AFFCFE020D2BEFE59FC8DFDB9" author="Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. &amp; Morrone, J. J. &amp; Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." box="[433,772,510,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" pagination="175 - 194" refId="ref7074" refString="Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Morrone, J. J. &amp; Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. (2008) Distributional patterns of the Neotropical humid montane forest avifaunas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 94 (1), 175 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2008.00979. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Sánchez-González
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D185FE58FD32FDB9" box="[650,699,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
), and further, this population is disjunct from the remaining known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D38FFCFE020D29EFD84FD91FD9D" authorityName="Matson" authorityYear="2023" box="[401,536,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Achagua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperae">
<emphasis id="B944EAA9FFCFE020D29EFD84FD91FD9D" box="[401,536,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">A. cooperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36BBFFCFE020D3C8FDE1FB8CFD25" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">
The male phallus depicted in
<figureCitation id="130B2A3EFFCFE020D11FFDE1FDF4FDC1" box="[528,637,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,190,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Achagua male genitalia. (a) genital capsule, (b) phallus. (5) A. obsoleta Rindge, TAM-2023-270, AMNH_IZC 00353009, paratype, AMNH; (6) A. magna n. sp., TAM-2023-268, AMNH_IZC 00353023, paratype. AMNH; (7) A. cooperae n. sp., TAM-2023-251,AMNH_IZC 00353028, paratype, AMNH; (8) A. velata n. sp., TAM-2023-289, holotype, MNHN. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426642/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">Figure 7b</figureCitation>
may give the impression of a spinate cornutus. However, this is an artifact of the preparation and the structure in question is rather a sclerotized fold.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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