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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fd2433d-a10d-40d5-9a7c-8b5c14bd364e" ID-PMC="PMC8548288" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1063-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" ID-PubMed="34744471" ID-ZooBank="2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1063-49" checkinTime="1634632142747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pivar, Robert J., Sinclair, Bradley J. &amp; Moulton, John K." docDate="2021" docId="F969A23FE28D5676B17F9C9C60CF5032" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1063: 49-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1063" docPubDate="2021-10-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" docTitle="Niphta bispinosa Pivar and Sinclair 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9A9B5605-3AD0-4019-8019-BF8C47828DA5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668150984031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-3274</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johnkmoulton@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1063</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>104</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1063-49</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189468633" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A9B5605-3AD0-4019-8019-BF8C47828DA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F969A23FE28D5676B17F9C9C60CF5032" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9A9B5605-3AD0-4019-8019-BF8C47828DA5" authority="Pivar and Sinclair" authorityName="Pivar and Sinclair" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta bispinosa" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosa" status="sp. nov.">Niphta bispinosa Pivar and Sinclair</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600675" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600677" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) H N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♂), inset with arrow indicating antealar ridge. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600678" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 9F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Adult dorsal habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600679" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 10F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600680" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 11C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600681" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 12C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Known distribution of Chilean Niphta A N. halteralis group B N. nudipennis group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 24B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Examples of thaumaleid habitats in Chile A waterfalls where Niphta downesi sp. nov., N. eurydactyla sp. nov. and N. nudipennis were collected by sweeping adjacent foliage (40 ° 19 ' 58.7 &quot; S 72 ° 16 ' 54.8 &quot; W) B collection site of N. bispinosa sp. nov. (34 ° 59 ' 48.8 &quot; S 70 ° 48 ' 37.0 &quot; W) (after Pivar et al. 2020) C type locality of N. acus sp. nov., specimens were mainly collected from plants on left (37 ° 46 ' 30.8 &quot; S 71 ° 42 ' 03.9 &quot; W) D rock face seep, type locality of N. bispinosa sp. nov. (34 ° 59 ' 46.7 &quot; S 70 ° 49 ' 19.2 &quot; W) E Chiloe, N. nudipennis was collected at a small waterfall next to the larger Cascada Tocoihue, Pivar is shown for scale (42 ° 18 ' 20.3 &quot; S 73 ° 26 ' 08.9 &quot; W); F, Puente El Salto, N. halteralis was collected above the falls, Pivar is shown above the falls for scale (41 ° 31 ' 29.2 &quot; S 72 ° 17 ' 14.6 &quot; W)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600696" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 27B, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
♂, glued to point with abdomen in glycerine microvial pinned beneath, labelled: &quot;Chile: Region VII (Maule)/ Los
<normalizedToken originalValue="Queñes">Quenes</normalizedToken>
, Rte. J-25,/ 6.xii.2016,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="46.7" value="-34.996307">34°59'46.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.2" value="-70.822">70°49'19.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
/ elev. 679 m, cascading creek,/ J.K. Moulton &amp; R.J. Pivar&quot;; &quot;HOLOTYPE/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar and Sinclair" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta bispinosa" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta bispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Pivar &amp; Sinclair [red label]&quot; (CNC).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Allotype</emphasis>
: ♀*, same data as holotype (CNC).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Paratype</emphasis>
: Chile: Region VII (Maule): Los
<normalizedToken originalValue="Queñes">Quenes</normalizedToken>
, Rte. J-25, 6.xii.2016,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.8" value="-34.99689">34°59'48.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.0" value="-70.81028">70°48'37.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 684 m, seep, J.K. Moulton &amp; R.J. Pivar (1♀*).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
This species is recognised by the cheliform gonostylus with non-bifurcate apices and the gonocoxite with two projections, the anterior one long and bifurcate, the posterior one small, tooth-like. It is lighter in colouration than the closely related
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600682" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Female terminalia of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta halteralis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta halteralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
lateral,
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
ventral,
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
lateral,
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. halteralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="halteralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. halteralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
ventral,
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. halteralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="halteralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. halteralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
lateral,
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
ventral,
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm, lateral arm; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite; v scl, ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The descriptions of
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following regards:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male.</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
= 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
1.9-2.4 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) H N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♂), inset with arrow indicating antealar ridge. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600678" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">9F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Adult dorsal habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600679" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">10F</figureCitation>
). Pronotum and postpronotum brown; postpronotal lobe and lateral margins of prescutum pale yellow; remaining scutum shiny, brown, pleura yellow; postscutum with medial brown spot above scutoscutellar suture, encircled by yellowish brown margin; scutellum shiny, yellow; mediotergite shiny, dark brown except anterior margin yellow; katepisternum mainly brown, lighter near anterior spiracle; remaining pteropleuron mainly pale yellow with dispersed brown markings; base of halter yellow, distal half of stalk and knob grey; legs pale yellow, apex of tarsi darker; terminalia light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
. Frons with three strong setae. Flagellomere 1 expanded, 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as next segment, equal in length to 2 and 3 combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
. Wing length: 2.0-2.4 mm. Lightly infuscate throughout; bend in R4+5 gentle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600675" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600677" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">8C</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of epandrium rounded, with narrow medial cleft. Gonocoxites oblong, wider than long; anterior margin rounded, somewhat expanded dorsally behind gonocoxal plate, not closely approximated; with two spine-like projections; anterior projection bifurcate, projected posteriorly, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than posterior projection; posterior projection short, tooth-like; margin around gonostylus setose. Gonostylus cheliform, dorsoventrally flattened, margins concave creating bowl-like appearance; anterior apex with a few indistinct setae, posterior apex with strong setae. Parameres medially fused, attached basally to arms of gonocoxal plate; divided distally into dorsal parameral apodeme and ventral arm; ventral arm projected anteroventrally toward gonocoxal plate, strongly curved anteriorly, blade-like, ventral margin serrate; ventral arm extended posteroventrally presumably to aid in copulation; when retracted, rests ventrally between dorsal arm of gonocoxal plate and inner margin of gonocoxite, apex reaching base of anterior gonocoxal projection. Gonocoxal plate broad, well sclerotised; anterior margin subquadrate, basal margin cleft; pair of dorsal arms connected to parameres; medial aedeagal guide projected ventrally between gonostyli, well sclerotised, comprising two parts: anterior Y-shaped structure and posterior triangular plate. Cercus prominent, ovoid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
= 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Similar to male except as follows:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600680" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600681" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12C</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of hypogynial valve deeply cleft in ventral view, forming two quadrate lobes. Tergite 9 twice as wide as tergite 8. Sternite 9 (genital fork) slender, Y-shaped at both ends; lateral arms forming complex of highly modified structures: medial heavily sclerotised circular opening, dorsal to posterior opening of hypogynial valve, with pair of lateral sclerotised triangular expansions. Spermathecae not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="immature stages">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Immature stages.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Known only from the
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Known only from the type locality in central Chile (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Known distribution of Chilean Niphta A N. halteralis group B N. nudipennis group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">24B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar and Sinclair" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta bispinosa" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta bispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named in reference to the two projections from the gonocoxite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>