229 lines
20 KiB
XML
229 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b15909-ea61-40d7-ba04-325b8af91669" ID-PMC="PMC5674090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-701-1" ID-PubMed="29118596" ID-ZBK="23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-701-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 701" ModsDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" checkinTime="1506095869158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A. & Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2017" docId="F98FA07FC712BD0E83FAAC141E21D40E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 701: 1-496" docOrigin="ZooKeys 701" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" docTitle="Torrenticola arktonyx Fisher & Dowling, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4EC35C82-DF55-4F95-887C-534A4088A27C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="3D440132FFABFFFC1505FFA0FFDDEA09" masterDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164828938" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>701</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>496</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-701-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839611" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4EC35C82-DF55-4F95-887C-534A4088A27C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F98FA07FC712BD0E83FAAC141E21D40E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4EC35C82-DF55-4F95-887C-534A4088A27C" authority="Fisher & Dowling" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx Fisher & Dowling</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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HOLOTYPE (♀): USA, North Carolina, Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.05083">35°3'3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.52528">83°31'31"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900072
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): Georgia, USA: 1 ♀ from White County, Helen; beside Road to Anna Ruby Falls just north of Unicoi State Park, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.745556">34°44'44"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.728615">83°43'43"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 24 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920051
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Big Creek downstream of the bridge at picnic area, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.7625">35°45'45"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.10166">83°6'6"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 15 September 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090008A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside Mt. Sterling Rd. near bridge 1.7 km n. of road to Campground, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.64389">35°38'38"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.06778">83°4'4"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 6 September 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090099
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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2 ♂ from Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.05083">35°3'3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.52528">83°31'31"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 20 September 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910054
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.05083">35°3'3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.52528">83°31'31"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900072
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Middle Prong of the Little River at Tremont, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.64389">35°38'38"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.694725">83°41'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 16 September 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090009
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type deposition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type deposition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Rusetria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusetria" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rusetria</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“4-Plate”">"4-Plate"</normalizedToken>
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group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. dunni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dunni">T. dunni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. glomerabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glomerabilis">T. glomerabilis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kittatinniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kittatinniana">T. kittatinniana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pollani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pollani">T. pollani</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rufoalba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufoalba">T. rufoalba</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. shubini" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shubini">T. shubini</taxonomicName>
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), Elongata Group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elongata">T. elongata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. gorti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gorti">T. gorti</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. reduncarostra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="reduncarostra">T. reduncarostra</taxonomicName>
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), Neoanomala Group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. interiorensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="interiorensis">T. interiorensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. neoanomala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="neoanomala">T. neoanomala</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. erectirostra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="erectirostra">T. erectirostra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. robisoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="robisoni">T. robisoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. irapalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irapalpa">T. irapalpa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. racupalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="racupalpa">T. racupalpa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. skvarlai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="skvarlai">T. skvarlai</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. bondi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bondi">T. bondi</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from all other
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
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by having distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female (Figure 22) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (645-680 (670) long; 480-520 (510) wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially, also with distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (137.5-145 (137.5) long; 65-70 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (200-207.5 (200) long; 80-90 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 335-375 (375)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.34 (1.31); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.36-1.43 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.07-2.23 (2.12); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.56 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.38-1.48 (1.45).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (345-362.5 (355) long (ventral); 260-270 (265) long (dorsal); 117.5-120 (117.5) tall) with purple coloration. Rostrum (135-135 (135) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (335-350 (350) long) with curved fangs (45-55 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.88-3.09 (3.02); rostrum length/width 2.84-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps with dentate, flanged ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (41.25) long); femur (107.5-111.25 (111.25) long); genu (75-80 (77.5) long); tibia (92.5-95 (95) long; 25-27.5 (25) wide); tarsus (25-25 (25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.44 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.85-0.86 (0.85); tibia length/width 3.36-3.80 (3.80).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (815-840 (815) long; 510-600 (600) wide) with purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (137.5-155 (137.5) long; 82.5-92.5 (92.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (50-60 (50) long). Genital plates (180-187.5 (180) long; 155-162.5 (155) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-310 (300) long (total); 150-165 (165) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-385 (385) wide); anterior venter (230-232.5 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-1.82 (1.49); anterior venter/genital field length 1.24-1.28 (1.28); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.42-1.48 (1.48); anterior venter/medial suture 3.83-4.60 (4.60).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male (Figure 23) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (500-570 (570) long; 400-450 (450) wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially, also with distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (110-125 (125) long; 55-62.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155-180 (180) long; 65-75 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 305-345 (345)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.35 (1.27); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.35 (1.30); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.18 (2.00); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.21-2.69 (2.40); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.41-1.59 (1.44).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-300 (300) long (ventral); 210-235 (235) long (dorsal); 92.5-102.5 (102.5) tall) with purple coloration. Rostrum (110-125 (125) long; 35-40 (40) wide). Chelicerae (270-305 (305) long) with curved fangs (40-45 (40) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.75-3.08 (2.93); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.20 (3.13). Pedipalps with dentate, flanged ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-37.5 (35) long); femur (85-97.5 (97.5) long); genu (60-68.75 (65) long); tibia (75-85 (85) long; 22.5-26.25 (25) wide); tarsus (21.25-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.42-1.50 (1.50); tibia/femur 0.81-0.91 (0.87); tibia length/width 3.10-3.40 (3.40).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (650-725 (725) long; 430-490 (490) wide) with purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (125-135 (135) long; 65-72.5 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-90 (80) long). Genital plates (160-172.5 (172.5) long; 117.5-130 (130) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250-290 (290) long (total); 130-150 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (295-350 (350) wide); anterior venter (220-260 (260) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.85-2.08 (1.86); anterior venter/genital field length 1.38-1.55 (1.51); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.87-2.17 (2.00); anterior venter/medial suture 2.72-3.25 (3.25).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immatures unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Specific epithet (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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) refers to the distinctive longitudinal markings on the anterior dorsal plate, which resemble claw marks from a bear (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="árktos">arktos</normalizedToken>
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, G. bear;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ónyx">onyx</normalizedToken>
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, G. claw).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Southern Appalachians (Figure 21).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 21.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 22.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. female: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 23.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola arktonyx" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arktonyx">Torrenticola arktonyx</taxonomicName>
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and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were able to examine material preserved in GAW for morphology, but due its unique characteristics, we are unable to place this species into either a species complex or identification group. However, based upon coloration, distribution, and gnathosomal shape, we speculate that future analyses will place this species in the Raptor Complex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |