242 lines
24 KiB
XML
242 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="B38AE07A67528554E93825E4B051269A" ID-CLB-Dataset="3398" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5714564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714564" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633636969730" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="FC03440BFFE7FF87EFD94AC1F6D5F631" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Viverridae_0174.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Viverra zibetha Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="003A3C73FFE2FF82EF1B4367FFD3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Viverridae" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1699458846273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="DA4F50B7FAD5622B8F73741CB343B4E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="28DA32DD17AF27402E9516BB9E0C81E3">
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<mods:title id="ADE028757D1BE678406532000CA8955D">Viverridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F0E3D4D3F980BBC32E0FA0A04727B6B5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CC458879D033E0EE87EE6205423138A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="971E9BF001F10F54AC0DA8438D3D6CB4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="361BD02A1281E6947078CC01B46A28A1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AD1618E966BBB379F73550D0A6FBF7D5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B1618877911CC250B58A2F226E8A07BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B8AADE0FA58B4C0AE9678837EB47CDDF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="777D36775D1741F1938EEDDF01839B56">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C6DE85ECA0D4C1C4F6104AEF3D73D943">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="E0FEBEB9906AE91B26763F0883CAE9B4" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="00F5C7C5C5CCE1A08B5132FDAE8C743E">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="0DFA0F28267E39C2A53187BB156BA833">
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<mods:placeTerm id="23BCE1E25B79E42CE7BD18EBE889398B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2E031C9102A06A9A363B5479C635174C">
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<mods:title id="8DBC28C3FB5A88AB09B90D0B5D367646">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="326FA2C5C6245F271A0B06BF7E8BBD27">
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<mods:extent id="316AE4EC57325358A4DFF309ADDCB634" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="0A207EDBEC6AB95DB8B0AD98340AEA29">174</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="757550386F4F9BB13B5C117DF3852F14">232</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="D40997C7ABAF4D3DBE89AB1BC2744533">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0DBAC8FB2C1CF6AD963FE088DABFD316" type="CLB-Dataset">3398</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FAD9634BDD97FAEC1059E76F0492319E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5714564</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3DE55800B3E8E1EC1D9F048E7BE73F93" type="GBIF-Dataset">1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CAC1C4386883743637C81E703624E3E7" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="36A9E6511606D4D3D1A8A1FC18F4FCED" type="Zenodo-Dep">5714564</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC03440BFFE7FF87EFD94AC1F6D5F631" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC03440BFFE7FF87EFD94AC1F6D5F631" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC03440BFFE7FF87EFD94AC1F6D5F631" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFD94AC1FF31F61F" box="[194,226,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFD94AC1FF31F61F" blockId="5.[192,1054,2470,2557]" box="[194,226,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE7FF87EFD94AC1FF31F61F" box="[194,226,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<figureCitation id="EC91E998FFE7FF87EFD94AC1FF31F61F" box="[194,226,2470,2516]" captionStart="Plate 12: Viverridae" captionStartId="2.[142,172,3439,3460]" captionTargetBox="[11,2786,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica), 2. African Civet (Civettictis civetta), 3. Malabar Civet (Viverra civettina), 4. Large-spotted Civet (Viverra megaspila), 5. Malay Civet (Viverra tangalunga), 6. Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375757/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">6.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFE84AC1FDABF61F" box="[243,632,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFE84AC1FDABF61F" blockId="5.[192,1054,2470,2557]" box="[243,632,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE7FF87EFE84AC1FDABF61F" box="[243,632,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE7FF87EFE84AC1FDABF61F" box="[243,632,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Large Indian Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87ED904AC1FC4FF61F" box="[651,924,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87ED904AC1FC4FF61F" blockId="5.[192,1054,2470,2557]" box="[651,924,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE7FF87ED904AC1FC4FF61F" box="[651,924,2470,2516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87ED904AC1FC4FF61F" ID-CoL="5BMZW" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[651,924,2470,2516]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibetha">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87ED904AC1FC4FF61F" box="[651,924,2470,2516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Viverra zibetha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDA4A81FBCFF630" box="[193,1052,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDA4A81FBCFF630" blockId="5.[192,1054,2470,2557]" box="[193,1052,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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||
<heading id="2F5D4271FFE7FF87EFDA4A81FBCFF630" box="[193,1052,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDA4A81FEDDF630" bold="true" box="[193,270,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE7FF87EE034A81FE7FF630" box="[280,428,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Grande Civette</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EEDA4A81FDCFF630" bold="true" box="[449,540,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE7FF87ED3D4A81FD35F630" box="[550,742,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Indische Zibetkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EDE04A81FC85F630" bold="true" box="[763,854,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE7FF87EC444A81FBCFF630" box="[863,1052,2534,2555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Civeta india grande</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87E7044245F5BBFEF0" box="[2079,2664,290,315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87E7044245F5BBFEF0" blockId="5.[2079,2666,290,708]" box="[2079,2664,290,315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87E7044245F769FEF0" bold="true" box="[2079,2234,290,315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87E7D04245F5B7FEF0" ID-CoL="5BMZW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2251,2660,290,315]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibetha">Viverra zibetha Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87E73A4222F7BCFEA9" box="[2081,2159,325,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87E73A4222F7BCFEA9" blockId="5.[2079,2666,290,708]" box="[2081,2159,325,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<materialsCitation id="C4C2FF40FFE7FF87E73A4222F7BCFEA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712312301" box="[2081,2159,325,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E73A4222F7BFFEA9" box="[2081,2156,325,354]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87E704420FF6E1FE34" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87E704420FF6E1FE34" blockId="5.[2079,2666,290,708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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The validity of the Taynguyen Civet (V. tainguensis) is debated and has been considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87E65442DCF616FE13" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2383,2501,443,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibetha">V. zibetha</taxonomicName>
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. Six subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87E73B4161F866FC43" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="distribution">
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<caption id="20D5A595FFE7FF87E73B4161F866FC43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714576/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" targetBox="[1465,2051,290,701]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87E73B4161F663FDEC" blockId="5.[2079,2666,290,708]" box="[2080,2480,518,551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87E73B4161F663FDEC" bold="true" box="[2080,2480,518,551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87E73F4156F63FFDBF" blockId="5.[2079,2666,290,708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87E73F4156F67AFD85" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2084,2473,561,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="zibetha" subSpecies="zibetha">V. z. zibetha Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
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— SW
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E50E4156F5BAFD85" box="[2581,2665,561,590]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87E7364134F742FDBF" box="[2093,2193,595,628]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Xizang</collectingRegion>
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) to
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E7D74134F6CDFDBF" box="[2252,2334,595,628]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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and NE
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E6854134F63BFDBF" box="[2462,2536,595,628]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87E73F411CF7A9FD0F" blockId="5.[2079,2666,290,708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87E73F411CF599FD57" authority="Colbert & Hooijer, 1953" authorityName="Colbert & Hooijer" authorityYear="1953" box="[2084,2634,635,668]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="zibetha" subSpecies="expectata">V. z. expectata Colbert & Hooijer, 1953</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E73A41C0F7A4FD0F" box="[2081,2167,679,708]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA641AEF666FD21" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" box="[1469,2485,713,746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87EAA641AEF862FD21" authority="Robinson & Kloss, 1920" authorityName="Robinson & Kloss" authorityYear="1920" box="[1469,1969,713,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="zibetha" subSpecies="sigillata">V.z. sigillata Robinson & Kloss, 1920</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E8C841AEF781FD21" box="[2003,2130,713,746]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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and Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E62141AEF662FD21" box="[2362,2481,713,746]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA64197F750FCDA" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" box="[1469,2179,752,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87EAA64197F8B1FCDA" authority="Wang & Xu, 1983" authorityName="Wang & Xu" authorityYear="1983" box="[1469,1890,752,785]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="zibetha" subSpecies="hainana">V. z. hainana Wang & Xu, 1983</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E89D4197F80AFCDA" box="[1926,2009,752,785]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87E8EA4197F789FCDA" box="[2033,2138,752,785]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Hainan</collectingRegion>
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I).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA6407BF7CFFCF2" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" box="[1469,2076,796,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87EAA6407BF8A2FCF2" authority="Wroughton, 1915" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1915" box="[1469,1905,796,825]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="zibetha" subSpecies="pruinosus">V. z. pruinosus Wroughton, 1915</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E88F407BF7CBFCF2" box="[1940,2072,796,825]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA6402FF72DFCAA" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" box="[1469,2302,840,865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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||
<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87EAA6402FF8E6FCAA" authority="Thomas, 1927" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1927" box="[1469,1845,840,865]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="zibetha" subSpecies="surdaster">V. z. surdaster Thomas, 1927</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E843402FF839FCAA" box="[1880,2026,840,865]" name="Cambodia" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E8E0402FF7E9FCAA" box="[2043,2106,840,865]" name="Laos" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Laos</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E79B402FF729FCAA" box="[2176,2298,840,865]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA24000F866FC43" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" box="[1465,1973,871,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Introduced to the Andaman Islands.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA340F0F8A4F951" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA340F0F8A4F951" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA340F0F962FC7B" bold="true" box="[1464,1713,919,944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 75-85 cm, tail 38-495 cm, hindfoot 10.9-14.0 cm, ear 4.7-5.
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87E91740D1F981FC1C" box="[1548,1618,950,983]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 8-9 kg. A large civet with conspicuous black and white bands on the throat and sides of the neck. The coatis pale gray or fawn, with indistinct dark spots or a mottling of black or dark brown on the flanks, thighs, and hindlegs; this pattern varies throughout its range. The coat length varies according to the season, at least in northern areas. The face is grayish with white patches on each side of the muzzle. A black crest of erectile hairs runs along the back and ends at the base of the tail; the length of the crest hairs reaches
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87E89647CEF823FB09" box="[1933,2032,1193,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E73847CEF7ABFB09" box="[2083,2168,1193,1218]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87E79747CEF73EFB09" box="[2188,2285,1193,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E63A47CEF6A5FB09" box="[2337,2422,1193,1218]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, north-east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E53A47CEF5BAFB09" box="[2593,2665,1193,1218]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Bengal, butis less than
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87E82747B6F848FB21" box="[1852,1947,1233,1258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
in Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E77347B6F70CFB21" box="[2152,2271,1233,1258]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The tail has five or six complete dark rings, alternating with complete white rings. The forefeet are dark brown, the hindfeet are medium brown, and the claws are retractable. The metacarpal pads are rounded and small; there are no metatarsal pads. There are at least two pairs of teats. The skull is long and low, with moderate crests, a low, flat zygomatic arch, and a marked depression between the nasal bones. The post-orbital processes are small and are located in front of the midpoint of the skull. The sub-orbital foramina are relatively small, with the long axis vertical. The mandibular ramus has a vertical posterior edge. The auditory bullae are small, shorter than the width across the occiptal condyles. In comparison with the Large-spotted Civet, the dentition is more robust, with longer and stronger canines and incisors and a smaller first upper premolar. Dental formula: 13/3,C1/1.P4/4.M 2/2 = 40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA345C3F6E9F8FC" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA345C3F6E9F8FC" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA345C3F9F4F90A" bold="true" box="[1464,1575,1700,1729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary evergreen and deciduous forest, disturbed forest, and within plantations adjacent to forest. Found up to
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87E8E145A0F7B7F923" box="[2042,2148,1735,1768]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E7B845A0F6F7F923" box="[2211,2340,1735,1768]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a radio-collared male moved within an area that comprised 52% dry evergreen forest, 35% mixed deciduous forest, 10% hill evergreen forest, and 3% dry dipterocarp forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA3445AF628F84D" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA3445AF628F84D" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA3445AF96CF895" bold="true" box="[1464,1727,1853,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Omnivorous. Diet said to include small mammals, birds, eggs, lizards, snakes, frogs, insects, crabs, fish, fruit, and roots. Forages on the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAAC44ECF737F81F" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAAC44ECF737F81F" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAAC44ECF94CF867" bold="true" box="[1463,1695,1931,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Primarily nocturnal, with a peak in activity between 19:30 h and 22:30 h. Rests during the day within dense cover on the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA344B8F80CF781" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA344B8F80CF781" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA344B8F7ACF837" bold="true" box="[1464,2175,2015,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Generally solitary. Terrestrial, but apparently can climb trees. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E8724B65F839F7E8" box="[1897,2026,2050,2083]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, an adult male had a home range of
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87E5194B65F585F7E8" box="[2562,2646,2050,2083]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
?, with a mean daily movement of 1-7 km.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA34B32F9CEF72C" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA34B32F9CEF72C" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA34B32F9EDF7B9" bold="true" box="[1464,1598,2133,2162]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Said to breed throughout the year, with two litters per year. Litter size is one to four. Newborns are black, with white markings on the lip, ear, throat and tail, and their eyes are closed. The eyes open at ten days and weaning commences at about one month.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA24B89F7C5F64F" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA24B89F7C5F64F" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA24B89F8C0F6C4" bold="true" box="[1465,1811,2286,2319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Considered common in some parts of its range, but is not well known and more field studies are needed. Habitat loss and degradation could be a threat to this species; it is hunted and snared for food in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E9E74A04F8A1F64F" box="[1788,1906,2403,2436]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87E8A74A04F7C1F64F" box="[1980,2066,2403,2436]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EAA24AF4F6D5F631" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EAA24AF4F6D5F631" blockId="5.[1463,2668,713,2554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EAA24AF4F980F667" bold="true" box="[1465,1619,2451,2476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Agrawal et al. (1992), Austin & Tewes (1999b), Azlan (2003), Corbet & Hill (1992), Duckworth (1997), Lekagul & McNeely (1991), Long & Hoang (2006),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87E7554AD9F778F618" box="[2126,2219,2494,2515]" country="United Kingdom" name="Medway" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Medway</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1969), Nowak (1999), Pocock (1933a), Rabinowitz (1991), Veron (1999), Walston & Veron (2001), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |