334 lines
46 KiB
XML
334 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="503E4D1E5C1C790BF1562B4504ED3036" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0cfdbfdc-9286-4525-a696-b808b98dc9ca" ID-PMC="PMC5027775" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-615-1" ID-PubMed="27667938" ID-ZooBank="3C47DE97A10E4688A92A29F7F6155B72" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-615-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 615" ModsDocTitle="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia" checkinTime="1473279503808" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Capa, Maria, Osborn, Karen J. & Bakken, Torkild" docDate="2016" docId="775D22CD76BC4EE76D30301268757283" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 615: 1-32" docOrigin="ZooKeys 615" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530" docTitle="Sphaerodoridium minutum Webster & Benedict 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFA52D6FFFCDDC61F74C476EFFF5FFD2" masterDocTitle="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1701317310253" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CF220E62CFABD69B5A0FAD3CB61A90CD">Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6B60E04F4E62126BFB882D4C1C3E90C">Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="214784BFDEBC4D04ACF2A60A2AB465A0">Osborn, Karen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C5B08A2536247B46984F03CC6F3CAE4">Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="775D22CD76BC4EE76D30301268757283" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127864322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:775D22CD76BC4EE76D30301268757283" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/775D22CD76BC4EE76D30301268757283" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="52E1D6A7739BC4BBFE89308B180EF7D2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="724FD3390503D9C663F767C683A09836" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taxon classification Animalia Phyllodocida Sphaerodoridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C481019B6E80D83D39D737678DBB147E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="01C028FCC8420EC5A2926C361CB5A5DA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="2675A0199386E63F2024FB23F85EE396" ID-CoL="4YQDM" authority="Webster & Benedict, 1887" authorityName="Webster & Benedict" authorityYear="1887" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum (Webster & Benedict, 1887)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2BBE68EBAEEAAA407EF2021CF80C1A1F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F0A890C3207CB89864A300D0A78FBFA8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4B858BD4BD0C5D8EA61212080B1217C2" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesia minuta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<pageBreakToken id="041C67CA2E94A7CFAB758292E1C75224" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Ephesia</pageBreakToken>
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minuta
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</taxonomicName>
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Webster & Benedict, 1887: 728-729, pl. IV, figs 64-66.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FBF446D40E6F53C8D987A01D13FB2667" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="05001F91D0036DD85377F1D4C7A2EA11" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis minuta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">Sphaerodoropsis minuta</taxonomicName>
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.-
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<bibRefCitation id="3D7BC0EF0BE2EF3DD2E587D6B1DFDE82" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 156" title="Three species of the family Sphaerodoridae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan." volume="12" year="1969">Imajima 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 153-154, fig. 2;
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<bibRefCitation id="D593D7903B02B291204A23D6C81AFDD8" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="39 - 192" title="Deep-sea Benthic polychaetes off Pacific Coast of the northern Honshu, Japan." volume="39" year="2009">Imajima 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 77.-
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<bibRefCitation id="264FD7662F343006542D713A497A6440" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Fischer, Jena" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" title="Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile" year="1996">
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<normalizedToken id="D8EF3906960CE444F54C6279BB75F12F" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 237.-
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<bibRefCitation id="6677CFAAC587AA4C07E6D86C2D68A05C" author="Moreira, J" editor="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="16 - 43" title="Familia Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867." volumeTitle="Fauna Iberica. Vol. 36 AnnelidaPolychaeta III" year="2012">Moreira 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 39-41, fig. 13.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD9FC3CBD8827E74859610A0731F2782" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="50438DC89E4F6F9AAC2DF52FEC628A08" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoum minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoum minutum</taxonomicName>
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.-
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<bibRefCitation id="2850B85C07704CF7CBDB83E25D05CAFF" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Pacific Fauna" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 100" title="Annelida - PolychaetaErrantia." volume="9" year="1948">Berkeley and Berkeley 1948</bibRefCitation>
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: 27-28, fig. 34.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="987F52B47D0A78905D3873B429C0A1D9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="23DB31E4219AD829FDF1183F65769388" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
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.-
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<bibRefCitation id="E53319AE20668AA22769D4C2F475293C" author="Luetzen, J" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="409 - 416" title="Sur une nouvelle espece de Polychete Sphaerodoridiumcommensalis. n. gen., n. spec. (PolychaetaErrantia, famille des Sphaerodoridae), vivant en commensal de Terebellidesstroemi Sars." volume="2" year="1961">
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<normalizedToken id="4271ED04A3B58E34F605AA24A15571F3" originalValue="Lützen">Luetzen</normalizedToken>
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1961
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 415.-
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<bibRefCitation id="C71AC82043997C4486FB15E0A98E2CFB" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="335 - 350" title="Phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida) and its position within Phyllodocida." url="10.1111/cla.12134" volume="32" year="2016">Capa et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 12.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A518AC354987766EE7B4D4FE3F61E405" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="80BF7E7D5C37069909D510B155FA6231" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6007CA302AEA31D513E36E7BFAFA221D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lectotype: USNM 393, Eastport, Maine, United States, North Atlantic Ocean, coll. Webster, H. E. Paralectotypes: USNM 1407984 (11 ind. and 4 slides), Eastport, Maine, United States, North Atlantic Ocean, coll. Webster, H. E. Paratypes: USNM 22873 (29 ind., 3 for SEM) Eastport, Maine, United States, North Atlantic Ocean, coll. Webster, H. E.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77738724028DCE6611359843B3169FDD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="604370081F7CA8C46B1728801360399C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87C289C23595391D29753A1E876CBB2F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Palps and lateral antennae digitiform, median antenna shorter and digitiform. Tentacular cirri digitiform. Eyes not observed. Parapodia with three (or four) parapodial papillae; compound chaetae with blades 4-5 times as long as maximum width on mid-body chaetigers.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44A291106BA9EE3F082EF10B214039A3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3F6D4352473352FDADE59085902123B5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Re-description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B0AB78E457293089179F4159B2BAC46" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Measurements and general morphology. Holotype 1.1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide and with 22 chaetigers. Body ellipsoid, ovoid in cross-section, with slightly flattened ventrum and convex dorsum (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="6FD25217FE79525596A51C1338A2F89E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Anterior end blunt, mid-body broad, slightly narrowing along posterior segments (Fig. 7A). Segmentation inconspicuous, tegument with transverse wrinkles (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="8543F7A6920F192FA61221831C85DEB0" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Preserved specimen lacking pigmentation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="8A5B3CA81ECC24375B04803EBCCAF3C1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<paragraph id="3FE771C7F18A994ACD77DFE2BBF49572" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName id="649D8DFBD0E7E31B85C1235C604A7DD7" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
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, paratypes USNM 22873, SEM. A Whole specimen, side view B Whole specimen, ventro-lateral view C Same, ventral view D Detail of stalked, dorsal macrotubercle E Dorsal macrotubercle and papilla F Anterior end, frontal view, showing head appendages and tubercles of anterior chaetigers G Mid-body parapodium, side view H Mid-body parapodia, anterior view I Posterior end and pygidium, ventral view J Chaetae anterior chaetigers K Chaetae mid-body parapodium L Detail of Mid-body chaeta. Abbreviations: al, acicular lobe; la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; mc, macrotubercle; mi, microtubercle; pa, palp; tc, tentacular cirrus; vc, ventral cirrus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="0F3717AC5E870AF357D34AFC0BB9E0E9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Head. Prostomium with five short appendages, including a pair of digitiform palps in ventral-most position, a pair of digitiform lateral antennae, similar in size and shape as palps, and a digitiform median antenna, shorter than lateral antennae and palps (Fig. 7C, F). A pair of tentacular cirri shorter than lateral antennae and palps, close to lateral antennae (Fig. 7F). A few rounded small papillae scattered around head appendages (Fig. 7F).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56E5569FD8E821B3703A32561FF7DEA3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Tubercles. First chaetiger with eight dorsal macrotubercles; following chaetigers each with one transversal row of dorsal macrotubercles increasing to 10-12 tubercles per segment from chaetiger 5 (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="A9862891B70E16D8F4FB779CD5E12AB4" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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). Macrotubercles spherical to club-shaped
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<pageBreakToken id="9C753F301E30D8BA94A00ED284C1F894" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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a short and smooth stalk (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="6DE08BD4DD617C0C7F17397865642F6E" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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); all macrotubercles similar in shape and size. Additional spherical and sessile papillae in different sizes over dorsum, arranged in 2-3 irregular transversal rows per chaetiger; 20-30 papillae on each mid-body chaetiger (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="49551BDBDDDC626E8BFD9D7A95EDAA72" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Ventral surface with spherical papillae in different sizes, arranged in 2-3 transversal rows in a zig-zag pattern, with about 20 per segment in mid-body; numbers decreasing towards posterior end (Fig. 7A, C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F8B612733DACE18CAF193F6F013420E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Parapodia. Parapodia sub-conical, increasing in size towards chaetiger 3 (Fig. 7C), around 2 times longer than wide (Fig. 7G, H). Acicular lobe anterior to chaetae, digitiform to clavate, longer than parapodial papillae and projecting distally (Fig. 7C, G, H). Ventral cirri digitiform projecting 1/2 to 2/3 as long as acicular lobe on anterior and mid-body segments, almost as long as in posterior segments (Fig. 7C, G, H). Parapodia with three spherical to clavate papillae: one on anterio-dorsal surface, one on anterio-basal position (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="6465D264BAB623DC1C7F4A22D6FB6006" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
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), and one on the posterior surface (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="591CB4A4BBFA6E1F57F61A7636319A16" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5FB0E7347AE8FF0C4D78C817F86F9A5F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Chaetae. All parapodia with 4-7 compound chaetae, arranged in a curved transverse row around acicular lobe (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="DFBACEEB9CCBA115EE88967C3A8034FB" originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
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). Serrated, long blades, 4-5 times longer than maximum width, with a curved tip (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="45537ED0760F0A2E9920C6401BC68055" originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
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), similar throughout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DFB5CC2EF59630DCCAB12517B396FEC2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pygidium. Pygidium terminal, with one mid-ventral digitiform anal cirrus projecting beyond parapodia, and one pair of clavate anal cirri, at base on median cirrus (Fig. 7I).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="45241C87965C751A6FA797CCB517723A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Internal features. Specimens are all opaque after fixation and preservation and internal features not observable.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0CFB8F095408E5E89E5732609AAE06E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Reproductive features. Copulatory organs or eggs not seen in type specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ED6D4F3508883A78CE04ABFB0C6BA06B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="variation">
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<paragraph id="91487E483DB2A7128FC0F29932DF7C6A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0075A8A8FCE95CA78AD7EFA2CD2637B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Most paratypes show small, digitiform anterior appendages but the anterior end is often retracted and these are not easily discernible. This species seems very homogenous regarding the number and arrangement of epithelial tubercles. The exact number of macrotubercles and papillae is, however, difficult to assess in the type material because some of these are detached or because when macrotubercles are inflated and the stalk allows some reorganization, the exact number of tubercles per segment is imprecise. Parapodial papillae in mid-body segments vary between three and four as in some specimens a second papillae can be observed at the base of the posterior parapodial surface (Fig. 7G). Sexual dimorphism not observed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3987C739B81DF4B68A76A4BAF5072A2A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="E2C65A22D612F06D79BA83B8AFC0FF1C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75E9BE7AAB9EC473AE756A707412789D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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The original description is detailed and accurate for most characters, including those more difficult to observe. In most type specimens the dorsal macrotubercles are lost or they fall off when being handled and consequently the total number of tubercles vary from the 10-12 macrotubercles in each transverse row as stated in the original description. Macrotubercles are described as being attached to the body by a "short neck" (
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<bibRefCitation id="A64ECBF3CAD3CF2276FFBF075D16601A" author="Webster, HE" journalOrPublisher="appendix to report of commissioner" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="707 - 758" title="The AnnelidaChaetopoda, from Eastport, Maine. U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. 1885. part 13, II." volume="22" year="1887">Webster and Benedict 1887</bibRefCitation>
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), here interpreted as a short stalk. This feature justifies this species to be considered as a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5BAC700B1DBAE0A3AA384097FE6A0A0" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoridium</taxonomicName>
|
||
and must have been overlooked in later studies dealing with this species, explaining why it was placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF2E4183C09DE7FFA193BE06D73A7465" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a long time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="985EDF116867F8C2D7C2CAE1DF6F4BDB" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Pacific Fauna" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 100" title="Annelida - PolychaetaErrantia." volume="9" year="1948">Berkeley and Berkeley 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D061B434DF2DDFF34267F3DBBCD26996" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 156" title="Three species of the family Sphaerodoridae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan." volume="12" year="1969">Imajima 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="353C008F681444DA46D149DB516A6E1A" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Fischer, Jena" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" title="Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile" year="1996">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A41826BBBB55E9D4E0D64EAA8DBAB1BB" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="029508A8427F7971099B6C69D00E1696" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="39 - 192" title="Deep-sea Benthic polychaetes off Pacific Coast of the northern Honshu, Japan." volume="39" year="2009">Imajima 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA95A349156EFA0EE5BEFAC65B7077CF" author="Moreira, J" editor="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="16 - 43" title="Familia Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867." volumeTitle="Fauna Iberica. Vol. 36 AnnelidaPolychaeta III" year="2012">Moreira 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal cirri were described as present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1DC6BD9C256BB6D1E45E8302E08E2827" author="Webster, HE" journalOrPublisher="appendix to report of commissioner" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="707 - 758" title="The AnnelidaChaetopoda, from Eastport, Maine. U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. 1885. part 13, II." volume="22" year="1887">Webster and Benedict 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), most likely referring to dorsal macrotubercles closest to parapodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="26055A791AC9D78DF61E9EC9B7FE3EA0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="218641E715357F197B1812D96B0B4BC6" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9486750E42239B42D8DDCB3F4BDC36A2" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium guerritai" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="guerritai">Sphaerodoridium guerritai</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moreira & Parapar, 2015, described from the north eastern Atlantic, having as many dorsal macrotubercles, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="100315A554BE2D1A8381DE1ACAF8A5A2" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3DF44C90C0790FE5DA1CAE5A8A7742C6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Sphaerodoridium</pageBreakToken>
|
||
minutum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the characteristic papillae on the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEE8F57A7BAECAF1FA710C2386C53B0C" originalValue="macrotubercle’s">macrotubercle's</normalizedToken>
|
||
stalk that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB2D5606DD28ED850D4DFC38FDBD0DF7" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium guerritai" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="guerritai">Sphaerodoridium guerritai</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses, and the latter species has long stalks compared to the short ones in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="342329FF154B3B469119474B0792CD25" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, there are clear differences between the two species in number and composition of parapodial papillae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7990B837038F31296B4FDED94AE89B97" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A7BD2A2461BA9D95B0B3ACF9BF5B5F2" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium evgenovi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="evgenovi">Sphaerodoridium evgenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagaev, 2015,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C78FFEF0D054FA8756A003810AC63CBA" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium kolchaki" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kolchaki">Sphaerodoridium kolchaki</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagaev, 2015, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B454117044F053FB04E50CE0C948EC8F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium kupetskii" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kupetskii">Sphaerodoridium kupetskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagaev, 2015, all recently described from the Arctic Ocean, as they all share a similar arrangement and number of macrotubercles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F55AA08D22E92F62802E23A26045C3F" author="Gagaev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="244 - 249" title="Three new species of Sphaerodoridium (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from the Arctic Ocean." url="10.1134/S1063074015040082" volume="41" year="2015">Gagaev 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two latter species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9C7BD873543545EF54E0643C2269782" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium kolchaki" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kolchaki">Sphaerodoridium kolchaki</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF7187493A04C16EA12739665ABBE49B" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium kupetskii" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kupetskii">Sphaerodoridium kupetskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have long macrotubercle stalks, hence they are different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF0E67608A6855C88050C56521EC3FD7" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The seemingly short macrotubercle stalks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A78BEB8C0A782AD35E9CD3A64AD606F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium evgenovi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="evgenovi">Sphaerodoridium evgenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rather similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6B53E6C9E64FAD9D2895EAF1091F73A" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BD902871CAA3CADEEBE93E19A461E89" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium evgenovi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="evgenovi">Sphaerodoridium evgenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
has chaetae with somewhat shorter blades, lack parapodial papillae on the posterior surface, and also has parapodia much longer than wide compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AE625C3ED1F929F9610BC58C7C436C3" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E898D56F4B710110D16874B31D3586EA" author="Gagaev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="244 - 249" title="Three new species of Sphaerodoridium (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from the Arctic Ocean." url="10.1134/S1063074015040082" volume="41" year="2015">Gagaev 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The three species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E6C632B5032F27DF893B8E87A48D68DB" author="Gagaev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="244 - 249" title="Three new species of Sphaerodoridium (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from the Arctic Ocean." url="10.1134/S1063074015040082" volume="41" year="2015">Gagaev (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the one described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB6E4A91C3D20FFC8F9506CFD82DFB2C" author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="91 - 105" title="A new species of Sphaerodoridium Luetzen, 1961 from Iceland (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.5" volume="3911" year="2015">Moreira and Parapar (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are all similar to each other and show resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C2F2C5D3DE9D867DFF5D3EAEB8F37E4" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two papers were published the same year and the authors were most likely not aware of each
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A862AA9C99688516F9EECB670FBB3F10" originalValue="other’s">other's</normalizedToken>
|
||
work. These species should be compared in detail in order to assess the species delimitation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41255BEAA440E2896D85151D3FDC819E" author="Gagaev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="244 - 249" title="Three new species of Sphaerodoridium (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from the Arctic Ocean." url="10.1134/S1063074015040082" volume="41" year="2015">Gagaev 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5199F7B6B7B1F1854684F19A46B5135F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09A9FD98EA80FCE12AA7D6159E7120F7" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has similar number of stalked macrotubercles to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCE99169D7367D0F7EBA5FF013E7FDD" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum polypapillata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polypapillata">Clavodorum polypapillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="88F9934F408B1D3D17F0D54C9E6BD9DC" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Rosenfeldt, 1988) described from Antarctica, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0424D32C721DD2ABD74DB80841CC7137" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum andamanense" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="andamanense">Clavodorum andamanense</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bakken, 2002 described from Thailand. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A36AA34BC5D3CC2FAB9FD0F9F3E710C8" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum polypapillata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polypapillata">Clavodorum polypapillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
the original description overlooked stalked macrotubercles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5AEAC1EC440EE0F2271AE67CC26ED82" author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="193 - 204" title="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica) with the description of two new species." url="10.1007/s00300-010-0869-x" volume="34" year="2011">Moreira and Parapar 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and has been re-described to have a larger number of macrotubercles (12-17 per transverse row, compared to 10-12 present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42D9E78A1F6BD1D91013DFFC07D5A494" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a large number of ventral papillae (>40 per segment compared to ca. 20 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D09BD41EDEB437FE40884A45627FA920" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B50E8E446CC2B71BD345F61FBC2C243E" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum polypapillata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polypapillata">Clavodorum polypapillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
further has longer stalks than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23CA5FDDA8517ECA21844D2F33EDA06B" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E402970D08F81207128BDEC1E94762A9" author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="193 - 204" title="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica) with the description of two new species." url="10.1007/s00300-010-0869-x" volume="34" year="2011">Moreira and Parapar 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5319CB457E792FE69256B00E689367CD" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum andamanense" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="andamanense">Clavodorum andamanense</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks papillae on the dorsum, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B3F5AEB000DC799A79880428A1BA5D" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F5C48C6C4A8DFD766030FC0509D7B643" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B1A50E5DBE696F3373906E2E1AA4E5C" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported with a wide geographic distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33A859A96C999BCC5086C4CDB83F5769" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Pacific Fauna" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 100" title="Annelida - PolychaetaErrantia." volume="9" year="1948">Berkeley and Berkeley 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="766686FA9591864BF4B6AB631F9CBB96" author="Luetzen, J" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="409 - 416" title="Sur une nouvelle espece de Polychete Sphaerodoridiumcommensalis. n. gen., n. spec. (PolychaetaErrantia, famille des Sphaerodoridae), vivant en commensal de Terebellidesstroemi Sars." volume="2" year="1961">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="663C2D31A505A1FFD62358BD4CBEA15B" originalValue="Lützen">Luetzen</normalizedToken>
|
||
1961
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12F3650D8FBF5F71452F53088BCBA00C" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 156" title="Three species of the family Sphaerodoridae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan." volume="12" year="1969">Imajima 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6CB8670892F4BDC515C91BD00CC8B0E" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="39 - 192" title="Deep-sea Benthic polychaetes off Pacific Coast of the northern Honshu, Japan." volume="39" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2AF89021483649B93462630EE699276B" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Fischer, Jena" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" title="Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile" year="1996">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C83555A418DD3AED3A4166CF6245C76B" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In order to clarify the geographic distribution of this species careful examination of specimens reported under this name from other geographic areas is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="34D35B282483EBF8DE512124673CD4C8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The validity and clear delimitation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2ADBFA6FA18188F2BFDD7494C4BB25E6" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoridium</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CBC6B11958785A4507E8BA988B3DD0F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Clavodorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 has been regarded as doubtful. Several authors pointed out the insubstantial generic differences between the two genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D42F64C1A8B0ED3E1A02FC0340D28D8F" author="Bakken, T" journalOrPublisher="Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="197 - 204" title="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the BIOSHELF project, Andaman Sea, Thailand." volume="24" year="2002">Bakken 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F0511801F886568E8A08C2757BA24FE" author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="193 - 204" title="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica) with the description of two new species." url="10.1007/s00300-010-0869-x" volume="34" year="2011">Moreira and Parapar 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21BA06D99AFC59C383BBA147A191AA16" author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="91 - 105" title="A new species of Sphaerodoridium Luetzen, 1961 from Iceland (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.5" volume="3911" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and only recently reciprocal monophyly was not assessed in the first phylogenic hypothesis of the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2C76AE02CFD0EEB2C2E705189C2D27A" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="335 - 350" title="Phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida) and its position within Phyllodocida." url="10.1111/cla.12134" volume="32" year="2016">Capa et al. in 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are currently 10 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B4B3B68AE1E166F764A045634EAC73F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoridium</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another 10 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B5B235009881640E5CED963EB4C87E" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Clavodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavodorum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Clavodorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from world-wide areas and from shelf to abyssal depths (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B2828CB7DCF8A523463E43AD5F8CA08" author="Capa, M" editor="Westheide, W" journalOrPublisher="De Gruyter, Oesnabruck" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Annelida: Polychaetes" year="2014">Capa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1049F3A93B8DDF0231CD0759D21FD982" author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="91 - 105" title="A new species of Sphaerodoridium Luetzen, 1961 from Iceland (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.5" volume="3911" year="2015">Moreira and Parapar 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FAAE7F82E32ECE24994E1A8FB35347BE" author="Gagaev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="244 - 249" title="Three new species of Sphaerodoridium (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from the Arctic Ocean." url="10.1134/S1063074015040082" volume="41" year="2015">Gagaev 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As the delimitation of the two genera is not clear, and species representing the two genera are phylogenetically nested in a group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF64AC0691976FD3248118A8599328B0" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="335 - 350" title="Phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida) and its position within Phyllodocida." url="10.1111/cla.12134" volume="32" year="2016">Capa et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it will be necessary to assess all described species in both genera when comparing similarities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0C9F1B8C5A37CFA89844474234480118" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="78DB4D51CCFD83150151D588E2466EFB" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="902215FB27A4CD377D60EBAE13A11A0A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
This species is known from the New England region of the US. It has been reported from the North Atlantic (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC586B41AF4E9518DDE6C015CA54D101" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Fischer, Jena" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" title="Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile" year="1996">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="538DC048117AD6A662448A3469C54514" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), North Pacific (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="85A3B7CFEF7CB365B167872656C2F8F6" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Pacific Fauna" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 100" title="Annelida - PolychaetaErrantia." volume="9" year="1948">Berkeley and Berkeley 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Japan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27E62C5EDB515C9A805352E7AD02B3A0" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 156" title="Three species of the family Sphaerodoridae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan." volume="12" year="1969">Imajima 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A4DC2FC0E30ACA24A86373BF0086190" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="39 - 192" title="Deep-sea Benthic polychaetes off Pacific Coast of the northern Honshu, Japan." volume="39" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The emer
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B5EFE98CA8A798ED924D47DC4F9B655D" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">gence</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of descriptions of new species similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E885087786B4CDEF820B450896234CC9" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium minutum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutum">Sphaerodoridium minutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests a review of the true identity of reported specimens is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |