treatments-xml/data/5F/67/C0/5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24.xml

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<mods:title id="4A4E4FDF74F535EE6760FDADCA7895A9">On the taxonomy of Heterarthrus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with a review of the West Palaearctic species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="906953C86F8EF314F5D7A0FAE4FD6D35">Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67217051CB8ECC1A17848ECB09D50D77">Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F410EF90484F3937799B72A98D75F85" type="email">andrew.liston@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3197B604B1F2032AB6527C80AB5DE325">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CD525C57A892C4BB4CA3267A69FF18CA">Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD9273AD831CBD3BD48FC5C2EDB1F2AB">Viitasaari, Matti</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="20B8DE9A276A711797B970313521D0D3">Alkutie 41 E, 00660 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160104966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" scope_family="Tenthredinidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="B81AA7CBA626BEBE5A5A30CA7CBE83B9" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="83A259F09DE37354D09451D1A9C429DC" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="6AD72345F115E45563AA6F80BE83226F" LSID="5F67C08E-AD61-5743-A719-1EA266EBEB24" authority="(Klug, 1818)" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1818" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela">Heterarthrus leucomela (Klug, 1818)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="192171AB3A15CFFECDDCB14266F1FF5B" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6274637964F28EBB32E17DF5F7BF87B7" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="9BD470BC8BFBB41224ADBD237EFAF49A" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Emphytus) leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela" subGenus="Emphytus">Tenthredo (Emphytus) leucomela</taxonomicName>
Klug, 1818: 274. Holotype ♀, in ZMHUB (examined). Type locality: Silesia (now Poland). Note: the name is a noun and therefore not declinable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C4EF121AC64DB1DA7D052CB4BB88129" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="33D64F53AF94C0A04B1E3A41E0F54443" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus leucomelus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelus">Heterarthrus leucomelus</taxonomicName>
(Klug, 1814), misspelling. Altenhofer &amp; Zombori (1987: 186-188): description of adult, larva and biology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58B6DA68E4B8D21FDA794D86F5556633" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="2B8AA4BE8B81456616019E3B44A244D1" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Phyllotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllotoma aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">Phyllotoma aceris</taxonomicName>
Kaltenbach, 1856: 257-258. Syntypes (sex not stated), larva, host 
<taxonomicName id="72E99C66BD531E977FF0785D014EB223" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">Acer pseudoplatanus</taxonomicName>
. Type material apparently lost. Type locality not stated (but presumably Germany, according to title of the work). New synonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DF64C6010BF3C93A3CC7620230A3B1B" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="type material">
<paragraph id="0F942B8E5A324B4724F7D55BFD80CCBE" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA550ADED0AAB3A437717AD8523324F8" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
Holotype 
<taxonomicName id="46FC9476CDB6D8F1E97EBC299ED7E2EA" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Emphytus) leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela" subGenus="Emphytus">Tenthredo (Emphytus) leucomela</taxonomicName>
: ♀ &quot;Silesia m. Kl.&quot;, &quot;Leucomela Kl&quot;, 
<normalizedToken id="45F402325673C0AB9CC5A409926FE51F" originalValue="“14138”">&quot;14138&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="51A113DC293DC267751D04BF6136BE90" originalValue="“GBIF-GISHym2425”">&quot;GBIF-GISHym2425&quot;</normalizedToken>
(ZMHUB).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EEB07E5B3FE5D97D8611EB5BA15C5A61" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D9C9E124DA56513F5B98F2C4B11D215C" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="765F3CC1F88E2E092D35807B634DB9D3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation id="F0D650AB24342B680D14F2F7CE8A820F" collectingDate="1977-05-13" collectorName="E. Altenhofer" country="Austria" location="Linz" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Upper Austria">
<collectingCountry id="AF53E3B853BA8B6EB902F5FF5F17CA37" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="411CB344F60229989EF04279F5B91536" country="Austria" name="Oberoesterreich">Upper Austria</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCount id="CFA4AF750E85FEF511997A2C539965D5" type="female">8♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="5DFA821D81709CCAC4289D04F71E2B48" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="85AB0C2D4F157775143B545BCD36773B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24:85AB0C2D4F157775143B545BCD36773B" country="Austria" name="Linz" stateProvince="Upper Austria">Linz</location>
, larva ex 
<taxonomicName id="946563CD64E1BBDEAB7A1001E3F5461E" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis id="1E158A9C37F4B75BD1D22FAD4C10F4B6" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 08.1976 (em. 
<collectingDate id="3E6AE12C569EFD48E20640139B184568" value="1977-05-13">13.5.1977</collectingDate>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="D6C4E43BB5EBD3FD462EC002775F42EB">E. Altenhofer</collectorName>
(HNHM)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="07E2D967DD86C7A09808C439DFE19104" collectingDate="1976-09-12" collectingDateMax="1977-05-07" collectingDateMin="1976-09-12" collectorName="E. Altenhofer, Salz" country="Austria" location="Linz" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Upper Austria">
<specimenCount id="ACAFB893D28B6E4AB4A3C94C173A3BF4" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="30FBECD236B88600A0583CE45A2AE20D" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="A50100EE21FB4EEA2D53EF2F9C899750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24:A50100EE21FB4EEA2D53EF2F9C899750" country="Austria" name="Linz" stateProvince="Upper Austria">Linz</location>
, larva ex 
<taxonomicName id="78C6F0FBF38507FB14FF9E1651024769" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campestre">
<emphasis id="FEEE097A624E0DBC6B9EBBB7FEDC89CD" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Acer campestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingDate id="70C7E0CB1E7F76825C2596E74BE0A17D" value="1976-09-12">12.09.1976</collectingDate>
(em. 
<collectingDate id="58B279AC95FFF70833DA7E849E86162A" value="1977-05-07">7.5.1977</collectingDate>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="B0478E73C1270DE8923600F92172E9E8">E. Altenhofer</collectorName>
(HNHM). 
<collectorName id="6754E29B845429B10D6900B198CEA539">Salz</collectorName>
<pageBreakToken id="FC8BA5BC6B13D2E338730387FD92E673" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" start="start">burg</pageBreakToken>
</materialsCitation>
: 
<materialsCitation id="282AE7E96D315CB122767BD34CE43029" collectingDate="1977-08-25" collectingDateMax="1978-05-03" collectingDateMin="1977-08-25" collectorName="E. Altenhofer" country="Austria" location="Strasswalchen" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Upper Austria">
<specimenCount id="41F30A926D8D0B7C8296FD6E82E4BC44" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<normalizedToken id="45ED7AB9C7B946D04EAE9322C6DAC291" originalValue="Straßwalchen">
<location id="60BF091BAF4F0705A959AFDDB35B7344" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24:60BF091BAF4F0705A959AFDDB35B7344" country="Austria" name="Strasswalchen" stateProvince="Upper Austria">Strasswalchen</location>
</normalizedToken>
, larva ex 
<taxonomicName id="A3CBB069D1B8BEC870E311BA343FEEEF" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campestre">
<emphasis id="FFDD20B95A2982AA03BD0236BF68BAA2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Acer campestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingDate id="09A2447F8A695057EBE73D0010C1AF06" value="1977-08-25">25.08.1977</collectingDate>
(em. 
<collectingDate id="6C569EE5407543109B7F7501133C36A2" value="1978-05-03">3.05.1978</collectingDate>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="FACBBF7258C99319F05A26AC857488A5">E. Altenhofer</collectorName>
(HNHM)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="BEC38D65EC0D74E4CC59B284AAF8A6E1" collectingDate="1975-08-02" collectorName="E. Altenhofer" country="Austria" location="Hallein" municipality="Puch" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Upper Austria">
<specimenCount id="C3BA0C0A98CADE39C204110171EBE5D4" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(DEI-GISHym31981), 
<collectingMunicipality id="4FC5ACBECBF3DE9EEF291B0613D579CD">Puch</collectingMunicipality>
bei 
<location id="36FEEB2961CE430817CCEA0BF23547C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24:36FEEB2961CE430817CCEA0BF23547C1" country="Austria" municipality="Puch" name="Hallein" stateProvince="Upper Austria">Hallein</location>
, reared 
<taxonomicName id="BB8556C7D54895DEE6ADE8062C6F2FFC" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis id="AF9E99448939CD455BD8C87C8CCE7DF0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingDate id="E07A062193E9B42B38F080027FB2734A" value="1975-08-02">02.08.1975</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="8314F95BFB7DCFE9415B59A9B250316E">E. Altenhofer</collectorName>
(SDEI)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="4BBFFB2D8DE349BED7069F6D895C16A6" collectingDate="1975-08-08" collectingDateMax="1976-05-24" collectingDateMin="1975-08-08" collectorName="E. Altenhofer, M. Viitasaari" country="Austria" location="Riedenberg" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lower Austria">
<collectingRegion id="65C1B5C125F808EF57B21327140ACB4A" country="Austria" name="Niederoesterreich">Lower Austria</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCount id="27A13562ED38C81D8050CDEB065827B9" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="0FF87D1F1DA569EF9D78E72A16F546F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24:0FF87D1F1DA569EF9D78E72A16F546F7" country="Austria" name="Riedenberg" stateProvince="Lower Austria">Riedenberg</location>
, reared ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC275F5554BF97B2189128DDC4C5A059" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campestre">
<emphasis id="3B6F920312CE36409EA1DC6BDCD8F8F5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Acer campestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingDate id="01269A28FDC5B948F18CE0186B1C41F1" value="1975-08-08">08.08.1975</collectingDate>
(em. 
<collectingDate id="978B4E63A39DA14864BF14F185DB7604" value="1976-05-24">24.5.1976</collectingDate>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="048C2A5613D1B996ECDEA18FCED38B0B">E. Altenhofer</collectorName>
(private collection 
<collectorName id="38ACDF7CD5E3C95F75CC093639980AD2">M. Viitasaari</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="00F5671B453C8B84F0C22BB076D9A342" collectingDate="1988-09-02" collectingDateMax="1989-04-25" collectingDateMin="1988-09-02" collectorName="E. Altenhofer" country="Austria" location="Etzen" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lower Austria">
<specimenCount id="30F117644E06171B67096688A055C841" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(DEI-GISHym31980), 
<location id="816413832EC7EA1D82714956D3B10489" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F67C08EAD615743A7191EA266EBEB24:816413832EC7EA1D82714956D3B10489" country="Austria" name="Etzen" stateProvince="Lower Austria">Etzen</location>
, reared ex 
<taxonomicName id="5ADD96ED7AADBEB722C12618E415FC09" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis id="1CB3C2481F4A3AB441C161CAFD5DE583" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingDate id="B16EF0F25A538709F483F368BAB14F76" value="1988-09-02">02.09.1988</collectingDate>
(em. 
<collectingDate id="817AAE20F159F53D7915732C4AFF1C03" value="1989-04-25">25.04.1989</collectingDate>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="B7E7656C70F6D315D74EEAC71A5E5D63">E. Altenhofer</collectorName>
(SDEI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3854D913B6EF38F7E364A6886FA55947" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">
<materialsCitation id="1B02A24C636DB20882F61ACBE844722C" collectingDate="2004-05-15" collectorName="A. Liston" country="Germany" location="Bavaria" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bavaria">
<collectingCountry id="530E7BD69C28D0150A5E996275DE9D06" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="DB742BB2D01F872AAA9E5D527C45B749" country="Germany" name="Bayern">Bavaria</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCount id="568A84F7261B2A9DF8F3AD832C81573A" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(DEI-GISHym19032), Dingolfing, Alm, ovipositing in 
<taxonomicName id="EAF35906701853269268F007DB771A9F" lsidName="A. pseudoplatanus" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis id="9EC6AC6F9C3679E4BC87C31B5BBA8685" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">A. pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf, 
<collectingDate id="F68F0F35F229E546CF01692EB76BC480" value="2004-05-15">15.05.2004</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="D36B548E21362087C826AD26EF554BFE">A. Liston</collectorName>
(SDEI)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="F583E326E181F2D3A1A3D7E6576C5CE4" collectingDate="1986-05-24" collectorName="L. Behne" country="Germany" location="Thuringia" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Thuringia">
<collectingRegion id="78FD88BB46FE5A70A6CECE101CFFFC84" country="Germany" name="Thueringen">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCount id="C9A0B25B1CEF9EC1632A8DFC4E168664" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(DEI-GISHym83894), Luisenthal, 
<collectingDate id="46B3297E47D4F12DC44D3E67A08D30AC" value="1986-05-24">24.05.1986</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="889819A557641EB52D4B5C6CE9C7FDA2">L. Behne</collectorName>
(SDEI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ABF47C4D0E5308B04AAB9F2E30EB9AA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="51012A7DA4D410268C7DE07DF48A7103" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F98A662791C43C0454BA617479AD3650" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">
The fate of the type material of 
<taxonomicName id="0427C9DE7F8D1728CAD9197957E455AC" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Phyllotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllotoma aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="0835DA3214CC88CDA965D2F60A24F9AF" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Phyllotoma aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kaltenbach, 1856 is not known. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="27C6ACBD8760F250C01F083F8F20024D" author="Horn, W" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" refId="B28" refString="Horn, W, Friese, G, Gaedike, R, Kahle, I, 1990. Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium ueber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin, 221-573." title="Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium ueber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin, 221 - 573." year="1990">Horn et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, the Kaltenbach Collection was auctioned in London in 1880. The description by 
<bibRefCitation id="76AD35BD601CD535D6187C77C4055209" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="165 - 265" refId="B30" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1856. Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge 13: 165 - 265" title="Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde." volume="13" year="1856">Kaltenbach (1856)</bibRefCitation>
has in the past been misinterpreted, or overlooked, partly because it appeared in a rare journal which is not available in most libraries. By contrast, the book with the same title, by 
<bibRefCitation id="6B643D14FA64310C5A93BEED6A8C9FCA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher=")] Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens (Westphalens)" pageId="31" pageNumber="114" refId="B32" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1874. Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch saemmtlicher auf den heimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch fuer Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe und Gartenfreunde. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 1-848. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" title="Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch saemmtlicher auf den heimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch fuer Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe und Gartenfreunde. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 1 - 848." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" year="1874">Kaltenbach (1874)</bibRefCitation>
, was a widely available and popular work of reference. In 
<bibRefCitation id="8CD218FD506EBB9131E578C390FF04AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher=")] Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens (Westphalens)" pageId="31" pageNumber="114" refId="B32" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1874. Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch saemmtlicher auf den heimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch fuer Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe und Gartenfreunde. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 1-848. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" title="Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch saemmtlicher auf den heimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch fuer Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe und Gartenfreunde. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 1 - 848." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" year="1874">Kaltenbach (1874)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F51CC26F727C7BFBA82579C7A7A62F7A" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="FE6BE4C4C40841A82D682ADFB4DD2476" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still referred to as a new species. As a result of this, subsequent taxonomists who were unaware of 
<bibRefCitation id="04C5C709217964DB9F6BF2CC1737B5A0" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="165 - 265" refId="B30" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1856. Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge 13: 165 - 265" title="Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde." volume="13" year="1856">
<normalizedToken id="2E8CA0C7FE90951143B60B6444AAF803" originalValue="Kaltenbach’s">Kaltenbach's</normalizedToken>
1856
</bibRefCitation>
description regarded 
<taxonomicName id="FAF0E70388619E77FF08171E6437053C" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Phyllotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllotoma aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="771F96126A674E633DE7CD7508E52AE4" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Phyllotoma aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kaltenbach, 1874 as a junior homonym (and usually also a synonym) of 
<taxonomicName id="8B52EEC031E45A445DC6097A9C342076" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Phyllotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllotoma aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="641129D61046D9C94CD5BAE0C840D14E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Phyllotoma aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McLachlan, 1867. All authors of this period assumed that only a single species of 
<taxonomicName id="AC72A4802628EA8E34AFB70B3B64EF74" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5AC4D7011705DFCF7D6027E2BA1474CE" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Heterarthrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred on maples. It is important to note that whilst the description of the adult is exactly the same in both Kaltenbach publications, the description of the early stages is more extensive and the biology is described significantly differently in the work of 1874. Either 
<bibRefCitation id="7B1E1CECF789C111DCF47D1CF7B24490" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher=")] Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens (Westphalens)" pageId="31" pageNumber="114" refId="B32" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1874. Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch saemmtlicher auf den heimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch fuer Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe und Gartenfreunde. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 1-848. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" title="Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. Ein nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnetes Handbuch saemmtlicher auf den heimischen Pflanzen bisher beobachteten Insekten zum Gebrauch fuer Entomologen, Insektensammler, Botaniker, Land- und Forstwirthe und Gartenfreunde. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 1 - 848." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8948" year="1874">Kaltenbach (1874)</bibRefCitation>
had found more material during the intervening years, but failed to recognize that this new material belonged to a species of 
<taxonomicName id="0CEAA695BAACA931E172A9EB2857988B" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A64A0CEEE6F5912E225EF0E90510027E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Acer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="DFC3B010DD9E9987ED74F62045B5B96D" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FFF83B95805668EC2F13E2E044785A2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Heterarthrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
different to the one which he originally described, or perhaps he revised his text in the light of the observations published by 
<bibRefCitation id="DF723FAFB7EC4FAD8681B327DD029B51" author="Healy, C" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="105 - 107" refId="B27" refString="Healy, C, 1867. Observations on the oeconomy of the saw-fly (Phyllotoma aceris, McLach.) that mines the leaves of maple. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 4: 105 - 107" title="Observations on the oeconomy of the saw-fly (Phyllotoma aceris, McLach.) that mines the leaves of maple." volume="4" year="1867">Healy (1867)</bibRefCitation>
on the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="3D2121F6829E7C362080618EF6CE4292" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="9BF96B24573869359C3489D2412BC38D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McLachlan. 
<bibRefCitation id="265694AB0BD21C859D5547F59C63A477" author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori (1987)</bibRefCitation>
were sure that the latter explanation is correct. Whatever the reason for the differences between the two Kaltenbach descriptions, only the first description published in 1856 is relevant when considering the identity of 
<taxonomicName id="156A0639AF630014B540E67539A46DBC" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="0CF972493181C227BC02A63A9EEAA9BC" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kaltenbach. The text in 
<bibRefCitation id="DF4838D4B89E78A02A87B84B42D5B787" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="165 - 265" refId="B30" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1856. Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge 13: 165 - 265" title="Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde." volume="13" year="1856">Kaltenbach (1856)</bibRefCitation>
reads (translated from German):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A045A9A5F6D9FB3C070461AC0460E88E" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="C5EB3EA3280D78FC891C0C13D8DDD59C" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Phyllotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllotoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="501E13AB94CB4C746CE8ACEFB9899BCC" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Phyllotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4BC07D41F738DAF181CE5326A6B1D7F6" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Emphytus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4715E6E5C42A1D4A9BF14720FA22C3D4" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Emphytus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not 
<taxonomicName id="222DDBAD0B32E14A6253942C7626F3F0" genus="Ericampa" lsidName="Ericampa" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C206EB5632DC3217AC8A7AA19A585C0E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Ericampa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as on p. 176) 
<taxonomicName id="1E999788FC3DC8E4841BB0099B08AB7B" genus="Aceris" lsidName="Aceris" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9B0E9A28A09E08F2C833BD5C7FA0602" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
m. The yellowish larva lives in July and August as a mini-caterpillar in the leaves of sycamore (
<taxonomicName id="B31720A00878BDF1F84F8F87795FA2DE" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudo-plantanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudo-plantanus">
<emphasis id="02612B6002192E398DF7F2628CC5EAE3" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Acer pseudo-plantanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic!]). It eats out large areas between the two skins of the leaf, which become noticeable as wan [falbe (sic!), probably typographical error for 
<normalizedToken id="D1C3C3C3BB228A8331D496D9057BC721" originalValue="“fahle”">&quot;fahle&quot;</normalizedToken>
], sickly patches on the leaf upperside. To metamorphose, it spins within the mine a circular, flattened cocoon (similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4E69866B35953C61054C36EFFD577F68" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Tischeria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria complanella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complanella">
<emphasis id="78DED8574E7AF3EAF41D9AA9739F85DC" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Tischeria complanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in oak leaves, and exactly as in 
<taxonomicName id="273CC6D405688BD946D9DCC7E0BC94E0" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Phyllotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllotoma melanopygus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopygus">
<emphasis id="E07F40947045A0F40FA0EB062DB6F4A0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Phyllotoma melanopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Klg. and 
<taxonomicName id="03E916BED8465C60BDF9D7B409252E97" lsidName="Phyl. salicis" pageId="17" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="2F78FD261F394759E666BABFBF15316D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">Phyl. salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
m. living respectively in the leaves of alder and willow), overwinters as a larva therein and first pupates in the following spring. I obtained the wasp as early as the beginning of May by rearing indoors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1B5D52BE69EE27F365F181C73FA41C6" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="17" pageNumber="100">
Wasp: black, smooth; antennae 12-membered, towards the apex ringed with brownish; palps whitish, apical member of labial palps black, the thicker basal mem 
<pageBreakToken id="AF1B5FE5687264A2F177102DA21F07A8" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" start="start">bers</pageBreakToken>
of the maxillary palps ringed with black; area of mouth, the inner edge of the green-violet eyes and the tegulae bone-white. Legs black; all knees and the inner sides of the four front legs dirty yellow-white; tarsi brownish to brown. Wings uniformly dark smoky. Length 1.5-2 
<normalizedToken id="746A618E2774D572F7AEF1CA08509FC8" originalValue="’’’">'''</normalizedToken>
[approx. 3.4-4.5 mm. 1 line = approx. 2.25 mm] 
<normalizedToken id="0DBF37963D43F223FA762A23BF5A33B8" originalValue="’’">''</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FC4F46BBE5B29E92583CE38741673D0" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">
Most significantly, the cocoon of 
<taxonomicName id="001E644DD6A7B686B76B95050DCCF8DF" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="E31F6AE8D886668BE70BC9087DBAD643" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="F3CAD5A64942959B5557856FE49BFF16" author="Kaltenbach, JH" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="165 - 265" refId="B30" refString="Kaltenbach, JH, 1856. Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Neue Folge 13: 165 - 265" title="Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde." volume="13" year="1856">Kaltenbach (1856)</bibRefCitation>
to remain within the leaf, as is indeed the case with 
<taxonomicName id="0574D2884FE5969E21AAC6F8442F0C4B" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. vagans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
<emphasis id="84E62A4CEAC0C0969A478CA7F517DB15" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. vagans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="89BC22DF2467D7423CBC6EFDD9056821" originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
) (= 
<taxonomicName id="07535F79DDABB7FC1863623A5F407634" lsidName="P. melanopygus" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="melanopygus">
<emphasis id="6CCF8376A4F4B834C476E214F086A25C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">P. melanopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Klug, 1818)) and 
<taxonomicName id="3339C312C3EF6484BAD7EFAA6C4C9E89" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. microcephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
<emphasis id="257A0A335E4021944928B7E6E0DEE3B1" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. microcephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Klug) (= 
<taxonomicName id="1F6EBA98098B099B6E39140E6A1A0FB4" lsidName="P. salicis" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="88ADE180CBECF0E89F2AA0E001F55590" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">P. salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kaltenbach, 1856). In the European 
<taxonomicName id="70C9FBB399DF47B60F847647B5C8CB10" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="54A1687339EA3EB613CAC99130AF3762" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">Acer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="9147D6C0FA2F8D27FAC69AF5B5F759EF" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AA4A840EE98FC95583BF83FE91423386" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">Heterarthrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cocoons of all species except 
<taxonomicName id="CC7AF64A86F53134A24C04658352001A" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela">
<emphasis id="B0B5786EF358C541EED1DF2165670F30" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. leucomela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
separate from the leaf and fall to the ground soon after they are formed (
<bibRefCitation id="8B47FC4767313547D1D406C4C6F54550" author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori 1987</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="5CCB7829C1EC7CBD795A2F20ECBE86F1" author="Healy, C" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="105 - 107" refId="B27" refString="Healy, C, 1867. Observations on the oeconomy of the saw-fly (Phyllotoma aceris, McLach.) that mines the leaves of maple. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 4: 105 - 107" title="Observations on the oeconomy of the saw-fly (Phyllotoma aceris, McLach.) that mines the leaves of maple." volume="4" year="1867">Healy (1867)</bibRefCitation>
describes the latter behaviour for 
<taxonomicName id="487E9FB6C060DE7E7AB819EBCDC5C9BB" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="C7CE8D43E67ADBB6D96528BB68D514ED" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McLachlan. The relatively late date of collection of 
<normalizedToken id="E56279456CE39A5FB6FC9DC1FA22D7A1" originalValue="Kaltenbach’s">Kaltenbach's</normalizedToken>
larvae only fits the slow larval development recorded for 
<taxonomicName id="F1765CDDD5D6924C60AE0A5CB3761FC5" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela">
<emphasis id="C7D2BE79A4994E3C9DE13AECAD2E3FD4" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. leucomela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="8A5E410B2AE227DAF93D35B4AE8A4846" author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="F7BFD12226CA7D342FCEE095A662665E" author="Spaeth, J" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="60 - 70" refId="B67" refString="Spaeth, J, Liston, AD, 2003. Bestimmung von Blattminen der Blattwespengattung Heterarthrus an Ahorn (Acer sp.) sowie Neunachweise aus Deutschland (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 52: 60 - 70" title="Bestimmung von Blattminen der Blattwespengattung Heterarthrus an Ahorn (Acer sp.) sowie Neunachweise aus Deutschland (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="52" year="2003">
<normalizedToken id="50617800898A41F5BEC0DF27C959EA6D" originalValue="Späth">Spaeth</normalizedToken>
and Liston (2003)
</bibRefCitation>
. All other maple-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="5627A6EF41EE9F3953545541E9F19835" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A0164DB4960686D6FEE78E348201019" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">Heterarthrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species finish feeding earlier in the year. Furthermore, only the male of 
<taxonomicName id="347FE47BC3E454A3CE490ED3D59AA21D" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela">
<emphasis id="FDC001616562D1FB0D2A71A87D5A8E2B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. leucomela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the pattern of black and white colour on the palps (see 
<bibRefCitation id="6532132765828A73CCC033F4881914A5" author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori 1987</bibRefCitation>
) which Kaltenbach describes for 
<taxonomicName id="78BF89F0D419CA3086597389B347B535" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="FEC61F0FEEB6B2DBBEFD42FBA96C2A09" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The relatively small body size given by Kaltenbach (females of 
<taxonomicName id="6FCBDA44271FAB554E06C083E23BF762" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela">
<emphasis id="EF87FAF67ADBAE10796F43E94C43761B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. leucomela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are conspicuously larger than other species of 
<emphasis id="BCFEB0DCF5B5AE7EC99A405C7203BA18" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">aceris</emphasis>
group) also indicates that the syntypes of 
<taxonomicName id="06A9A10DA61F7E9F0B09A14C927B2CBD" lsidName="P. aceris" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="9D1204AF714849A39E832BC8DE02B52F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">P. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were males: 
<bibRefCitation id="3498900EEBB5E22688E53DDC1AC0A696" author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori (1987</bibRefCitation>
: 187) give a body length of 3.5-5.5 mm for male 
<taxonomicName id="EE32AF01B556E84E60B40B51BC199A20" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. leucomela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomela">
<emphasis id="8B16F6C35C17A13A4A0682A97BC4C8F4" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">H. leucomela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 5.5-7.0 mm for females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3755DAC899BB8322493075D507BC91B8" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" type="host">
<paragraph id="168C36C3782B852C1918C82F9779BF32" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">Host plants and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A51930E580C28E287B7052B9A2964E37" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="E0A227B2C27F652B7EB7D24B03CC2712" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campestre">
<emphasis id="169200B86493FA7ECF7B0B1A677952F2" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">Acer campestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. and 
<taxonomicName id="89B3D64D3E6981F98517F131BF15E335" lsidName="A. pseudoplatanus" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis id="584A1F1F7F432D256CACF007E1AB4E3F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">A. pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="EDE0F037C5EA94CB3E10A30CB3BB813D" author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Oviposition in the leaf edge. The cocoon remains within the leaf. Univoltine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E07D81E4F6AC14E2106EDF39B6B30EE" pageId="18" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4118C141DC578361F32AD74C6A1CB89D" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FE6995C484CF81717BFC0BC18A8B177" pageId="18" pageNumber="101">
Central and south-east Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="8BD1C4CE654526A1BC8D40B39B18FE75" author="Taeger, A" editor="Blank, SM" journalOrPublisher="Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="399 - 504" refId="B69" refString="Taeger, A, Blank, SM, Liston, AD, 2006. European Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) - A Species Checklist for the Countries. In: Blank, SM, Schmidt, S, Taeger, A, Eds., Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern: 399 - 504" title="European Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) - A Species Checklist for the Countries." volumeTitle="Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects." year="2006">Taeger et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>