1141 lines
118 KiB
XML
1141 lines
118 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="25143" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c489096b-11b5-48b9-bd0b-b08af903a201" ID-PMC="PMC6821834" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-134-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" ID-PubMed="31686954" ModsDocID="1314-2003-134-1" checkinTime="1571900138529" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Aguilar, Reinaldo & Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2019" docId="8BF8C77C59735206B8A3A8C72DCE898F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 134: 1-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 134" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" docTitle="Virola allenii D. Santam. & Aguilar 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732937537851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7534FCAA13A5DEDE6E88665DE1A3A12A">
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<mods:title id="32D62DDE3ED9A6C5505F5D4D1A5C849C">A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5D0E1B661C8CB821ED383255FA34511C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C2209C152AF2C4353629E2D7A927ED6">Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="109614FA4BA661521858DEB0178CA4C4">Aguilar, Reinaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B355C00C8E1923A414DA52CAF714DF47" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C532F4F6E5EA9654308CF8DE80BA2374">Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="35D99DFE549FB30D54E5967F3494E013">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AD4E4FDEB9463A7512568D504135A073">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0AAE93A6CA67ED78A6CED8D373B797D3">
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<mods:date id="C3A8121D8177D35C2C5EE92DEC2BB7A5">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CE443F46EA138B426684AE0FFCC9ACDE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0CE76217AD8241F356062ECBFFB57341">134</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E046953187C93CC13EC8D8FC7D2ED87A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="2FEFB11B451AD3F32CC299422F200968">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="A7525BD435129B96371EA0CF16DA4763">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9F8163A6D066101ECA46AB690EBA1217" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AE7AED53D4C2C26026AB73B17EA631AF" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-134-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8BF8C77C59735206B8A3A8C72DCE898F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159834612" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BF8C77C59735206B8A3A8C72DCE898F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BF8C77C59735206B8A3A8C72DCE898F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
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<subSubSection id="55A9D84BA6644E4F7B250C447EEDE7BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B82D0085679D58A7A371BB0D7E0994A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A5CAAB6A146D88F0393397B91B41DD8" ID-CoL="7Z6YJ" LSID="8BF8C77C-5973-5206-B8A3-A8C72DCE898F" authority="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii" status="sp. nov.">Virola allenii D.Santam. & Aguilar</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="637EC63051BD4F6C80A4E5189C7B5B86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation id="38B2D2273D222005E936703A2DA3A794" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Virola allenii A leaves B fruit C partial inflorescences. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on P. H. Allen 6727 (A), R. Aguilar 2224 (B) and R. Aguilar (C) from a photo, physical specimen not seen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349087" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure5">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="35607EE10159AFB30F054ADD6338DE5B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Virola allenii A treetop B branching C lower trunk and buttress D branch with leaves, showing the adaxial surface E leaf blades on abaxial surface F exudate of the trunk G leaf blade surfaces, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) H petiole and leaf base I mature fruit, inset left and arrow showing the galls on leaves and branches, respectively J fruits K fruit close-up. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349088" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6">, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="2A759B21454F82B6B03C175A168043F0" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Comparisons of Virola macrocarpa with similar species in Mesoamerica A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 5763, F; inset fruits, from P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9717, MO; inset fruits, from G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) D V. otobifolia (J. P. Folsom 1440, MO). Image courtesy of Field Museum (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349089" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure7">, 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2161312C232FB3DF119AE4B28557A05" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="BBE686C4979025FD72869717964D6C42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F18199A9ADC2420C99A744B964677A2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Species resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC9567BDDEB71AED1C534F8E57D9440B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7D8516743A607CA4E62FD9FCF7AD01C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its leaf blades that are whitish on the abaxial side and covered with stellate, sessile trichomes with the centre reddish and contrasting with the hyaline branches to reddish-clear in colour and lateral veins that are not densely arranged, as well as large fruits that are covered with ferruginous trichomes. It differs in its narrow leaf blades (3.2-7.3 cm vs. 7-11 cm wide) with acute or obtuse to rounded bases (vs. broadly obtuse), fruits with thick pericarp (3.2-3.8 mm vs. 1.8-3 mm thick) and preference for humid lowland forests at 0-350 (-1350) m elevation (vs. montane forests in Andes of Colombia at around 1100 m elevation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="136C4CF40AD6B0ABAAAE46F6C116C507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5975E35238970960D05BFBBDBB6AB738" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2583475195F8BEF23237985BB56EB579" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Esquinas forest preserve, 0 m, 10 Jan 1951 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="C07DB0F7BEAFA2FCA9360B0DEB1D8698" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H. Allen 5763</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: F-2 sheets* [1394346!, 1679106!]; isotype: USJ [9016]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C108B6439D65E490EFFC40B172B37195" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349087" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED1215DB5CF2B22C7DBFC2487BCD3512" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E015A8E3A908AD49C6ECD8BEFD662D04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="892C601A64CFA1AA1D1B11BB166C4538" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="5985ADF0D069FADAB2179EAE9755BE5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6AED570C628DE12E7FCD8E1A620DD49A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
leaves
|
||
<emphasis id="1C0AEAD62100E5A2A9393E84E05171DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
fruit
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEE191C351E27DDADF40E79EED0E038" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
partial inflorescences. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on
|
||
<emphasis id="675EDA85CE059DB41BDC49C56D8DFEF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H. Allen 6727</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EB78B9184A0623062CDDC3FA521D5EE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB822672AB13C7E20EE390A7BE970C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar 2224</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A06BCDCD6885A5FA8CA12A554BE3C563" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="239B94022741809213DBE77EB8752391" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="21C2BB781542A4A493C13CA8338EAA59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
) from a photo, physical specimen not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CEFFACF0CD07CBF5A1E522CDF19F30E9" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349088" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="88C3EB52F180146B71D61204BE29F3EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D78AA2559E073396F735D4179CA5800F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3061650EC58342605BD6C9FD307CDB4" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="67CA5DE9A3CF4A1181111E13CED55B30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="7B7CFF4692F390AD42AD689F450CCD87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
treetop
|
||
<emphasis id="B774FD4F3F4A34D44D08A99F26F6F58C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
branching
|
||
<emphasis id="63D2DBF45F5915D1560DD7C90B717FB8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lower trunk and buttress
|
||
<emphasis id="D6D5F52079F06A59BE952A82DECF298B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
branch with leaves, showing the adaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis id="DC3B2D47FF4459C313E7C109112BB70A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
leaf blades on abaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis id="99E2C97256694CD0C6244B80955EEE17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
exudate of the trunk
|
||
<emphasis id="19799B7731FF692E13E074806509D502" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
leaf blade surfaces, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below)
|
||
<emphasis id="5C4B059F812FCFC4168D1E95D677FB86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
petiole and leaf base
|
||
<emphasis id="B56B7D421B46661CE6AFD3492E4689A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
mature fruit, inset left and arrow showing the galls on leaves and branches, respectively
|
||
<emphasis id="A5CFE215F5A0EB7D01EB139A5C160C0B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
fruits
|
||
<emphasis id="9D1C362F4C9EDA83787D93FABEBF7A0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
fruit close-up. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D5FCEDF21B04028E09B8CE72E2C21731" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349089" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13D0108A9E0204CEA96D04E21BABD3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD3104CE3D92A61A2510583F53E11E25" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B78B0DF0862E13E6FE6459B488D12BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F5431FFFDEE87B5435B701EFB69AD68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with similar species in Mesoamerica
|
||
<emphasis id="77F389B12EF0F172005726A04767B4F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EB44CC760F3DCA3B3D61A3EA73278F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="31CC0DC5586E90DA940DBD7C5BE423E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="DB56ADFDD6710DABA6D944A0CAB0E6D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H. Allen 5763</emphasis>
|
||
, F; inset fruits, from
|
||
<emphasis id="48B925242F79F1ACA47CA0506E1E7D1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H. Allen 6727</emphasis>
|
||
, GH)
|
||
<emphasis id="CF1992F7F085D3185D1178501AF9A9FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBCE9CE8CDE90ED24149430A3BD58B62" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD0C3ADCED3BE6A1931463EDA1EA4353" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D6A669B069F6A6004382139F076D2789" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 9717</emphasis>
|
||
, MO; inset fruits, from
|
||
<emphasis id="4CCE1B8C5CBF2D5FE96C82B4ED28878F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 9715</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="2A032F97A96D7161A052206DE129A0B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21FADC9E0E7DECEA29BE0144D2B18C26" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="57FD3C40B4E6B1181124ACE56F6AA3C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1A5532987539E4C4B8BA09ABF0BD3AED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. E. Lawrance 675</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="779326C63CDA98093F936D5B27B05CD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DDD85D150AC72233FD7F33F9347022C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6F3BA55DB4BBF701EFF4E44D72C6F3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8A52EB48E70B10917339319A1AF8E38C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. P. Folsom 1440</emphasis>
|
||
, MO). Image courtesy of Field Museum (
|
||
<emphasis id="AC0D103622F610845D6452E5A8F7FFE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77EAA5B24A0BC848D47C1313828B02C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E110EB13AECC7B3A2D040C282FD36F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="403EAD96BBEE43F4D58F6156161D40F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="96629F14A7250A30CA76FEBC94A5A7C5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
|
||
13-30 m
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AF068C3E4360CD82DFA696C428DF2E58" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
10.4-50 cm DBH; bark sometimes described as smooth and reddish or dark brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="E98077EE69ACA7E88860811F5BA45339" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exudate</emphasis>
|
||
sometimes described as abundant and reddish or watery, but without specifying from where or red in the trunk.
|
||
<emphasis id="09DE8BA74A94D3EB9487DE80836F126A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Twigs</emphasis>
|
||
0.16-0.22 cm thick, terete to slightly flattened laterally, puberulent, trichomes stellate to irregularly stellate, ferruginous.
|
||
<emphasis id="A75BE6DCFB8DF0CDFE2CFDCD7D2F7C8F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
: petiole 0.5-1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F64CA9D435F13707D89DCE3564536A56" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13-0.24 cm, slightly canaliculate, tomentose, the trichomes stellate to irregularly stellate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD1DE185C57AD043A221BD33438304" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">leaf blades</emphasis>
|
||
16.2-29.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D519FBA697E93F50C13C623ECED983A0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2-7.3 cm, oblong-elliptic or rarely elliptic; adaxial surface of mature leaves olive or light brown (sometimes shining) when dry, glabrous or with scattered stellate trichomes, the surface smooth; abaxial surface pale brown to whitish when dry, densely but inconspicuously pubescent, trichomes stellate, sessile, the central part of the trichome reddish and contrasting in colour with the hyaline branches to reddish-clear, with 4-10 branches, the branches
|
||
<normalizedToken id="88B4CE902142C12EBC348513840BD0F1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01-0.05 mm long, persistent; lateral veins 15-20 per side, 4-5 veins per 5 cm, 1.2-1.8 cm apart, the same colour as the adaxial surface or slightly transparent, on adaxial side flat to sunken, on abaxial side slightly elevated, arcuate-ascending, slightly anastomosing near the margin and without forming a very marked intramarginal vein; tertiary veins barely visible on both sides; midvein adaxially slightly elevated (sometimes flat, distally), abaxially raised, rounded to somewhat triangular, tomentose to glabrate; base acute or obtuse to rounded, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex acuminate or rarely rounded.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DD5A613F2B08CB338D72A6E55A4C49" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
3.5-5.5 cm long, axillary, axes flattened, tomentose, with trichomes irregularly stellate, ferruginous; peduncle 1.2-1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D180CAE59ADC5F3BB973E73D2EE6B703" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca. 0.1 cm long; bracts not seen; terminal fascicles dense, with 15-40+ flowers.
|
||
<emphasis id="763E5A2DC3F69CDEDC94E7B47A1C170D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
with the pedicel 0.3-1.2 mm long; receptacle 1.2-2 mm wide; perianth 2-2.8 mm long, infundibuliform, yellow when fresh, connate by 1.1-1.7 (-2.3) mm long, external surface pubescent, with brown trichomes, internal surface glabrous or with few trichomes close to the margin of the lobes; lobes 3 (4), 0.8-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4E7CFE7F16F6DB7C2047AD900D3D00AC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6-0.9 (-1.2) mm; stamens 3, the filament column 0.5-0.6 mm long, glabrous, straight, thin, sometimes slightly thickened at the base, not constricted at the apex; anthers 0.6-0.9 mm long; apiculus 0.06-0.1 mm long, acute to apiculate, connate.
|
||
<emphasis id="D1E9F020B18DBDDE108C308AD36A2E39" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="86ABD8351FBD12904010803DF23736FE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
not seen.
|
||
<emphasis id="4C15EFB7154077A1B3915ABFF6E761EA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Infructescence</emphasis>
|
||
2.5-7.5 cm long, with 2-13 fruits, peduncle 2-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB3ABA902F658CB65A651220DA49A60B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca. 0.47 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="9D67229D74A3C96966DBC5A54B5447FE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
2.7-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DAAEC0C7B3972F24A89B21A6E2968365" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-2.5 cm, usually ellipsoid or rarely ovoid, stipitate, densely tomentose, the trichomes dendritic, ferruginous and falling very easily to the touch (as dust), the surface rugose or smooth when dry, the line of dehiscence usually carinate, but not very conspicuous, the base obtuse, the apex acute to obtuse, green or golden and ferruginous by the pubescence when fresh; pericarp 3.2-3.8 mm thick; pedicel 0.4-0.7 cm long; seed ca. 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA5587AC4255E93A1BEFD83D8E2EC6AC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3 cm, the testa when dry whitish-greyish, markedly grooved; aril usually described as red when fresh, pale brown when dry, membranaceous, the texture dry and thin, laciniate in narrow bands distally.
|
||
<emphasis id="EEB49F041E70DA650C097D5583557CCC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Germination</emphasis>
|
||
epigeal, seedling cryptocotylar, the first pair of leaves (sub)opposite (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF351FCD45BD4F88FAF60F97C0EA1E94" author="Ley Lopez, JM" journalOrPublisher="Springer Verlag, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B52" refString="Ley Lopez, JM, Chacon Madrigal, E, 2017. Las Plantulas de Arboles y Palmas de la Peninsula de Osa. San Jose, Costa Rica, 3-183." title="Las Plantulas de Arboles y Palmas de la Peninsula de Osa. San Jose, Costa Rica, 3 - 183." year="2017">
|
||
Ley
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C759B7D299A1DC6DC2B62BBE22C0E320" originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4FBF113B3ECE98BE239E332403BF467B" originalValue="Chacón">Chacon</normalizedToken>
|
||
Madrigal 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDDB5F6634005B3E1215FC88A8EEED6A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2905345F3C79556B602361859CBE2FA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BD18C629E9EE1573CA5B5B7D24AB8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F27293FDC5AA45191B30DD20F25DFF9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F720C5C06DFB1397E97A546BD199A65" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38FFFBB800DE0FA44E6CE3F8B005C47E" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="00754A65E9374197AB5162CB725E92B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognised by its narrow leaf blades with lateral veins that are well separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C5B8C924745C10BC12D53BEF61685FE6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a whitish abaxial surface and covered with stellate, sessile trichomes with the central portion of the trichome reddish and contrasting in colour with the hyaline branches to reddish-clear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2088AF519B03B477EC5CD42F4AAA2E62" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86DCD3B05FDFE229263F19AD54F32AB8" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Virola allenii A treetop B branching C lower trunk and buttress D branch with leaves, showing the adaxial surface E leaf blades on abaxial surface F exudate of the trunk G leaf blade surfaces, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) H petiole and leaf base I mature fruit, inset left and arrow showing the galls on leaves and branches, respectively J fruits K fruit close-up. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349088" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
); the staminate flowers with the lobes of the perianth almost glabrous on the inner surface, the column of filaments straight and not constricted at the apex, anthers that are usually longer (0.6-0.9 mm long) than the column of the filaments (0.5-0.6 mm long) and an apiculus that is 0.06-0.1 mm long. It is also distinctive for its large, usually ellipsoid fruits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A5AA7C0F591CF658403257D8626A866" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="409379F6DFA12CA5191DB6BA74677094" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Virola allenii A treetop B branching C lower trunk and buttress D branch with leaves, showing the adaxial surface E leaf blades on abaxial surface F exudate of the trunk G leaf blade surfaces, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) H petiole and leaf base I mature fruit, inset left and arrow showing the galls on leaves and branches, respectively J fruits K fruit close-up. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349088" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6">
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7FDABECAFBE04FDE8389A951AC625EA0" originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) with thick pericarp that are green when ripe and covered by ferruginous trichomes that fall very easily to the touch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="758269C84AEA2135E6E20EB111A6C880" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Virola allenii A treetop B branching C lower trunk and buttress D branch with leaves, showing the adaxial surface E leaf blades on abaxial surface F exudate of the trunk G leaf blade surfaces, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) H petiole and leaf base I mature fruit, inset left and arrow showing the galls on leaves and branches, respectively J fruits K fruit close-up. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349088" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6">Fig. 6K</figureCitation>
|
||
inset); and seeds with the testa markedly ribbed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="371E7B75F7CE09804748ABEECB1B1CEA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="B4E7C42EA0E4B41035EC8B67192B618E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="42E8134B9838505CA89F156698952BF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BE83F2D8E274D7ED86A89D255CF052E" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D47CD3FAF78B7CDFD29AC63328C4DF64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2A47A4F7E5AD6AE1729D3E69C6EFDFFC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="966BA97C2E04E5A422F3253626A095D9" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DCD002D501D9EB2EDC6C0B8D7890A0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC982E78B47FF9F24E8777587AF8193" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 1284</emphasis>
|
||
, NO)
|
||
<emphasis id="F90A4C36CD49ECF6E5170DB5FD2D1F46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE18DE9FE2938F046196AF3B3338597D" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD4BDA95573D20EE5AAFB32353D1E06A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="05438CD7E5FF1695677F8FAC670B1D3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 8703</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96B1585503415781EDEA7DD48BED4C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE77FD79A8FE42AB8D1E4B0FD80EC8C4" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. chrysocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="chrysocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E501A500619EDA316A3547BFBA78519" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. chrysocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="696BA53B36CDB5D59BE6A1CAA29904CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Hammel et al.16864</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="AF0D1018FA1C41E9E3D04EDD0C08A35C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89EFA318D39F50C05117A6222F9FEEDD" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. elongata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC7994D12EAFA2B57DC6284A0621A863" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DB6FD0814E7FFA136E31DD976BE605" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="9ABCCBEE85C87C055014B7517830C68C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E4FF2F41B8824A200E5CDDBFDAF527" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="145813CCFFFA4385F8D9C221C8C4385F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="9FF0F14B2A225AAECC1D9E39615FF86C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. de Nevers 7226</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="D642A98DA33B53C355618E6D9FBFCBF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCE93FF9AC4B393D4BF3B38B434BF77C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A18529B46946E9AA42F5EAAAE89CA79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8D293B1C82F89672BBDEF45D5D166251" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Ibarra 957</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="8155673887051C7DC69411C031BB3E33" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1005A4A2712C04B0E9D059FF1FABEADD" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB4E5B6E902B6EA7B7682FBF1D73ED8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4611533B7C5DDBFD9A7F3E22F6EB99DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="C692E6B221CC803968A063B0AC3B642E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7110F1337B475C34B7CDA50718F07988" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. laevigata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1C467245EBC73CF614FAD30C86E20AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="26C832F0BC3BB248017ED228F5D0C4F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="7F8E667E1F059C18BFCA87C6156377B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A1C3EFD2710754A7C90E8980FC8F766" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="41DC82F620E89A9A99BE6144F0468656" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="E51BF7A79804B03CF8BA728EB12D5AF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. de Nevers 5184</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="BEFFA9A909E818EA904731B489DDF69F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DFC64914238660696F0DDCBDA8AD1ED" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C583BEC353C374C98E6D1D35CC697489" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="582BA0C7B19EACFD46E644E7E0AA8B62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
E.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29AE8F063D2086DDBEF70C13D2340CA2" originalValue="Lépiz">Lepiz</normalizedToken>
|
||
& J. F. Morales 284
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="07F4C912378EF2E44919D2262FC7F125" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21D77033858307D2B4F53F9387A01E58" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multiflora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="multiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="10B4172D27C745E8F3C3FF6680B30737" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. multiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="55B2F58535F981E51CDAEE78F4EE2C91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Manzanares 3561</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="3922A93E554DE379D0578C535D0A78C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57D1EFDA27E24D50E934093A9861294B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0304CE5FB17E3410A5CF2A46BB97E36D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Barro Colorado (
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD46DCAFC5B3119F2B95FB9285534F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. J. Schmalzel 320</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="73494FA7BA40A05C67B7FF530034928E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31CD01A969B9FE6B957E01A9035D2ADA" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE48069C370B060BD40730411CCAB51B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7E89390D056783C7ADE21A15B6980282" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. de Nevers et al. 7530</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="81A89293DB0A62A1A0760E389ABA4F8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="433A67F837580D80E1DA7E660D2181ED" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. sebifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sebifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADDE03CD32698A1D52DB12E967E8BBAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. sebifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0F98BE3A18CD730566C1FAF8EA6AF302" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. B. Croat 5959</emphasis>
|
||
, MO)
|
||
<emphasis id="8B85DE747EC56902958F11EF5BB2EF03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48FE1BD841AEF8B5B6E38967466E1A16" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85862F0C875CB8722A1AA072F20EA89B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Osa Peninsula (
|
||
<emphasis id="38262F9D80B6EE58656BD716F0081011" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar 11186</emphasis>
|
||
, MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15D00BC0942D684DE3491FE22A052CA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7ECC373FAC17E42BB7313A63F96752D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E6C191E2C29EA6C7269D4993EE1DEBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specific epithet honours the collector of the type specimen, Paul H. Allen (1911-1963), who was probably the first person to collect this species 67 years ago (
|
||
<emphasis id="F18DA183D089CD4EB95606BC47DD1B0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H. Allen 5763</emphasis>
|
||
; 10 Jan 1951). During his five-year residency in Palmar Norte, Puntarenas, Costa Rica (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5EC5C256BAF4D90D97E930B8A9171466" author="Grayum, MH" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 50" refId="B35" refString="Grayum, MH, Hammel, BE, Troyo, S, Zamora, N, 2004. Historia/History. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. I. Introduccion. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 97: 1 - 50" title="Historia / History." volume="97" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. I. Introduccion." year="2004">Grayum et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Allen made important collections and publications in this region (e.g. The Rain Forests of Golfo Dulce,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DADA0DCF21E0D2DD2C1070FF9BBDD239" author="Allen, PH" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127 (1)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Allen, PH, 1956. The Rain Forests of Golfo Dulce. University of Florida Press Gainesville, 1-417." title="The Rain Forests of Golfo Dulce. University of Florida Press Gainesville, 1 - 417." year="1956">Allen 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9BCE805BC5FB1CEF1319505AAD0D1E84" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C05E9AEC3938E18FA355097D5A901FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6525EF6AED18BE2CD712636BB165EB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64DF5320550BC37EF317A56B9E69456E" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2F79E7A2AD33E2643EC8776F32C9F4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from Costa Rica (Puntarenas and San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7913BB979F54B0045EBDFEAA19606433" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D4372D8C9F1DE7939A98444BD329D40" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Geographic distribution of Virola allenii (A), V. amistadensis (B), V. chrysocarpa (C), V. elongata (D), V. fosteri (E) and V. guatemalensis (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349091" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure9">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is found on the Pacific slope, at 0-350 (-1350) m elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="51DC1584B27D12FF5A1045507C33FEDA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349091" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="0F1F5FF0CB8FBCE8AA8A28DA7D360339" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EFB757D1A7FDA5044FDD0E2068D507D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="857B8B10C226E76E8E40C53011EAB0FA" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9CA4D24F97DE74AD41A6BF089A8DCB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7D4748D55784F498D6902B80742628DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D23FBF82953B0AC288103C257ABE5836" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CD6E947286DAE4E22D8BF566368E5C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="258F63A44A9BC85B6CEB94743C3B4C70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBF1BB45D96A60221716D9AC8CC1CECB" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. chrysocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="chrysocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="8F5D84E941EE538FC0A176FE52CA6315" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. chrysocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="FFBB35D1D280BBE55178ABE404A0ED3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C080A3D586299A353FD64BF455BA49FF" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. elongata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="766DF26B3AAF2D0DE85CAA0DACBA81D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8C6CBD6ABAC86F19124387946508426C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8479712E41669956F91A547B4CA622EE" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="5692DC172CBFE9A4E53112F044B82368" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D1E55D3D6C81B94275DB719E3E2C2BCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82FC81E8B62333D29AF8B6C8A8CDFC70" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA3A67ABE574D1B5945DABF4C433F6B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="E38C51333194D0E9DF7DC7D683847766" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B58A2A6CD579BDF38DDA3A6C9078203D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF36FAFADFCFE2A3C05AEFEA1AA7E9FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B72815529F48685BEC10B6D478E5EE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEC0E101486400C1188B4C00BC32F556" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE197761AB3B6D2BCA642254F0D285BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Vulnerable following IUCN critera B1a and B2a. Justifying its status, it is known from seven localities and has an EOO of 3,424 km2 and an AOO of 40 km2. Specimens have been collected regularly since the 1990s during botanical expeditions in the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica, though only 22 specimens have been verified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39D36E64A7B15A47221A3B0FE69109F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph id="880B2029C85EB438F56F6CA4DF8D40AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B700200FB69C453AA74787620518C19B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="087BC9C425DC4E70BD585343CE4F8680" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="227B00C3F9A4702DC8F23CF960AFD1A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E13B012FFF6BCC637C92D253FAC9D19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Flowering of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AC5FAA031C0E40D65C5E57EB50D05C" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EA680158545890323531DEAD9AD2E3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in January, March, April and December. Fruits have been observed in January, August to October. Pistillate flowers were not seen in the studied material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE5AD47D0A0A6EB22D221E2520C1B7F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F993109E04C53D874EC52FB91EB59F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Field characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08DA76DDC074292653BE92FD0B6DD518" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The bark is described as brown and smooth or as peeling in small pieces, sometimes with a strong, spicy scent. Twigs and leaves often have galls (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3890AD5A58B6367E06F783AD8C529359" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Virola allenii A treetop B branching C lower trunk and buttress D branch with leaves, showing the adaxial surface E leaf blades on abaxial surface F exudate of the trunk G leaf blade surfaces, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) H petiole and leaf base I mature fruit, inset left and arrow showing the galls on leaves and branches, respectively J fruits K fruit close-up. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349088" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure6">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leaf blades are adaxially lustrous and abaxially whitish. Staminate flowers are yellow and fragrant. Fruits, which are ca. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="26DFC3CCCAEF06D74360C0E60728EE03" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2 cm when fresh, are green at maturity and covered with brown trichomes that fall very easily when touched and have a pericarp that is ca. 6 mm thick. The aril of mature fruits is red and white in immature fruits. Seeds have a white testa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="696C6D24ED75A9D8AB47FC1BE198B8F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="43BC2D1DEF8547224AB00ADBCAC910CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94F7C7240E2D59E57645C87BF8467F9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EC13844EA78030B829358984E9C3095" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C811A98F1A6F86E0D8C7C010FF40118E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD646B46A812AF4A0BE4793C90E7568" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="73B23E3A37E12F5C22439E8DDB824F93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species from montane forests at 1100 m elevation in the Andes of Colombia (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9D62A67419C92249CC8BB0B3CD1BA065" originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and this name has been previously applied to the species described here (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1551B6107005923FFBE9B6F0122D56A8" author="Jimenez, Q" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="684 - 691" refId="B46" refString="Jimenez, Q, 2007. Myristicaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 684 - 691" title="Myristicaceae." volume="111" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI." year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15F00633150DE454F38C4792C8008BF2" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62D3992E36997E5FA4116F8F49C9E87D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-011-9194-0" author="Cornejo, X" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="76 - 101" refId="B16" refString="Cornejo, X, Mori, SA, Aguilar, R, Stevens, H, Douwes, F, 2012. Phytogeography of the trees of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Brittonia 64 (1): 76 - 101, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-011-9194-0" title="Phytogeography of the trees of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-011-9194-0" volume="64" year="2012">Cornejo et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36600BBB30320FD18E1CCAE6986CBBF2" author="Aguilar, R" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127 (1)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/osa/" refId="B3" refString="Aguilar, R, Cornejo, X, Santamaria-Aguilar, D, Tulig, M, Bainbridge, C, Mori, SA, 2017 onward. Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica., http://sweetgum.nybg.org/osa/" title="Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica." url="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/osa/" year="2017 onward">Aguilar et al. 2017 onward</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15802D7F3BDFA5C9BDD932F7D5BAC59B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A089CB030336E74BA68804F8D860F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the characteristics presented in the diagnosis and in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="76E7F989ABCE3575C23B044C7A35E168" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Virola allenii with the morphologically most similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C">2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E190B8B50184D8680CF5C8FCEF829AB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The comparison presented hereafter for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEE15A94D6AD282A8FF6ECF3F2CDAE23" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="078D8B166EAFA7207F298C916ECE4C39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="38F7E1C54CFC29D60917CF1A41F6D8D2" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Comparisons of Virola macrocarpa with similar species in Mesoamerica A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 5763, F; inset fruits, from P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9717, MO; inset fruits, from G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) D V. otobifolia (J. P. Folsom 1440, MO). Image courtesy of Field Museum (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349089" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure7">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is strictly based on the protologue (except for the pericarp thickness), from which we have been able to study two physical duplicates deposited at MO (
|
||
<emphasis id="8ED5370705F30E1EBC425167E4FE0A0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Lawrance 675</emphasis>
|
||
, MO-2 sheets!, fr [
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD1C2C78B0B6AB334485295E3E62235" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
]) and the images at A! (st), F! (2-sheets, fr), G! (2-sheets, st.), K! (st), S (fr) and US! (2-sheets, fruits likely in the packet, but not seen). We confirmed all measurements from the protologue on
|
||
<emphasis id="2C1856D841EA5764C786C554117F2A78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lawrance 675</emphasis>
|
||
(MO) and found them consistent with the exception of pericarp thickness; while 2-4 mm was stated in the protologue, our measurements ranged from 1.8-3 mm, which we present in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="6D8D4026C7CE405557B9661AC2D50E33" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Virola allenii with the morphologically most similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C">2</tableCitation>
|
||
below. In our estimation, all other observed South American specimens, annotated with this name, represent an amalgamation of different identities (D.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="966B7C556DCAB1910020E09E32E0A33E" originalValue="Santamaría-Aguilar">Santamaria-Aguilar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65A77F99943C7613E5C9A318D7810FF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Based on a number of features listed in the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D082FDF18C733DD84483DA88E261D94" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alleni" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="26670D72512B6A573425CFD21EC1A4AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. alleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including colour of the abaxial leaf blade, sessile trichomes, degree of separation of lateral veins and the length of the anther apiculus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9164C9DD485B0248D8A3A14127E1A095" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C19C2395A39C06C36ED230337E24CD9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C61039CCBACCFC42A87F539323A51850" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="7107965672168A414DD1D9D67AD58645" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6B92A5A147DF40020660538442C85ABC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Virola calophylla A branch with leaves, showing both sides B branch with inflorescences. Virola elongata C leafy branch with inflorescences, inset fruit D inflorescences. Virola guatemalensis E, F leaf blades showing adaxial (E) and abaxial (F) surface. G young twigs and petioles. Photos by Robin Foster (A, B), from https: // plantidtools. fieldmuseum. org / en / nlp; Steven Paton (C, D), Rolando Perez (C inset), from https: // stricollections. org / portal / index. php and Angela Rojas (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349092" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3969A5656D0CACC1DFDE52DE434F1963" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylloidea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="746CEF6B3B67EB7E5BFE4C79F72473BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylloidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South America; the latter was recently included as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48567A615E0C01F78ED051DC317801B2" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="391F5545637EDE9C88F0765EE94D1BEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see notes below). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DDC6BAED8A9B943D61392098691ECFF" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="67DC99B0FC44AEFB9934C55A77C0C4F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shares narrow oblong-elliptic leaf blades (3.2-8 cm broad) and short inflorescences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AD6C1B36033DFB40A000B2714E0807A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylloidea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C3420D355A2D786EE278756014D9FEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylloidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it is distinguished from both species by the filament column that is constricted at or towards the apex (vs. not constricted in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="633D91D08ACBCD54E17CDE18F4F52025" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7591FA112151C89010C6D2E356A6DD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the tendency towards short anthers (0.4-0.7 mm vs. 0.6-0.9 mm long). Additional differences amongst these three species are presented in the Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="DAE9DFE5E78684860078CCD1C8B0F38C" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Virola allenii with the morphologically most similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C">2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CB88C3BFA190E295D9036A80B02593A7" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349092" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="E832C0A0437EA640969EF9458F6A2F03" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DFC261C3A3E10598A38B1BE41BAB248" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F074D3B215CCCB6A45995FF0B9E504F" authorityName="Warb" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Spruce" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0BD2D39D52422006ABA9C67EE554ECA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola calophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EFAC6B114E402E552546A66F16A1AC01" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
branch with leaves, showing both sides
|
||
<emphasis id="D54B65785397C425A12B0EDEA36829AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
branch with inflorescences.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29808CB2B5B64690BD34466B775A14FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola elongata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D540EA2D2870F8C415529366513F101" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9410A8E2D0AB15500A08671240F0288C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
leafy branch with inflorescences, inset fruit
|
||
<emphasis id="68DA89ED86FBD39D1E84FA13FA4155C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescences.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C0D277061B4320369B1B29A2ECBB4E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D026055A8F1131B1C3B815ABBA652AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DB3CD9E79D737FDACFFF002AC2AAF261" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
leaf blades showing adaxial (
|
||
<emphasis id="289320F4504AA131CBD071A7524FACA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and abaxial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B29D4173CC363D8AA6B76FFBAA332B83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
) surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="8CE666FB9871BA5CDB4D3FE6D259EDDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
young twigs and petioles. Photos by Robin Foster (
|
||
<emphasis id="16CA93514C02F0B25C910C8840E2536B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B)</emphasis>
|
||
, from https://plantidtools.fieldmuseum.org/en/nlp; Steven Paton (
|
||
<emphasis id="DE2F960B6DD65A69C99746329711D384" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D)</emphasis>
|
||
, Rolando
|
||
<normalizedToken id="48DE08DC3174234C21D18582EE0DC3EC" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="CB66FC459541A3CD53235FBBF6435999" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
inset), from https://stricollections.org/portal/index.php and Angela Rojas (
|
||
<emphasis id="169F13EC4D4BFDF74E28FC0CFAD65766" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="305CF24B4E756A53738EB4E8847D5D2F" originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="86634C526E57068021546FAE702BD842" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In Mesoamerica,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B12C930B8EA6E986A074D051E735D875" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DE3F42ABB1159491707548E3E5CE58B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94DDE728B2592755E5138AC9A18E7D7C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C377230CEE0840F137B9CD15E736BCE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B419C8A935D3BA968B0466CADD6D4F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB36C2F7159D6731F1719A189936A179" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which are formally described as new below). All these species have lateral veins that are well spaced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B623797EBA4A44860FACB99D3C10893" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Fig. 8A, B, M</figureCitation>
|
||
) and an abaxial leaf surface that is usually whitish with sessile stellate trichomes; for differences between these species see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="A5816E5D0850BE62F76FA74702B53A39" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of Virola allenii with the two other morphologically most similar species in Mesoamerica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F0B1B2423AD169B5D41C14685AACA9A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="F0B1B2423AD169B5D41C14685AACA9A1">3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1AC5AF7CAA5CE8E5D00075F76374079" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Some of the first specimens of this new species were confused with other taxa, though they differ based on their trichomes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A22E454C7ECB7A3BEED0BF68D3D9531" authorityName="H.Karsten" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="A.DC." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Otoba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Otoba" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="11D82673D804AC78A9879C49F4648DAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Otoba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="A26297C78A7329D688BF529653C61362" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. J. Poveda 887</emphasis>
|
||
, CR!) with malpighiaceous trichomes (vs. stellate trichomes),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19C76C664A7F0391121775B8BBD7F9D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola sebifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sebifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBD03CF17F249B67E565C94FEEBF7892" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola sebifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="333D9664F327A32F5267421797E22A31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Zamora et al. 1440</emphasis>
|
||
, CR!) with dendritic to dendritic-stellate and generally pediculate trichomes (vs. stellate and sessile) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1ED5C191D18B194373069018689F6E0B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3A, N</figureCitation>
|
||
); or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23F07A5B79092D319C83F105FD830D5D" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3B6ED211601C44BC42636B25BC90EED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="45610954591DD0C9A03B2AF133D8FA38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3CDFDE3C263A85F728ADC8DBF992C9B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Allen 6727</emphasis>
|
||
, F, GH) with the central part of the trichome colourless (vs. reddish) and with more compressed lateral veins (0.6-1.1 cm vs. 1.2-1.8 cm of separation between veins) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45EACAD8E1F1E95476D8268D93A3B0DD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B35602011F0401118380A2A4B87B26A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">8A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" ID-Table-UUID="1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE0448ABA6D465F8F12DB7EFC6A13AC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="34FD8A3F5EF84336CD0538A3DAB20C0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D0948ECBE11C06263FB722C9447AC3F" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C112B772D9CC3263950F54E84CB3AFF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the morphologically most similar species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C6196C5317C153E3127AD5C21830386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table id="237577B6C37230FEE0141B73F1C80926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr id="533087C2527C8289991E5B386510CEEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th id="83C08AEF27F250DCD5BE16C09665D3C7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="7F353CFD26A3A0811D41B377A9F5112D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AE37157AA0ADCA8DEBE0D082A92130D" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF616E04E8954257D057CF1B924E4158" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="F2820BFEAB2DCA8C695A4BEE96AC1FA0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78AD64013150004E8F280B9E7A005CEB" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="876DBF9EE246BFE21D57CDE001D45080" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9EACF27234B681642CC07E0F3C4B47D5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3838C722E1F38595B6924AE1867FBB07" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylloidea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="721B4D3F2DC0C1D7F336220F97AE3892" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylloidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="52701B85273D74B21E8E9B213DC901DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD50367F9251BA56FB595EDE3325126D" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A04C8DE9738F0F43EC2F39E423CEF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8098A123BC35A1788B87FDA2DA0DE2B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="A105867520D3B638380DD17B8CAE3634" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf blade</td>
|
||
<td id="F4FC6D9940068200CF375495F09F146D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.2-29.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6333CAAE0235690F1C2343739E784B71" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2-7.3 cm; base acute or obtuse to rounded
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5BE230C7258073BB762423F6C048860E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
(15-) 20-60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8C01E641FD9917ADCD079CC2AE117688" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
10-16 cm; base (usually) deeply cordate to truncate (obtuse)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="AD857F90F49AB1C1CB78FE92427F34BE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
16-33
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89093517F90A4C0D3B6ED393A1C8EBE9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.5-8 cm; base cordate to rounded or broadly obtuse
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B9FD33E78D927932A8FED012A0431509" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
20-40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F6746B4775D465C55AE55E81EA35C001" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7-11 cm; base broadly obtuse†
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7E694C0C81820CA51914404500F99C73" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="5F50EB62DBD9790B5367074A479325CC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Length of staminate inflorescences</td>
|
||
<td id="C8B842668983BFD8D79568D86066B1DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.5-5.5 cm</td>
|
||
<td id="CB37445A4F0505BE27AB63578C9F0701" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6-30 cm</td>
|
||
<td id="2C839F54503F3D8D37A5518DFD994E1A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1-4 cm</td>
|
||
<td id="E95A81C2259567126252F8205F8DB036" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="55B9569B5BB1E1FC975B3A3DA85123BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="DFC0C7C1042085218142FB079C278CBD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Length of perianth of staminate flowers</td>
|
||
<td id="F8B8045DAE7E22B0958603BCFFCE9021" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2-2.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="CF1B7F2FBAEFE2245C6720A15C55FD8B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1-2.1 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="53911712781B610EC0DF09238E6C8031" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.7-2 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="7A44E243E7EDDC00E4C311CD18245B23" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C8FEA31F57C4B92DC83B18F3515F51A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="09EE435E31E6AE9A0EF39931206B8083" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Filament column</td>
|
||
<td id="6A1291178F4B65E250AE4F2CD979D9CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.6 mm long; not constricted at apex</td>
|
||
<td id="6190DEFA1A24EFEEAE306A1F40FA280F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2-0.6 mm long; constricted at apex</td>
|
||
<td id="8397179CC2B59322D69BD13C7209FAFF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.7-0.8 mm long; abruptly narrowed at apex</td>
|
||
<td id="BA7A49BEA1557EE844B8A1D59767A388" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8424B1E521B5B7943EC2ACD8FACB7146" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="7A24CBB63CCB1E030EB66427EB67B802" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Anther length</td>
|
||
<td id="CFE203E717EECE7BFC395AB661F4BFD4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.9 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="78B639B2D90F32ACCC96349015BAA6E0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4-0.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="570C5D25E1150AD5F063A62BEB4267DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.6 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="2CB71DC0E6C9626A11D4EC9F42B7ACD5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="041ECB229DDEDCC669D0FAB1B132D1EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="70FA3FD6AEF806C41D3970CC1D5E7FE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fruit</td>
|
||
<td id="56B8EC73C6C46243E718584A0D3F92DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.7-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D6E3D0D5F1B4239A937FA185B6B2C90D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-2.5 cm; base obtuse
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="D9C0DF986B84B0F67F8B84B43006956E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.5-3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3DA4658089C509AE41F4AF6D1461D59B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2-2.5 cm; base usually truncate
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C039F58019A09C0482A96FD1D437F52F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.8-2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0AD334FD7F339C7080D1125C05851195" originalValue="×0.8–">x0.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1 cm; base obtuse
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="CE053042E11E365C15BD5FB407993933" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.7-3.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C6E9A06BC7275B82C194FB73E65D303A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-2.3 cm; base obtuse†
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="970A97DD5F16FFB72C8AA82293A5F008" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="DA09E7BC777AFEB11B81E2ECE670BE6E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness</td>
|
||
<td id="B59BBD4DA4D6407A170B0D323D51F498" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-3.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="F009F1CA0CD58D015B5D919F13B253DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-5 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="1A1D4767C9B16697FB746A05EDCF3B12" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="8C2E986801DB7C70C12EAD02145543E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.8-3 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D85696F8E237F384B993C9BF51C87D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tableNote id="EE23C0F3849DAB7021C8849E0B78C774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">*From Smith 1938.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F0B1B2423AD169B5D41C14685AACA9A1" ID-Table-UUID="F0B1B2423AD169B5D41C14685AACA9A1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F0B1B2423AD169B5D41C14685AACA9A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph id="1BE944E578838F851BA00E88BB267826" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B974D8CEEECEF2B258B0251B88A2402" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52D5F5C22CE4EB6A5DE0A5429C2ABBCC" authorityName="D. Santam. & Aguilar" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF2EA85713248265DD08CACF398CE407" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the two other morphologically most similar species in Mesoamerica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="49F37487E0B7ACB0C2ABD225A29F12D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table id="30E98875EE4CB02AB57D3EAA171BA765" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr id="96A579F6A91059D2536D2A943F040337" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th id="5FDB5AF9BD76A8F260020BB48906CEDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
|
||
<th id="7F4B35AD26FB615232CB830B787DC7A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62BBA619C03230B6D8BB9727D666D761" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A5F25DF3E101A6F74BE59B9574F6AAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="296A5545EF166DE4E2D7A0C3F1154008" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F155346FA1FCDCB3B0802E818B1E06B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3CE089574153091B30F239F1A94D91D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2576D0DAF7B94ED776B6F909D93FB1F1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32BC16171F121243FC65839C8DD693DC" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC47D509AEB89149BA995A37FD90EFE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10704562D010CEAC66F84FDA1A72F0CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="D6F411B202D3AB4FD0F9FC4F890A27C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf blades</td>
|
||
<td id="19D4E93B4DD0A3CE5F77E85AF36D7593" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.2-29.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EBA776E00D07C79218D2ED7C757D56C4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2-7.3 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="8687EA89CB872BC9055956AA3E595C94" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.3-22.8 (-27)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87860A854931C991A2D930FB078742DF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.4-9.5 (-12.5) cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="084E93C47C8FC9A86816DF173BD56FB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
(14-) 18.2-42.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4368ACBAC02770747570E06AD1C62B61" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4.1-) 7.3-14.2 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4B36AE2948E57D82F4E955FD4562E7AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0AF68F72AD2EB877FDF1AFDE4BF87D65" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lateral veins</td>
|
||
<td id="2A976A69410674A162DFACAC029DC85F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">15-20 per side</td>
|
||
<td id="694E8E300CBB2DDA5432605DE58554D9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">9-15 per side</td>
|
||
<td id="07F72200560473F0F30E00B464F9E131" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10-16 per side</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DA0D215D24938F21EB30BA51687FB695" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0C211AFF40A437E5A7A0B178B3FDDD20" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Length of staminate inflorescence</td>
|
||
<td id="611B7AFBD6CEB35D6E02BD2875CEFFDF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.5-5.5 cm</td>
|
||
<td id="C6D4F6E53DCDBDFA7FC6DD6A6A033171" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3-7.5 cm</td>
|
||
<td id="E9C508F494008E2F5B86E7F88C586629" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.5-9.5 cm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DEEF45600BD4E13A5C56689A477B64F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="1223BB8EC754745F3FDC3CE36DBB247D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Length of perianth of staminate flowers</td>
|
||
<td id="665682B1149D851E8F6305280C4B05F2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2-2.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="DCB20800B5F1F33B83561EDA579123F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.5-2.2 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="267FB2ADA19367AABBC47E9D8445F750" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.5-2.8 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3D22F8274EC173AF13DD6AC85E4EE831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="7AC2096B366BF3C9E993C925D3A6FE97" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Filament column</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BD864A77A222E6DC56D1E76AEC8CE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.6 mm; not constricted at apex</td>
|
||
<td id="8D4F52946FC6ACF8F49F95AE30B7BB3E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2-0.4 mm; constricted at the apex</td>
|
||
<td id="77B0549B240ED451C91B94C4FABBC0EF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.9-1 mm; constricted at the apex</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0BE1084D029E0D29B9CD6BEC7774708D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="C348155A8560E54B7061046EB7615DB9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Anther length</td>
|
||
<td id="A9234AD7B98FEDF2A8778B3D44534B03" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.9 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="6FC42E1C5C54421085C76357CF9F94DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="FFC829C18CECD5FD9CB6137B83160A41" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-1 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DD07EDB99E331E49BBCB8E5A02438C1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="AC54EFCB32ACC3C027A336A19EB73877" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fruit</td>
|
||
<td id="BC45E1F457610B0DC65B0A781F3F9AF1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.7-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4A80DF93DFF2DAE61888734CF6DAA5B7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-2.5 cm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DD2F2BFF43D7CFA749A567DFC3D3906E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="67381F32B968685B896059B8B9920EFD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.1-3.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1AAE556C471685B0584CCC6FD6882E44" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7-2 cm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E23E2E4A2B24025217A52C966EA7415" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BA911D4F01566A5749C3937662BF7CBF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
(2.7-) 3.5-4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="57926315BF0ACD5D368A4B0BE003926C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.9-) 2.3-2.9 cm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33C638E2C591C821E69DAEB89DD4DA68" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A897BA98F3732B4C65E5E108FCE4A51E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="E3C4AC07CBF15F36C5A6B4851BC9CB72" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness</td>
|
||
<td id="F90435F4E94283775A89BFD9F05A3911" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-3.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="DE1C2BD343E2C99B3B930F6FFCCDDFB1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1-2 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="EB07311DAEE29F8B193229D651EB0440" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">(2.7-) 3-4.7 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BD28CF6BE2BC1EDE604068DF3B1AE0A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="AE880C10ACB78F06F4FA054846A147A9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Seed</td>
|
||
<td id="29A25BF26773EBFF8D009DD83E5283B1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
ca. 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7ADE2118F52F5FEEB9C97F4042B3D3B5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E9992A961A74433EAAD77D1832244D4F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.6-2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="191AE8287566CE00241F6382A90D5C79" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4-1.6 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A5CA07BCBFD660FF60876307AB6CA2C2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.5-2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="500868F813F64F7C0F45010F9FD18561" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-1.7 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BF1BF4F3386AB83D4A5622667CB07DEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="44843AF267F1A7F0A5B4F37F6755E260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B9AA4BDCC38405603CBF896FD9A8197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The holotype, deposited at Field Museum (F), represents two sheets with hand written annotation ("Sheet 1 of 2," "Sheet 2 of 2"), which suggests that they represent a multi-sheet specimen of the same plant (ICN Art. 8.3) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A932FCD0A342735CDA63124CBC9F3F48" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B105" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF, 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD592ED15DC82B8720F5CCB5576E3492" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="E5377E97ACBF1CDB3B29DFEB91456C81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Hammel et al. 24041</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!; fr) from 1370 m elevation in the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB063BC7077BB9EEAE02501C5F57022A" originalValue="Tarrazú">Tarrazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
region of San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="592C728D8BC1FA06E25A395C638C29D9" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
province (Costa Rica) differs from other members of this new species by its more rounded and pubescent fruits and its occurrence at a higher elevation than other specimens. It is included here with some reservation. This specimen is most similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="EC99DB73F1A2439CAD157948D29B78F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Alfaro 492</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, LSU!, MO!; ♂ fl), which was also collected in montane forests on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca (1240 m elevation).
|
||
<emphasis id="083975183AB8ECFF790044B0D98C2AFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Alfaro 492</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the rest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="780931E5F382657C7DF3F102B4E703B3" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alleni" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9095D893D93D6149176F77C83BE2E63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. alleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its larger staminate perianth (ca. 3.8-4 mm vs. 2-2.8 mm long) that is fleshy with dense pubescence on the entire adaxial surface (vs. glabrous or with sparse trichomes close to the margin of the lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1E3F121A8FA48B60F252D3076D2A668" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAA39060077B566AA0E433A575C3BFDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the column of the filaments (ca. 0.5-0.7 mm vs. 0.5-0.6 mm long) that is shorter than the anthers (ca. 1.2 mm vs. 0.6-0.9 mm long). This specimen was also discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4BDC50CB8EB89DFA37E2A89E6D13B7F1" author="Jimenez, Q" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="684 - 691" refId="B46" refString="Jimenez, Q, 2007. Myristicaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 684 - 691" title="Myristicaceae." volume="111" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI." year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="55B313598F80090EC6898CCC5D8B177E" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1FDEF6DFB7EDDD61604E6399E2B4073" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0144ED6B6E0BB5EF2BF8688B8E8FCD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51EE1D546BDB311FF1286E670D346CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specimens [
|
||
<emphasis id="3945033AB5A81269454D90AD3C2756A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H</emphasis>
|
||
.]
|
||
<emphasis id="0F66C77E22DEDBFE9F6D6F54068DEC1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Allen 5763</emphasis>
|
||
(type; F, USJ) and [
|
||
<emphasis id="98729A8DA25487756713CFB07F9536D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H</emphasis>
|
||
.]
|
||
<emphasis id="92807C36F9C4CA054932B50F437B2AEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Allen 6727</emphasis>
|
||
(F, GH), cited as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="433185E3F0C3D6F1273C6805038D92A7" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="30B55A49F757A577D22B2676BDA2E874" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in The Rain Forests of Golfo Dulce (Allen, 1956), correspond with this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E46AACF048CB16C01F2B1BD80C63F28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CB679A152A522D3BF49033758C0BC51" authorityName="Markgraf" authorityYear="1923" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calophylloidea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="354ECBB12699BE46705D8DE3D0A8A480" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola calophylloidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has recently been considered synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44C536B5C08815B416FCD3F8534030AF" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BD3BFF19BE80AF9E25F3B8284EB81C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7075E058D4BD1DDD5F60D33BAE30C954" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100001" author="Rodrigues, WA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 127" refId="B75" refString="Rodrigues, WA, 1980. Revisao taxonomica das especies de Virola Aublet (Myristicaceae) do Brasil. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): 1 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100001" title="Revisao taxonomica das especies de Virola Aublet (Myristicaceae) do Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100001" volume="10" year="1980">Rodrigues 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74E56817A0EABB6AECC3E29BA3E3D507" author="Jaramillo, TS" editor="Harling, GW" journalOrPublisher="University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 101" refId="B45" refString="Jaramillo, TS, Muriel, P, Balslev, H, 2004. Myristicaceae. In: Harling, GW, Andersson, L, Eds., Flora of Ecuador. University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg 72: 1 - 101" title="Myristicaceae." volume="72" volumeTitle="Flora of Ecuador." year="2004">Jaramillo et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CDC830E1B5845573D04A26A31814E501" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40101-y" author="ter Steege, H" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination=": 3501" refId="B103" refString="ter Steege, H, Mota de Oliveira, S, Pitman, NCA, Sabatier, D, Antonelli, A, Guevara Andino, JE, Aymard, GA, Salomao, RP, 2019. Towards a dynamic list of Amazonian tree species. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 3501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40101-y" title="Towards a dynamic list of Amazonian tree species." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40101-y" volume="9" year="2019">ter Steege et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, here, it is treated as a morphologically distinct species. This is due to its smaller leaves, more compact staminate and pistillate inflorescences and infructescences, staminate flowers with the filament column longer than the anthers and smaller fruits (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="64DAA915CCA82382C594DB82BA76E50B" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Virola allenii with the morphologically most similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="1A2AE0917E035E6F6ACDB17A2E796F2C">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Some representative collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="528F7FA7649209B9EF02E0F3B4CC98B8" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylloidea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="calophylloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4D0A0CEB804BFEF92FE94C8D3134C70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. calophylloidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="83B3F3EF7AE433A9FE38EBEA79F2A300" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CC9237EB8A139DA7D06626811654F1A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil. Acre</emphasis>
|
||
: Rio Jurua & Rio Moa, Serra da Moa, 30 Apr 1971 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="6DF4FCAC581C13EBE3BCEDFD4B52E00D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. J. M. Maas et al. P12659</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis id="732AC3E751315FA8559040993E88C687" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amazonas</emphasis>
|
||
: Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="053DDDF0D179ACB617613EBC5A87D096" originalValue="Urubú">Urubu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 04 Aug 1979 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="2F6A3C89411557514061B80734E1E11B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. E. Calderon et al. 2922</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Km 500 on
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E6F05EF5794F64DFC55206B900A6ECC" originalValue="Manaus-Humaitá">Manaus-Humaita</normalizedToken>
|
||
road, 17 Sep 1980 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="19AE0DB5182B23156330B5DC3795E137" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. R. Lowrie et al. 54</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Km. 133, Manaus-Itacoatiara Road, 11 Sep 1974 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="17A356E3DDAE760747E6EB41739DB0E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. D. Pennington & O. P. Monteiro P22638</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Rio Cuieras, 12 Sep 1973 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEE671CCD15363F88BD79D1DDB48421" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. T. Prance et al. 17790</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Reserva Experimental Station of INPA, 30 Aug 1974 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="2D062826F240584F1D030CD232A9ED73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. T. Prance et al. 21689</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Rio Javari, Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="617F7F537FA5FAC58258078D65455CFB" originalValue="Curaçá">Curaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8 miles above mouth, 26 Oct 1976 (♀ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="90FCF52332CE464AF41B588A8DFF4079" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. T. Prance et al. 24133</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis id="D9A142636431230858EBBF705613CACD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59973E9C9DAC41E8FC70C823006B52F3" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Km 133, Madeira-Mamore Railway, 15 Sep 1963 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="53EEB26EA765FA61F31A377F2A40EED7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Maguire et al. 56666</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Itaituba, Km 60 da estrada Itaituba, 16 Nov 1978 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="ACABF286C454777CBECCEBE9D4BEF8CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
M. G. da Silva & C. S.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2CCF834239E6616287971954CD460CA9" originalValue="Rosário">Rosario</normalizedToken>
|
||
3775
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis id="539BFF22A84E0A8AFEC981E9FF389A5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00C25F05EE7A708F40056F307C085653" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Basin of Rio Madeira, 23 Nov 1968 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="C5C33F2C7C287F700034598A8E4F55BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. T. Prance et al. 8775</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E8D3AF3FFE0E73B823D9D7D1581C4E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BED59226FAE05E76B7797775CA3C9663" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F0283A519930AAA821CC488FBA024D21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="29C0FD987F46E18CFD0B57CCCCEB4CA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica. Puntarenas</emphasis>
|
||
: Golfito, alrededores de la
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E47B2B85B62307FD1288C377EA23038" originalValue="estación">estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Agujas, 300 m elev., 22 May 2000 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="0405A7C137374CE687BF02964AF67FF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Acosta et al. 1389</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); Golfito, Piro, 100 m elev., 14 Oct 1991 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A64DC05B7185F13CBE1DD12FE0F56F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar 511</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); Golfito,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86196FA72068E41C44A447C6D80EB10F" originalValue="estación">estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Los Patos, 200 m elev., 02 Sep 1993 (imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="B480A2518C5453C6FB71E01396881D81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar 2224</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, LSU!, MO!); Osa,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="57770ACD2E50BC7E5803C8D046497A32" originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
|
||
Chal, La Parcela, 150 m elev., 12 Dic 1996 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="57F75860CF48304A30075FD7EA05F789" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar 4735</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="610BB55409846DB22C103E836D01050C" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Rancho Quemado, sendero a Cerro Brujo, 343 m elev., 30 Jul 2013 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="19772A386F1F777647EA6AE258025B79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar 14519</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); area between Rio Esquinas & Palmar, 60 m elev., 18 Feb 1963 (fr, dupl. in GH),
|
||
<emphasis id="F92D3ACCD6E82D07222F3E2A3502BB87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. H. Allen 6727</emphasis>
|
||
(F!*, GH!*); Osa, Sierpe, 1 km antes de la Villa de Banegas, 55 m elev., 14 Oct 2007 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="1C462C90298DF4ECB6E86FEBA0942D5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
E.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33951C32C9EBF89BD3F2F2B3AC26CD75" originalValue="Chacón">Chacon</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 885
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USJ!); Osa, fila Casa Loma, Aguabuena Sur, 07 Oct 1992 (fr), 50-150 m elev.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9D3B779E89CC5308E3772FCCBCAD4679" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="835E6B3C8E3BBC982F6B39CFF468A718" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
410
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!); Osa, Playa Campanario o San Josecito, 1-10 m elev., 29 Dec 1991 (fl bud),
|
||
<emphasis id="35EE3F401F6F870C2560DB3138A75BB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. Harmon 291</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!); Golfito, bosque de los Austriacos, La Gamba, 300 m elev., 09 Jan 1994 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="79B22507E7D7618E1030C61FC58D0018" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Huber & A. Weissenhofer 136</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, LI*); Golfito, near the Tropenstation La Gamba on the fila, 200 m elev., 27 Jan 2002 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="4C745E02493C3F9A7670035346CC336E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Huber 3012</emphasis>
|
||
(LI-2 sheets!*); Golfito,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AB141A55AA80EADE46093BE34D70CD6" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Piro, no elev., 20 Jan 2012 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="E39C9CCF312CF26790CAE87037698D65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D9CCD4147FEC225B00E952DE2A9DE4F" originalValue="Ley-López">Ley-Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
69
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USJ!); Golfito,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="54DCA2E9DC690ABC66FB9DF2AB3A28FA" originalValue="montaña">montana</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6719625C87E1B364BE5FDD3D42A63E4D" originalValue="aledaña">aledana</normalizedToken>
|
||
al campo de aterrizaje, 07 Jun 1994 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="E471398D4038B8E9E9C70565C93DD608" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. J. Poveda 887</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); Osa, 3 km
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3499544891C73FCD0358A9C9C1DAFCD0" originalValue="después">despues</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la quebrada Banegas, camino a Rancho Quemado, 200 m elev., 10 Jan 2018 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="23015EEE25D8996777D54866B8FCE8DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
D.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="499EBFF8DF3302B7FDBD5E811BB6F278" originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
& R. Aguilar 9865
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84C6296A5F2D9CC4D32D33846F0ED29F" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6094464BD61CAB1774240833EA96EA1C" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 350 m elev., 14 Jun 1993 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="1BDDE9E8D8E959561A80122FAEEE73FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 746</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FECC06AAD3174569B065451FDCE8581B" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Aguabuena, 3 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B55244E92E58B47CB003701D82436B5" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 130 m elev., 15 Apr 1993 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="823117D2CA590A1DA2F9105249A92120" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 857</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!, NY!*);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3BB94A0675C9E8A849B6861785E68A6C" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Aguabuena, 3 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C7850A63767DEA19C69BB797E582C40F" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 130 m elev., 05 May 1993 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="230614DE88E2A17FAB71CDD79D33FA0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 915</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35158BAFC1E3711ABE21F90533C9DCA6" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5D9B0515285AD97DAEF9CF9CA8D19766" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 150 m elev., 06 Oct 1994 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="EDB1FB448DEA5CD2C3D70C6C0653673D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 1049</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA61E741A2C528D4646FA82B8D7141D5" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Aguabuena, 2.5 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="449ED1018EA2B14BEF2FAE04E7795E94" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 150 m elev., 10 Mar 1995 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="28BFD99314E1BE43E5F122E7AF03FA95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 1283</emphasis>
|
||
(NY!*);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="50553E9A95C9A973A39DC1DD20D20385" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Osa, Aguabuena, 2.5 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="221B38E36FB01AD97027E3D09B0C5836" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 150 m elev., 10 Mar 1995 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E5E4F0EFB5CBC8B5F2CFE706425554" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Thomsen 1284</emphasis>
|
||
(NO!, NY!*).
|
||
<emphasis id="EEC112434443D784D00929BBBAC0DBE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AEC6275BCB4D3177013DE5CE16048DCD" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B474EC4B9EA665173DDC6302DB7DDDF" originalValue="Tarrazú">Tarrazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, del puente de San Marcos 18 km camino hacia Quepos, 1370 m elev., 13 Jan 2006 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="636FEF95FFC981BE467696F77D1996DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Hammel et al. 24041</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); Esquipulas, base del Cerro San Isidro, alrededores del
|
||
<normalizedToken id="524C7407E49537D4CACEA447F85A99E6" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naranjo, 400 m elev., 28 Aug 1987 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="7B45BD2096CAD4AE7F280551EBA094AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Zamora et al. 1440</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |