288 lines
35 KiB
XML
288 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="56BB855DD39F045283BB8797408548D7" ID-CLB-Dataset="30125" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7392eb62-5d84-4f6a-8c8a-9f4e351a84a7" ID-PMC="PMC5953965" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-755-1" ID-PubMed="29769836" ID-ZooBank="AADE14787C914355B776C4AEF28347BF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-755-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 755" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" checkinTime="1525801749154" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Onuferko, Thomas M." docDate="2018" docId="F9EE81705FA02A6E5A22E57BE898BDF5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 755: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 755" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" docTitle="Epeolus novomexicanus Cockerell 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="D91DD51C1718C109FF8EFFA6FFF3FF9F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1701379395747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D171C83711C523B3D9BD6A45C70BD1A4">A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18F56EAEA45DE8057467B3944D3C7CA9">Onuferko, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4E20C3C4C10A13CDE2B03F25DB72E141">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F9EE81705FA02A6E5A22E57BE898BDF5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143842345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9EE81705FA02A6E5A22E57BE898BDF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9EE81705FA02A6E5A22E57BE898BDF5" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
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<subSubSection id="B1F40A2F30B3405473A4C06F4990B173" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4ABBDCCAA105495EC0AA9950803555C3" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
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35.
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<taxonomicName id="4C8AE7B66F59ACD8228CBEA157B37AFB" ID-CoL="6FNRX" authority="Cockerell, 1912" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus novomexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">Epeolus novomexicanus Cockerell, 1912</taxonomicName>
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Figs 73, 74, 97E, 99B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0E1D502D0CF33D6B2312E9630AC079E6" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="44571A11FF4CA19C702673B5F9F3B145" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="9830ACC73002030D2028E91FC5974D6B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus novomexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">
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<pageBreakToken id="0D1D1BF9F1D0580E32549D8787D7F72A" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" start="start">Epeolus</pageBreakToken>
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novomexicanus
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</taxonomicName>
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Cockerell, 1912. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 10: 487 (♂).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="446FA1CDAD9D4B64CE77CD80F87696C6" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7FD6CFED4AE011202AB4E4C11140608B" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3251B7A3A98771CB7F43E3FAF325A548" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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The following morphological features in combination (excluding any that are specific to the opposite sex of the one being diagnosed) can be used to tell
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<taxonomicName id="16566659B9BCBA2DF832CADF996F7C75" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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apart from all other North American
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<taxonomicName id="0480C4D2374482AF0D34F53DBF4BB4B5" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="72391D18E346C5A9041244E4E098540F" lsidName="E. basili" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="basili">E. basili</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F222B53F594CDD2F5C9453F99BB4B1F1" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="243CD82FA6826362A28401198DE3C40E" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
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: the axilla is large, with the tip extending well beyond the midlength of the mesoscutellum but at most to the band of pale tomentum along its posterior margin, dilated laterally, and ferruginous to some degree whereas the mesoscutellum is typically all black; the
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<normalizedToken id="42D04683DE08A84152FB4AE16BB47816" originalValue="axilla’s">axilla's</normalizedToken>
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free portion is clearly less than 2/5 as long as its entire medial length; the mesopleuron is closely (most i<1d) and evenly punctate, that of the female is obscured by white tomentum only in the upper half (with a large, sparsely hairy circle occupying much of the ventrolateral half) whereas that of the male (excluding the hypoepimeral area) is entirely obscured by white tomentum; T2-T4 have complete and evenly broad fasciae; the T2 fascia has lobe-like anterolateral extensions of tomentum; and the pseudopygidial area of the female is lunate and wider than long (the apex ≤2
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<normalizedToken id="D65B40986BB354F83B2FA9DB410C33B5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the medial length).
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<taxonomicName id="0B9E6E1A54A736AEC05890B451CE682C" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus basili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basili">Epeolus basili</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4CFEABE1A3F0AD99EC15A3C350D27CDE" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C8555F72B7BE70E01A2364086DCFFB5E" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="6DD2D9A4DFFBD64241E908484B067494" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
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are all extremely similar to one another.
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<taxonomicName id="85240481A5FB3B018B4A1F69B212505B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus novomexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">Epeolus novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="DE1874FF83FC1D16BBEC519AE4F26DED" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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, but in
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<taxonomicName id="A18787386E36F2207B59865BDF240493" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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the mesoscutum is entirely obscured by pale tomentum and the metasomal terga (excluding the brown translucent apical margins) are entirely black whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="B99DD40F947CFAFB44F19E86CDDBE37B" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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the mesoscutum usually has distinct paramedian bands and at least the integument beneath the T1 apical fascia is ferruginous, as are sometimes the rest of the tergum and other terga. In
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<taxonomicName id="08728F49037893161EB1314446426FC8" lsidName="E. basili" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="basili">E. basili</taxonomicName>
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the metasomal terga are also ferruginous to some degree, but the T2 and T3 (for female) or T2-T4 (for male) fasciae are narrowed medially and removed from the apical margin (in
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<taxonomicName id="E3F69D1C0C72BA756BCFFAFD00D6FFD6" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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the T2-T4 fasciae are on or very little removed from the apical margin), and the pseudopygidial area of the female is ≥2
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<normalizedToken id="DFD1CD3F110BD7FF9CA513D9994E67DE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the medial length. Whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="8E336E349AB3D9707226ED3620D772B2" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
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the flagellum, except sometimes F1, and metasomal sterna are consistently brown or black and clearly not the same reddish-orange color as the legs (tibiae to tarsi), in
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<taxonomicName id="A0E1F125DD7CFD17697D0E674EC422C6" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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the flagellum, at least ventrally, is the same reddish-orange color as the legs (tibiae to tarsi) as are usually the metasomal sterna.
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<taxonomicName id="A34F2858ED850B5E2B9C98C22CF992B7" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus novomexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">Epeolus novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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is also similar to
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<taxonomicName id="41A1336B5524ADEADC3506EFED527378" lsidName="E. scutellaris" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="scutellaris">E. scutellaris</taxonomicName>
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in that the axilla is large, with the lateral margin arcuate, and that the apical fasciae are complete. However, in
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<taxonomicName id="DC5EDAFFA1F2F2A01FA6FDBF0EECE292" lsidName="E. scutellaris" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="scutellaris">E. scutellaris</taxonomicName>
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the pseudopygidial area of the female is much wider (the apex ~2.5-3
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<normalizedToken id="6BB688CEEBAB39B7718C43B5BF94A4E2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the medial length) than in
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<taxonomicName id="675AEE046719E0E1B78C41CF8AF5FFA1" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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, and the mesopleuron of both the female and male is obscured by white tomentum only in the upper half (with a large, sparsely hairy circle occupying much of the ventrolateral half).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEEBFF6D572482789C272820F7973803" lastPageId="124" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="FA0350CDFAD6F9C316A90715A3B5AF3C" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1BDBCECE89B634EA1E02B2071B3EDE83" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">MALE: Length 6.1 mm; head length 1.7 mm; head width 2.3 mm; fore wing length 4.4 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A7653665C701F44E99530A367EBE7B8" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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Integument coloration. Mostly black; notable exceptions as follows: at least partially ferruginous on mandible, labrum, antenna, pronotal lobe, tegula, axilla, legs, metasomal terga (including pygidial plate), and metasomal sterna. Mandible with apex darker than rest of mandible; preapical tooth slightly lighter than mandibular apex (difficult to see in holotype because mandible closed; described from non-type specimens). Antenna brown and orange in part. Pronotal lobe and tegula pale ferruginous to amber.
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<pageBreakToken id="34B5001BD6091981D2F6B9A7764D2B04" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" start="start">Wing</pageBreakToken>
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membrane subhyaline, apically dusky. Legs more extensively reddish orange than brown or black. S1-S6 reddish orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB7DE848B62BB61ADEAD574BA755360C" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Pubescence. Face with tomentum partly rubbed off in holotype, but white and densest around antennal socket in non-type specimens. Tomentum slightly sparser on clypeus; upper paraocular and frontal areas, and vertexal area mostly exposed. Dorsum of mesosoma and metasoma with bands of off-white to pale yellow short appressed setae. Mesoscutum with paramedian band partly obscured by surrounding pale tomentum. Mesopleuron (excluding hypoepimeral area) entirely obscured by white tomentum (except where rubbed off in holotype). Metanotum with tomentum uninterrupted, uniformly off white. T1 with narrow and short discal patch partly obscured by pale tomentum. T2-T5 each with complete fascia (T6 mostly retracted in holotype, but with complete fascia in non-type specimens), T2 with fascia with wide basomedially convergent anterolateral extensions of tomentum. S4 and S5 with long coppery to silvery subapical hairs, which individually are often darker apically.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3510AEED729AA9037E8B9BC100C2E7E" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Surface sculpture. Punctures dense. Labrum with larger and sparser punctures (i=1-2d) than clypeus (i<1d). Small impunctate shiny spot lateral to lateral ocellus. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and axilla coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Tegula densely punctate (i≤2d). Mesopleuron with ventrolateral half densely punctate (i<1d) to rugose; mesopleuron with punctures more or less equally dense throughout. Metasomal terga with punctures very fine, dense (i≈1d), evenly distributed on disc.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2364A918ACADD2804429E4B25C8634ED" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<pageBreakToken id="D71845E01825618E33E0A5158B007D07" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" start="start">Structure</pageBreakToken>
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. Preapical tooth obtuse. Labrum with pair of small subapical denticles not preceded by carinae. Frontal keel not strongly raised. Scape with greatest length 1.8
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<normalizedToken id="6C0458A84E2DAEAD15170996A66409E6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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greatest width. F2 as long as wide (L/W ratio = 1.0). Preoccipital ridge not joining hypostomal carina, from which it is separated by no less than 1 MOD at its terminal. Mesoscutellum weakly bigibbous. Axilla large, its lateral margin (L) half as long as mesoscutellar width (W) (L/W ratio = 0.5) and tip extending well beyond midlength of mesoscutellum but not as far back as its posterior margin; axilla with tip clearly visible, but unattached to mesoscutellum for less than 2/5 the medial length of axilla; axilla with lateral margin arcuate. Fore wing with three submarginal cells. Pygidial plate apically rounded, with large deep punctures closely clustered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6FADCF467E0A11F34FDFBB3F436181B" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">FEMALE: Description as for male except for usual secondary sexual characters and as follows: F2 noticeably longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.5); mesopleuron densely hairy, except for two sparsely hairy circular patches (one behind pronotal lobe, a larger one occupying much of ventrolateral half of mesopleuron); T5 with large, continuous patch of pale tomentum bordering and contacting pseudopygidial area present only in female; T5 with pseudopygidial area lunate, its apex less than twice as wide as medial length, indicated by silvery setae on impressed disc of apicomedial region elevated from rest of tergum; S4 and S5 with much shorter hairs (S5 with apical fimbria of coppery to silvery hairs extending beyond apex of sternum by ~1/3 MOD); pygidial plate apically truncate, with small, denser punctures.</paragraph>
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<caption id="3E2C1CC495D8D6ECAC77EA1255F2AEF0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph id="D143B1321B3F31661BC14E52D4C6A7FA" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Figure 73.
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<taxonomicName id="BB9BEBE1EDB0D6EF973EBB1F29FE76D9" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus novomexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">Epeolus novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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A female, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm) B female, dorsal habitus (scale bar 3 mm) C male, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm), and D female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm; blue lines indicate the posterior extent of the axilla relative to the length of the mesoscutellum; red lines indicate the extent of the free portion of the axilla relative to its entire medial length).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADEB86919F00F3B0C0276141729B0F40" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="1E2D3C799837DB3FBCFA35185498AE76" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="203FE5F7D0C4B5A2D1631D4656D4DD1C" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Western North America (Fig. 74).</paragraph>
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<caption id="4F5FE3CC63CA9CE7A5A669553544F3F8" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph id="B385D6BBC910E0CF309BDB4A3BE78EC5" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Figure 74. Approximate geographic range of
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<taxonomicName id="A65C087913DE40A0E9C5B4344A5ABA4D" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
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(orange) based on occurrence records known to the author (yellow circles).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31CB291A7E184B31291B33873BB8436E" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="DC9D3E65A0A214FEC45E80BEFA54247E" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="36DBADBBEA4BE4A10DAC27ECDE510821" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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HOST RECORDS:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBB07025707179B4C6E5F71809643AD1" author="Torchio, PF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="182 - 187" title="Observations on the biology of Colletesciliatoides (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae)." volume="38" year="1965">Torchio (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported an association between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B34F663CEF87CB796F9FC99E638E2640" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(identified as such by R. Brumley) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9F65A06F4261E06E0C84D599C25977" lsidName="C. ciliatoides" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="ciliatoides">C. ciliatoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stephen (identified as such by W. Stephen, who in 1954 described the species) based on observations of females of the former entering the nests of females of the latter from an aggregation near Delta, Utah, USA.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0BCE78EBB0E504C15B66987A64CB20" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Brumley (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that a series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E79523624027F6BC58404678247865C2" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens taken from the Great Basin (primarily Utah) differed from other members of that species in having a reddish orange labrum, clypeus, antenna, mesopleuron, and metasomal terga and/or sterna; broader metasomal fasciae; and often denser pubescence on the mesoscutum. Herein, specimens matching that description are recognized as a separate albeit closely-related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3545FBA5B71B9A1AC759C8020552D5C8" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="905A017CCAE9754FCD300E6171CACE79" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Brumley (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered to be synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E83E22BBB6A1DF4721A79B0F1FB8E823" lsidName="E. crucis" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="crucis">E. crucis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a name herein synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A402E19BAEC857838FB3F2F3C827D02" lsidName="E. compactus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="compactus">E. compactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C858C6991EF5511EB39FC3AFE740DF5A" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
FLORAL RECORDS: Labels of examined voucher specimens indicate floral associations with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD8E61A0529B35A82BF37AA907307A2E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chrysothamnus" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrysothamnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(possibly in reference to plants that now are in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58E55F794F6A580D90F501A271D40A6F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ericameria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ericameria" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ericameria</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BEFE589AFD5714D2E2885EAF05E94F4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Erigeron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erigeron" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erigeron</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8051E244D445D4BE2A0BD0BE7FADA7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Haplopappus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haplopappus" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Haplopappus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cass. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1EEDB057E51B99D13AFC72950122A00" family="Compositae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="family">Compositae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="783B3E1D24EFE81065E796C8BA289A1F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthus" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Helianthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C3D1238C0DA30D819ECC4FC691356EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lupinus" order="Fabales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lupinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57CE40812D8CB9BE892C8D07A36EA523" family="Leguminosae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECEF217BDA97E58544CFE5975A276D82" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Machaeranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Machaeranthera" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Machaeranthera</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AF7BF3A39723FC256251045C58D09CF" family="Compositae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="family">Compositae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40BBBC9DD8425DB6FC106E094F53A702" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio spartioides" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">Senecio spartioides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Torr. & A. Gray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FDAC355A5329A08F5289E8E89527F73" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="243B4C23F96E6248E875C180F31C175A" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B4171577716FFC0918FC294B9C337BC8" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="869147068E90F171373E545847E9FD2B" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Brumley (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0296266F28F7E9104D12D899D66F1FD2" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FCD7EDD116C1DB4F0CE461118FE2C6B" lsidName="E. rufulus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="rufulus">E. rufulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2211750FA33E2E32B63E344D631FDC25" lsidName="E. crucis" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="crucis">E. crucis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a name which herein is recognized as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E789C910EA9528D37A1651BA52FF3D6B" lsidName="E. compactus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="compactus">E. compactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F80F432659F2AD8725938C0AA4CCEAA4" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F3F7E2FFE5934E52FBD886562F33EFB" lsidName="E. rufulus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="rufulus">E. rufulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considered to be valid names associated with two very different species, with the former most closely resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55DE6361041C2BEF6477078C6570C25B" lsidName="E. basili" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="basili">E. basili</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2191E687332C63840865A4F4A7372BA0" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51ECD1B04A0C9280B0AB9FCF38AB97F6" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although sequenced specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71D2AF4E5E48E99B65799D10D62ED674" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="842821D0A994F7F3E66C915D69C2E6E8" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the same BIN, and were previously all regarded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E237AC6A685F4F27CB41F7FEBF0AD2" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="575D8ADCBF4717135F8C0B98EE9E079D" author="Onuferko, TM" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" url="https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2017.30" year="2017">Onuferko 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the difference in coloration and pubescence between the two forms is as pronounced
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="399302F91DF09762C155DB399A2EBBFA" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, if not more than, that between the true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DCABEA26B052554F017A863ED8F3E96" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sequenced representatives of the two members of the "pusillus group" (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60AE1092614986A102E22F7C9A37E26F" lsidName="E. basili" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="basili">E. basili</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AEED65080ECE133558A5362C12F8721" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that were assigned separate BINs. Hence, with strong molecular support for partitioning this species group into three distinct clusters in which four distinct forms can be recognized morphologically, I have opted to treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3201BDA0AF98EB5F0B7B4B85397E7BE1" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBD2CFFBF02A98DD4F840988B8E4EAE2" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as heterospecific. The holotypes (both males) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1F62E4AAA8D01BC7B4167DAE4C4C2FC" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="923C7C117222FC0292560246A0197695" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similarly covered in dense tomentum and closely resemble one another, and it should be noted that sequenced specimens resembling the holotypes of both species but from nearer the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="038A091371C5670BA87DA76B9D886EB9" lsidName="E. novomexicanus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">E. novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were assigned a BIN that is not shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B614086CE45B6793096B923B7C7F5161" lsidName="E. nebulosus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="nebulosus">E. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is instead shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15E5641440FE137A3984DA5AF86E79F6" lsidName="E. pusillus" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="pusillus">E. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26BBFBE401BA4C372667CA81F10C4303" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C3B393A0037CC90596204E441875E8C" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Material studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92E65FC078E0B470037CB623C0546D79" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Type material. Primary: USA: New Mexico: Santa Fe, 02.viii.1912, T.D. Cockerell (holotype ♂ [USNM, catalog number: 534049]).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E03B5F072BD8C7021E4E0BCB52BA001E" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A3243789F50EF4837BB6ABCBEA346628" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">DNA barcoded material with BIN-compliant sequences.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92E06D97251A3E25B1DE0B05E202C6C0" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Available. BOLD:AAX7180. Specimens examined and sequenced.-USA: Utah: 4.17 mi SE Wig Mountain (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F7CDBA1B31B8F4769583AD0AAC42EF35" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="40.2876">40.2876°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32C3929BA5E3260A0C4CAA3F3F57D9B1" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-113.039">113.0390°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (Toole County), 26.ix.2005, T.L. Griswold (1♀, BBSL); Beef Basin Rd (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4AA534A8A831D2F1B87BFB0A6340AB9B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.0846">38.0846°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0843EBFB002DBD61C6B79CBC587D76EA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-109.5765">109.5765°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (N Cottonwood Creek, San Juan County), 03.x.2014, M.C. Orr (1♀, BBSL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C77843708753019FD2EDF5BC6547A3B3" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="02AE9A597E8D234E7F1D8CB34CD366DA" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Non-barcoded material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6137C0BF981A47AD820CA59CF6D0184D" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
USA: Arizona: Near Hyde Park (Coconino County), 28.ix.1964, Timberlake (1♂, USNM); California: 8 mi W Coalinga (Fresno County), 28.ix.1957, R.R. Snelling (1♂, LACM); Los Angeles County, ix.????, Coquillett (1♀, USNM); Sugar Loaf Mountain (Modoc County), 12.ix.1969, E.E. Grissell and R.F. Denno (1♀, 1♂, UCBME); Victorville, 28.ix.1938, Timberlake (1♂, USNM); Colorado: Boulder (Boulder County), 28.viii.1976, U.N. Lanham (1♂, CUM); Great Sand Dunes National Monument (Alamosa County), 22.ix.1979, F.M. Brown (1♀, CUM); Great Sand Dunes National Monument (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="632DDADC1D9EC8B829DF3F74ECAF34B1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="37.6629">37.6629°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A79FE26E2C1FCC77B193E19AAE6513DB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-105.6212">105.6212°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (Alamosa County), 24.viii.2000, A.L. Hicks and V. Scott (1♀, 5♂, CUM); White Rocks (Boulder County), 24.vii.1934, C.H. Hicks (1♀, CUM); Idaho: Homedale, 16.viii.1974, R.M. Bohart (1♀, 1♂, UCBME); Montana: Ashland (Rosebud County), 11.viii.1970, D.R. Miller (1♀, USNM); Nebraska: Smiley Canyon (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36E96C8874614E0715B16B5DF1233542" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="42.7964">42.7964°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="673FA426E0317E581BC777541691D213" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-103.4045">103.4045°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (Fort Robinson State Park, Sioux County), 05.ix.1999, A.L. Hicks and V. Scott (1♀, CUM); Nevada: The Needle Rocks (N end Pyramid Lake, Washoe County), 15.ix.1983, J. Doyen (1♂, EMEC); New Mexico: Laguna, 07.viii.1966, D.R. Miller (1♀, 1♂, UCBME); Near Tecolote, 05.ix.??30 (1♀, USNM); White Sands National Monument (near Alamogordo), 01.ix.1940, H.G. Rodeck (1♂, CUM); North Dakota: 1 mi SE McLeod (Ransom County), 26.viii.1972, J.R. Powers (1♀, EMEC); Oregon: Deep Creek (1 mi E Adel, Lake County), 13.ix.1969, R.F. Denno and E.E. Grissell (2♂, UCBME); Utah: 0.5 mi S Springdell (Uinta National Forest), 22.viii.1963, C.W.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB50B860A17983ECCA2E817FA410F17F" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1♂, AMNH); 1 mi N Kitchen Corral Spr 12S (Kane County), 10.ix.2002, L. Topham (1♀, BBSL); 13.2 mi N Blanding (San Juan County), 24.viii.??67, J.C. Hall (1♂, USNM); 16 mi W Tropic (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="480FE96EB61D184F3B78B525D1ED098B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="37.3913">37.3913°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4FB48E45E1E3FD0F66D7934A5AA4D302" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-112.2575">112.2575°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (Garfield County), 28.vii.2008, T.L. Griswold (1♀, BBSL); Beryl (Iron County), 27.ix.1953, M. Cazier (1♀, AMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |