plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105CFFA0CA98017F18C9C059.xml

173 lines
22 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="7F5B00152F489B7407D3F5D7A4D5799F" ID-CLB-Dataset="305304" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v32i1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="925597f3-5eac-4883-897d-97960896df04" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118452" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1731461198342" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mulvaney, Lydia R. J." docDate="2021" docId="FC7387C2105CFFA0CA98017F18C9C059" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.32.1-12.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 32 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cerurina marshalli" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="004AFFBA105DFFA2CA1C00171B67C17B" masterDocTitle="Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1732199812557" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
<mods:mods id="61EB09A4969867017F04331C7C19D7E9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E5AB641B901217980A9331FD70BB43D3">
<mods:title id="BBCE091AF048F829EBCB04AC6DFC99EA">Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DAE34FCDCF2B8FAEDCC097FA21DE27B5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="975C75BBA651983A73BA57F4A3D54185">
<mods:roleTerm id="292FF92D1EBD245A73296F3F7A52A57F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8383AC41E96419C50834AED28C83EA78">Mulvaney, Lydia R. J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4F997EF163F431CE6A36770917F796B9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="105FBD92B9A3A12385BA6E2A53F63FD3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F066E89EA60761B65DC66BD306BF4203">
<mods:title id="802B59D2FE2BDAEF968AC3F1F30832E8">Metamorphosis</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B6E2A1D9AA7C4D772CC80734AE593070">
<mods:date id="DC39E92FCA3AF947B57C622423399251">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9DC1A5E34F7B6DBFA1A4FF3DBC395174" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="76F1A75B80FFD4F0EA2C33C4F74DAE0E">2021-01-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BEF8D0577554546F385DCA3EEB0F3A6D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="23CAD6BEC90ECF43175B70AF19CF75A9">32</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="161F080D881E6DD5FB7E2C0AC8978EB4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AE536057807451F1F4A3B583F279BD84">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="DE5A393FFA85C63AB0C5D1A8DAD7DD50" unit="page">
<mods:start id="593A7558226F09A10C630467337E9824">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="74BE53D542B190C6CE9B807AC5B8812F">12</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="6E5407704FD0385556F5D3CC8FB9F0A2">
<mods:url id="E842C2F22A576CB5F3469DDA520750FF">http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="28B02CCD6AFCBCB14C2790259AC1D327">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A02D12A782EFA5E5D6E6142976DF2B93" type="CLB-Dataset">305304</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="81AAC4CE7890AB1083F5358C13E0107A" type="DOI">10.4314/met.v32i1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C211B8E98F0CEDAFF132DA52C66CADDE" type="GBIF-Dataset">925597f3-5eac-4883-897d-97960896df04</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA00F26EB5AE95673F8FE6641CEC29AD" type="ISSN">2307-5031</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="403F36ABB1D649224BFCA2BEDF1C9F88" type="Zenodo-Dep">14118452</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="FC7387C2105CFFA0CA98017F18C9C059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14197991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14197991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC7387C2105CFFA0CA98017F18C9C059" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC7387C2105CFFA0CA98017F18C9C059" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="3CC0655F105CFFA3CA98017F1A66C0FF" box="[132,257,360,389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA98017F1A66C0FF" blockId="1.[132,257,360,389]" box="[132,257,360,389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="2F2D81B8105CFFA3CA98017F1A66C0FF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[132,257,360,389]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B3DA4D57105CFFA3CA98017F1A66C0FF" ID-CoL="T4ZY" authority="(Hampson, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[132,257,360,389]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Cerurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marshalli">
<smallCapsWord id="7283A008105CFFA3CA98017F1A66C0FF" baselines="382,382" box="[132,257,360,389]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="12" normCase="title" normString="Results" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CA98017F1A66C0FF" bold="true" box="[132,257,360,389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">RESULTS</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CC0655F105CFFA3CA9801B31F0BC190" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA9801B31A83C0C7" blockId="1.[132,484,420,444]" box="[132,484,420,444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CA9801B31A83C0C7" bold="true" box="[132,484,420,444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Behaviour of larvae in the wild</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA9801CC1BBCC3D0" blockId="1.[132,747,475,683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The final instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="B3DA4D57105CFFA3CBBF01CC194CC088" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[419,555,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Cerurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marshalli">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CBBF01CC194CC088" box="[419,555,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. marshalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described in this paper were found on privately owned land on a plateau about
<quantity id="B3229B31105CFFA3CAD4020F1A6BC34B" box="[200,268,536,560]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
west of the Luangwa Valley in a relatively unspoiled Miombo woodland and riverine forest (
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CA9102421B86C316" box="[141,225,597,621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">mushitu</emphasis>
) habitat with large granite inselbergs and waterfalls supporting a rich diversity of flora and fauna (
<figureCitation id="ECE12A51105CFFA3CA9002841BACC3D0" box="[140,203,659,683]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[132,200,1206,1227]" captionTargetBox="[136,750,712,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-768@1.[136,750,712,1172]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1 – Habitat at Mutinondo wilderness area in Zambia showing vast Miombo woodland and granite inselberg habitats." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14197989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14197989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<footnote id="17C12ADA105CFFA3C850048A1986C5CA" box="[588,737,1181,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C850048A1986C5CA" blockId="1.[588,737,1181,1201]" box="[588,737,1181,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Violette Dérozier</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="20A5665C105CFFA3CA9804A11980C593" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14197989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14197989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14197989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[132,200,1206,1227]" targetBox="[136,750,712,1172]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA9804A11980C593" blockId="1.[132,746,1206,1256]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CA9804A11BB9C5B0" bold="true" box="[132,222,1206,1227]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1</emphasis>
– Habitat at Mutinondo wilderness area in
<collectingCountry id="0CCD7644105CFFA3C8BD04A1198DC5B7" box="[673,746,1206,1228]" name="Zambia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zambia</collectingCountry>
showing vast Miombo woodland and granite inselberg habitats.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA980510191BC4C3" blockId="1.[132,747,1286,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Larvae were found feeding during the day on a single lowlying tree about
<quantity id="B3229B31105CFFA3CB5505321AE2C446" box="[329,389,1317,1341]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
high on the edge of Miombo woodland. The plant resembled
<taxonomicName id="B3DA4D57105CFFA3C83305531A5FC401" authority="(Burm. f.) Merr." authorityName="Merr." baseAuthorityName="Burm. f." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Flacourtia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3C8330553198DC427" box="[559,746,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Flacourtia indica</emphasis>
(Burm.f.) Merr.
</taxonomicName>
(L. Merrett and S.C. Collins, pers. comm.), but had such high levels of herbivory to the leaves that this identification remains tentative.
</paragraph>
<caption id="20A5665C105CFFA3C95505151F11C448" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118454/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[841,909,1282,1303]" targetBox="[845,1461,859,1214]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C95505151F11C448" blockId="1.[841,1455,1281,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3C955051518F8C46C" bold="true" box="[841,927,1282,1303]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 2</emphasis>
–
<taxonomicName id="B3DA4D57105CFFA3C9A405161F15C46C" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[952,1138,1281,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Cerurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marshalli">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3C9A405161F15C46C" box="[952,1138,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cerurina marshalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ovum: left – dorsal view; right – lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA9805C019EFC6E7" blockId="1.[132,747,1495,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
There were roughly ten larvae on the tree with some individuals dropping to the ground when the tree was approached (behaviour previously observed in
<taxonomicName id="B3DA4D57105CFFA3CA9806231AA9C730" authority="Schultze, 1916" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1916" box="[132,462,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Cerura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CA9806231A6CC730" box="[132,267,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. argentina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="104B4B25105CFFA3CB0306241AA9C730" author="SCHULTZE, A." box="[287,462,1587,1611]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Naturgeschichte" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="70 - 73" part="82 A" refId="ref8738" refString="SCHULTZE, A. 1916. Cerura argentina, nova spec., ein als Raupe gesellig lebender Gabelschwanzspinner des tropischen Westafrika. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 82 A (1): 70 - 73." title="Cerura argentina, nova spec., ein als Raupe gesellig lebender Gabelschwanzspinner des tropischen Westafrika" type="journal article" year="1916">Schultze, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). The remaining larvae continued to eat, but aware of a potential threat, began to exhibit characteristic defensive behaviour. When threatened, the larvae raised their heads and hind quarters into a poised defensive position whilst exserting their yellow whip-like flagellae from their anal claspers, flailing them backwards and forwards over their bodies demonstrating the full extent of their bright aposematic colouration in an effort to deter the perceived predator. (Video footage of this remarkable behaviour was captured and is available via the following link: https://youtube.com/watch?v=4VRGUuVt5PA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3CA9807AC19BBC935" blockId="1.[132,746,1979,2126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">When at rest, the larvae were seen extended out along a branch or in a more compact position, sometimes quite still. When eating, they grasped the host plant with their thoracic legs and were observed moving quite quickly around the host plant in the days leading up to pupation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C955006F1F0BC190" blockId="1.[841,1455,119,235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">By the following day, the larvae had almost eaten every leaf on the tree and were also observed chewing the outer layer of bark from the branches while carefully avoiding the sharp tips of the spines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CC0655F105CFFA0C955011C18C9C059" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C955011C1EF0C058" blockId="1.[841,1431,267,291]" box="[841,1431,267,291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="2F2D81B8105CFFA3C955011C1EF0C058" box="[841,1431,267,291]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="7">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3C955011C1EF0C058" bold="true" box="[841,1431,267,291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Description of the early stages of
<taxonomicName id="B3DA4D57105CFFA3CEDF011C1EF0C058" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1219,1431,267,291]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Cerurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marshalli">
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CEDF011C1EF0C058" bold="true" box="[1219,1431,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cerurina marshalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C955015518FDC334" blockId="1.[841,1455,321,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Four final instar larvae were collected on
<date id="00641014105CFFA3CF0F01561EE7C022" box="[1299,1408,321,345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2019-02-16">16.ii.2019</date>
and pupated within three to five days of collection (
<date id="00641014105CFFA3CF99017718D1C0EC" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2019-02-18" valueMax="2019-02-20" valueMin="2019-02-18">18‒ 20.ii.2019</date>
). The unhatched cocoon was later dissected to observe the pupa in situ but only a desiccated larva was found. On opening the cocoon, it was observed that the larva had continued to eat the outer layer of bark from the twig inside the cocoon providing it with more woody material for cocoon building (see Discussion section below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C95502791881C245" blockId="1.[841,1455,622,831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Ovum (
<figureCitation id="ECE12A51105CFFA3C9B80279188AC3FD" box="[932,1005,622,646]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[841,909,1282,1303]" captionTargetBox="[845,1461,859,1214]" captionTargetId="figure-771@1.[845,1461,859,1245]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2 – Cerurina marshalli ovum: left – dorsal view; right – lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118454/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Approximate height
<quantity id="B3229B31105CFFA3CEE102791E59C3FD" box="[1277,1342,622,646]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="B3229B31105CFFA3C955029A18FAC3DE" box="[841,925,653,677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
. Colour: dark brown in centre with a translucent ring around outer edge. Shape: hemispherical, mostly smooth with a slightly dimpled surface texture. Description based on dry unfertilised eggs laid inside paper envelope, no information currently known about eggs in nature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA3C95505451F31C695" blockId="1.[841,1456,1362,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Larva: final-instar (
<figureCitation id="ECE12A51105CFFA3CE3505451F12C411" box="[1065,1141,1362,1386]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="2.[132,200,747,768]" captionTargetBox="[136,750,117,715]" captionTargetId="figure-442@2.[136,750,117,715]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 3 – Final instar larvae of C. marshalli on host plant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118458/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 3</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="ECE12A51105CFFA3CEBB05451FD3C411" box="[1191,1204,1362,1386]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="2.[132,200,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[136,741,798,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-445@2.[136,741,798,1408]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 4 - Final instar larva of C. marshalli with its flagellae exserted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118466/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">4</figureCitation>
). Length:
<quantity id="B3229B31105CFFA3CF2905451ECBC412" box="[1333,1452,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40‒50 mm</quantity>
. Colour: head black, body red and black banded. Red colouration appearing brighter in lateral and ventral regions, more faded dorsally. Flagellae bright yellow-orange. Mouthparts: previous research on the mouth parts of this species’ larva described stipital lobes present and with an acute tip, often curving dorsally in front of mandibles, mandibular margin smooth (Godfrey
<emphasis id="46AEEAC6105CFFA3CF72063E1ECEC73B" box="[1390,1449,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
, 1989). Thorax: lateral ground colour faded red, three to four globular black markings in upper portion of thorax laterally, more reduced globular markings in lower portion. A ‘bell- curve’ shaped dorsal plate present, directly behind head, shiny-black, smooth. Thoracic legs: shiny black. Abdomen: black parallel sided bands running around the entire circumference of the larva, separated by faded red intersegmental sections. Pro-legs: four pairs of non-sclerotized pro-legs present, black, apically rounded. Spiracles black. Larvae bearing one pair of modified anal claspers, shiny black, curved slightly towards body, bearing numerous short thorn-like spines. Flagellae: one pair of bright yellow-orange extendable flagellae, exuded during defensive display.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105CFFA0C955081A19ADC935" blockId="1.[841,1456,2061,2115]" lastBlockId="2.[132,746,1949,2126]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Pupae and cocoons (
<figureCitation id="ECE12A51105CFFA3CE5D081A1FEDC95E" box="[1089,1162,2061,2085]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="2.[132,200,1897,1918]" captionTargetBox="[136,750,1518,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-448@2.[136,750,1518,1860]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 5 – Cocoon of Cerurina marshalli – lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118470/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Pupation occurs inside hardened cocoons. Information about colour and appearance of pupa not currently known. Cocoon oval; height approximately
<quantity id="B3229B31105FFFA0CB6907AB1AA4C6A8" box="[373,451,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="B3229B31105FFFA0C80507AB1901C6A8" box="[537,614,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, length
<quantity id="B3229B31105FFFA0C8DE07AB1BB5C689" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20‒ 30 mm</quantity>
. Formed on surface of branch using fragments of chewed bark spun into cocoon during construction, resulting in cocoons being robust and camouflaged in appearance, resembling the colour and texture of bark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105FFFA0C955006018A9C1F4" blockId="2.[841,974,119,143]" box="[841,974,119,143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Adult moths</paragraph>
<paragraph id="746536D4105FFFA0C95500B818C9C059" blockId="2.[841,1455,174,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<specimenCount id="62DCFD5D105FFFA0C95500B818D2C1BD" box="[841,949,174,198]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="adult">Two adult</specimenCount>
moths emerged within a day of each other (
<date id="00641014105FFFA0CF9A00B918A7C19E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2019-03-15" valueMax="2019-03-16" valueMin="2019-03-15">15– 16.iii.2019</date>
), both female (Figs 6 &amp; 7). The third adult failed to eclose and the fourth larva escaped before pupation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink