529 lines
60 KiB
XML
529 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9BCC1537AFCD9DB890A111ECAB75D42E">Deep-Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) From The South Atlantic</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB1CD4F8AFFFB367D63F5B3" ID-CoL="64PNF" authority="(Verrill, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[744,1151,1199,1223]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="saginata">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB1CD4F8AFFFB367AF3F5B2" box="[744,1007,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="27">Actinoscyphia saginata (</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB1CD4F8BF8FB367D64F5B3" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1007,1144,1199,1223]" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" pagination="216 - 225" refId="ref43178" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1882. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 4. American Journal of Science 23: 216 - 225." type="journal article" year="1882">Verrill, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<heading id="D0AE818FFFB1CD4F8B2BFB6A7D30F47F" box="[828,1068,1267,1291]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" reason="2">
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<figureCitation id="13622A66FFB1CD4F8B2BFB6A7ACBF47F" box="[828,983,1267,1291]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStartId-0="29.[109,151,1334,1355]" captionStartId-1="30.[108,150,1314,1335]" captionTargetBox-1="[142,601,224,1281]" captionTargetId-1="figure-399@30.[142,601,224,1284]" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionText-0="FIG. 11. External and internal anatomy and histology of Actinoscyphia saginata Verrill, 1882. A, Oral view of preserved specimen; note cuticle (arrow); B, histological cross section through proximal column and 12 cycles of mesenteries attached to introverted pedal disc; note cuticle (arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column and small marginal mesogleal sphincter musculature; D, detail of distal marginal sphincter musculature showing tendency for reticulation distally; E, detail of proximal marginal sphincter musculature and alveolar structure; F, longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature (arrow); G, histological section through distal column and mesogleal basal aboral thickening of tentacle (arrow); H, histological cross section through proximal column and cycles of mesenteries; I, detail of pair of sterile mesenteries of fourth cycle with filaments; J, detail of pair of sterile mesenteries of fifth cycle; K, detail of spermatic cysts on mesenteries of third cycle; L, detail of retractor musculature on mesenteries of fourth cycle; M, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a mesentery of second cycle; N, detail of parietobasilar musculature on mesentery of fifth cycle. Abbreviations: fi, filament; pb, parietobasilar musculature; re, retractor musculature; sc, spermatic cysts; sp, marginal sphincter musculature; t, tentacle. Scale bar: A, 40 mm; B, C, G, 0.5 mm; D, E, J, L, 0.1 mm; F, K, M, 0.2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.25 mm; N, 0.05 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 12. Cnidom of Actinoscyphia saginata Verrill, 1882: A, B, F, G, spirocyst; C, H, K, N, basitrich; D, I, L, O, p-mastigophore B1; E, J, holotrich; M, immature nematocyst; P, medusozoan nematocyst." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5414274" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5414274/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="27">Figures 11–12</figureCitation>
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, table 5
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(
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locality: REVIZEE
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527, sector 1, dredging 33,
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, collected on
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by
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(
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|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D0FFB1CD4F8B0BF9F67A64F7F3" box="[796,888,1647,1671]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.402" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1402.0">1402 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFF9E98FFB1CD4F8B87F9E97D0BF7F3" box="[912,1047,1647,1671]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="27" pageNumber="27">MNRJ 4226</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6AFFB1CD4F8C3BF9F67DACF7F3" box="[1068,1200,1647,1671]" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBEFFB1CD498ABBF909782BF049" collectingDate="2000-06-28" collectionCode="ES, R, V" collectorName="Sta. EO" country="Brazil" elevation="1639" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="29" latitude="-20.173666" location="Southwestern Atlantic" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-38.673668" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
locality: REVIZEE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB1CD4F8B6BF9097AA6F7DC" box="[892,954,1680,1704]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="27" pageNumber="27">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
2,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB1CD4F8BCCF9097D32F7DC" box="[987,1070,1680,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="27">Sta. EO</collectorName>
|
||
525, sector 1, dredging 31,
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB1CD4F8B52F9287D23F7BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB1CD4F8B52F9287D23F7BD" box="[837,1087,1713,1737]" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.173666" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-38.673668" name="Southwestern Atlantic" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Bahia">Southwestern Atlantic</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7673FFB1CD4F8C59F9287D8DF7BD" box="[1102,1169,1713,1737]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD498912FF7B78B4F18F" box="[261,424,226,251]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD4989AAFF7A78C3F18F" box="[445,479,227,251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">ES</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD4989EEFF7A7B60F18F" box="[505,636,225,251]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="10.42" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-20.173666">20°10.42′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD49887BFE9D79E9F06F" box="[108,245,258,284]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="40.42" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-38.673668">38°40.42′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFE71023FFB7CD498986FE9D7B3FF068" box="[401,547,260,284]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="2000-06-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CBFFB7CD498986FE9D7B3FF068" box="[401,547,260,284]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="2000-06-28">28 June 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD498A58FE9D7B7DF068" box="[591,609,260,284]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD498A7EFE9D7B60F068" box="[617,636,260,284]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB7CD49887BFEBC782BF049" box="[108,311,292,317]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Thalassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49887BFEBC79D4F049" box="[108,200,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Thalassa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD4988C0FEBD7833F049" box="[215,303,292,317]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.639" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1639.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D0FFB7CD4988C0FEBD7833F049" box="[215,303,292,317]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.639" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1639.0">1639 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB7CD49889BFEDF78F7F560" blockId="29.[108,640,225,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBEFFB7CD49889BFEDF7B6BF00B" collectionCode="MATERIAL" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="ANT-000014" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD49889BFEDF79E2F02A" box="[140,254,326,350]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
|
||
EXAMINED:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB7CD498994FEDF79A0F00B" authority=": ZMUC" authorityName="ZMUC" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="saginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498994FEDF7B69F029" box="[387,629,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Actinoscyphia saginata</emphasis>
|
||
: ZMUC
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFF9E98FFB7CD4988DBFEFE7842F00B" box="[204,350,359,383]" collectionCode="ANT-" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">ANT-000014</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6AFFB7CD49896FFEFE7B1DF00B" box="[376,513,359,383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E28841FFB7CD498A02FEFE7B6CF00B" box="[533,624,359,383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBEFFB7CD49887BFE1179F7F377" collectingDate="1896-07-11" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ingolf Expedition & Sta." elevation="599" latitude="-66.583336" location="Davis Strait" longLatPrecision="99" longitude="-56.633335" municipality="Arctic Ocean" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 78477" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD4988DAFE11788EF0D4" box="[205,402,392,416]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Ingolf Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD498988FE1178D4F0D4" box="[415,456,392,416]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Sta.</collectorName>
|
||
ING032,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B82AC99FFB7CD498A2FFE1179A9F0B5" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Arctic Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB7CD4988D2FE307857F0B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB7CD4988D2FE307857F0B5" box="[197,331,425,449]" latitude="-66.583336" longLatPrecision="99" longitude="-56.633335" municipality="Arctic Ocean" name="Davis Strait" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Davis Strait</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD49894CFE3078DFF0B5" box="[347,451,424,449]" degrees="66" direction="south" minutes="35.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="-66.583336">66°35.0′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD4989D9FE307B5FF0B4" box="[462,579,424,449]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="38.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="-56.633335">56°38.0′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected
|
||
<date id="FFE71023FFB7CD4988AFFE537854F096" box="[184,328,458,482]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="1896-07-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CBFFB7CD4988AFFE537854F096" box="[184,328,458,482]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="1896-07-11">11 July 1896</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD49894DFE5378B5F096" box="[346,425,458,482]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.99" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="599.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D0FFB7CD49894DFE5378B5F096" box="[346,425,458,482]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.99" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="599.0">599 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFF9E98FFB7CD4989D7FE537B46F096" box="[448,602,458,482]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 78477</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6AFFB7CD498A79FE5379FFF377" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBEFFB7CD4988EEFE7279FEF3BD" collectingDate="1985-05-23" collectionCode="NGOMCS, R, V" collectorName="Continental Slope Expedition & Cruise, IV & Sta." county="Northern Gulf" elevation="751" latitude="-27.713167" location="North Atlantic Ocean" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-91.25467" municipality="Citation" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 079597" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mexico" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62874E6FFFB7CD49894BFE727B1CF377" box="[348,512,491,515]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Northern Gulf</collectingCounty>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD498A3CFE727B60F377" box="[555,636,491,515]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD49887BFD9578C4F350" box="[108,472,524,548]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Continental Slope Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD4989E4FD957B6CF350" box="[499,624,524,548]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">NGOMCS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD49887BFDB479F4F331" box="[108,232,557,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Cruise, IV</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD4988EDFDB4783FF331" box="[250,291,557,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Sta.</collectorName>
|
||
WC-9,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD49899CFDB47881F331" box="[395,413,557,581]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD4989B2FDB478A4F331" box="[421,440,557,581]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD4989DFFDB77B3EF331" box="[456,546,558,581]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B82AC99FFB7CD4989DFFDB77B3EF331" box="[456,546,558,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Citation</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB7CD498A2FFDB47800F312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB7CD498A2FFDB47800F312" county="Northern Gulf" latitude="-27.713167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-91.25467" municipality="Citation" name="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Mexico">North Atlantic Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB7CD49893AFDD778CCF312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB7CD49893AFDD778CCF312" box="[301,464,590,614]" county="Northern Gulf" latitude="-27.713167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-91.25467" municipality="Citation" name="northern Gulf" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Mexico">northern Gulf</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD498A17FDD77B4EF312" box="[512,594,590,614]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD49887BFDF679C4F3F3" box="[108,216,623,647]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD4988F4FDF67842F3F3" box="[227,350,622,647]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="42.79" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-27.713167">27°42.79′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD498971FDF678F1F3F3" box="[358,493,622,647]" degrees="91" direction="west" minutes="15.28" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-91.25467">91°15.28′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFE71023FFB7CD49887BFD09781EF3DC" box="[108,258,656,681]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="1985-05-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CBFFB7CD49887BFD09781EF3DC" box="[108,258,656,681]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="1985-05-23">23 May 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498902FD097886F3DC" box="[277,410,656,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.51" metricValueMax="8.07" metricValueMin="6.95" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="751.0" valueMax="807.0" valueMin="695.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D0FFB7CD498902FD097886F3DC" box="[277,410,656,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.51" metricValueMax="8.07" metricValueMin="6.95" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="751.0" valueMax="807.0" valueMin="695.0">695–807 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFF9E98FFB7CD4989A6FD097B45F3DC" box="[433,601,656,680]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 079597</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6AFFB7CD498A67FD0979C6F3BD" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBEFFB7CD4988E5FD2879AEF2E4" collectingDate="1984-12-08" collectionCode="NGOMCS, R, V" collectorName="Continental Slope Expedition & Sta. C" county="northern Gulf" elevation="2074" latitude="-27.228167" location="Gyre" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-89.613335" municipality="Cruise" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="14" stateProvince="Mexico" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62874E6FFFB7CD49894FFD2878E6F3BD" box="[344,506,689,713]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">northern Gulf</collectingCounty>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD498A3DFD287B60F3BD" box="[554,636,689,713]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD49887BFD4B78C4F39E" box="[108,472,722,746]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Continental Slope Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD4989E4FD4A7B6CF39F" box="[499,624,723,747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">NGOMCS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B82AC99FFB7CD49887BFD6D79AAF278" box="[108,182,756,780]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Cruise</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, III,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD4988FDFD6D7830F278" box="[234,300,756,780]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Sta. C</collectorName>
|
||
11,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD498945FD6D7878F278" box="[338,356,756,780]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD49897BFD6D7863F278" box="[364,383,756,780]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498991FD6D78A5F27F" box="[390,441,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB7CD498991FD6D78A5F27F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB7CD498991FD6D78A5F27F" box="[390,441,756,779]" county="northern Gulf" latitude="-27.228167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-89.613335" municipality="Cruise" name="Gyre" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Mexico">Gyre</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB7CD4989D1FD6D7B7CF278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB7CD4989D1FD6D7B7CF278" box="[454,608,756,780]" county="northern Gulf" latitude="-27.228167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-89.613335" municipality="Cruise" name="northern Gulf" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Mexico">northern Gulf</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD49887BFC8C79A1F259" box="[108,189,789,813]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB7CD4988FAFC8C7846F259" box="[237,346,789,813]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD498970FC8C78F9F259" box="[359,485,788,813]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="13.69" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-27.228167">27°13.69′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD4989F9FC8C7B67F258" box="[494,635,788,813]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="36.80" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-89.613335">89°36.80′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFE71023FFB7CD4988EAFCAF78DEF23A" box="[253,450,822,846]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="1984-12-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CBFFB7CD4988EAFCAF78DEF23A" box="[253,450,822,846]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="1984-12-08">8 December 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD4989C4FCAF7B6CF23A" box="[467,624,822,846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.074" metricValueMax="2.085" metricValueMin="2.063" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2074.0" valueMax="2085.0" valueMin="2063.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D0FFB7CD4989C4FCAF7B6CF23A" box="[467,624,822,846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.074" metricValueMax="2.085" metricValueMin="2.063" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2074.0" valueMax="2085.0" valueMin="2063.0">2063–2085 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB7CD49887BFCCE78DDF21B" authority=": AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[108,449,855,879]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plebeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49887BFCCE7847F21B" box="[108,347,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Actinoscyphia plebeia</emphasis>
|
||
: AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4080 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6AFFB7CD498A03FCCE79B6F2E4" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBEFFB7CD4988A8FCE178FBF560" collectingDate="2002-02-19" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="Cruise & I Program & Polarstern & Sta. PS" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="2855" latitude="-61.728333" location="Mercedes Conradi" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="-60.710335" municipality="Drake Passage" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="XIX/3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mexico" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
locality: ANT
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFF9E98FFB7CD498948FCE178BEF2E4" box="[351,418,888,912]" collectionCode="XIX" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">XIX/3</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD4989BDFCE178E8F2E4" box="[426,500,888,912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Cruise</collectorName>
|
||
, ANDEEP
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD498A64FCE179CDF2C5" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">I Program</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD4988F1FC0079E4F2C5" box="[230,248,921,945]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD498917FC00780FF2C5" box="[256,275,921,945]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498933FC00788AF2C5" box="[292,406,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD498933FC00788AF2C5" box="[292,406,921,945]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Polarstern</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5335FFB7CD4989BAFC007B1AF2C5" box="[429,518,921,945]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
61/114-10,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62874E6FFFB7CD49887BFC237833F2A6" box="[108,303,954,978]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B82AC99FFB7CD498955FC2378F3F2A6" box="[322,495,954,978]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Drake Passage</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD498A15FC237B60F2A6" box="[514,636,953,978]" degrees="61" direction="south" minutes="43.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="-61.728333">61°43.7′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5024FFB7CD49887BFC4279EAF286" box="[108,246,986,1011]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="42.62" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-60.710335">60°42.62′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFE71023FFB7CD498983FC427B44F287" box="[404,600,987,1011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="2002-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CBFFB7CD498983FC427B44F287" box="[404,600,987,1011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" value="2002-02-19">19 February 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<location id="8E866038FFB7CD49887BFC65782AF560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F5FFB1CD4A8AFFFB367DA0F7BD:8E866038FFB7CD49887BFC65782AF560" box="[108,310,1020,1044]" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-61.728333" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="-60.710335" municipality="Drake Passage" name="Mercedes Conradi" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Mexico">Mercedes Conradi</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498953FC6578C3F560" box="[324,479,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8545" metricValueMax="2.856" metricValueMin="2.853" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2854.5" valueMax="2856.0" valueMin="2853.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D0FFB7CD498953FC6578C3F560" box="[324,479,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8545" metricValueMax="2.856" metricValueMin="2.853" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2854.5" valueMax="2856.0" valueMin="2853.0">2853–2856 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB7CD49889BFB847D5DF3F2" blockId="29.[108,640,225,1275]" lastBlockId="29.[684,1213,226,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">
|
||
EXTERNAL
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE26FFB7CD498912FB847872F541" box="[261,366,1053,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">ANATOMY</collectionCode>
|
||
(fig. 11): Animal irregularly shaped (fig. 11A). Pedal disc well developed, elongate, perpendicular to directive axis, tubular, wrapped around cylindrical substrate, with golden-brown chitinous material (fig. 11A, B);
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD49887BFB5A79F2F5AE" box="[108,238,1219,1243]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="0.88" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="115.0" valueMax="142.0" valueMin="88.0">88–142 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in preserved specimens. Column irregularly shaped, not divisible into regions, stiff, smooth, mostly without epidermis and light-pink mesoglea exposed (fig. 11A);
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498C6CFE9A7BC4F04F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="38.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="19.0">19–57 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498B61FEBD7AF6F04F" box="[886,1002,292,316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="72.0" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="52.0">52–92 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens. Brown-red epidermis in parts of column (fig. 11A) and oral disc. Oral disc wide, irregularly shaped, folding on itself, but not bilobed (fig. 11A), with large central mouth;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498C37FE317D87F0B4" box="[1056,1179,424,448]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="48.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="34.0">34–62 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in preserved specimens. Tentacles brown-red, slender, long, marginal, with beige, mesogleal basal aboral thickenings (fig. 11A);
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498ABBFDB57A39F330" box="[684,805,556,580]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7084" metricValueMax="3.8608" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="146.0" valueMax="152.0" valueMin="140.0">140–152 in</quantity>
|
||
two marginal cycles (fig. 11A); outer tentacles longer than inner ones, longest tentacle up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB7CD498AFBFDF77A24F3F2" box="[748,824,622,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3436568FFB7CD4A8ADBFD097D17F3F2" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB7CD498ADBFD097DB2F522" blockId="29.[684,1213,226,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">INTERNAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY (fig. 11): Body wall thick throughout column with mesoglea (306–526 μm) much thicker than gastrodermis (60–172 μm), and epidermis (69–237 μm); mesoglea less thick proximally. Marginal sphincter musculature mesogleal, weak and diffuse without tendency for stratification, wider marginally and thinner proximally closer to gastrodermis (fig. 11C): all alveoli nonpigmented, larger and reticular distally (fig. 11D), smaller and scattered proximally (fig. 11E). Longitudinal musculature of tentacles ectodermal but less developed in aboral side (fig. 11F); mesogleal basal aboral thickenings in tentacles (fig. 11G).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB7CD4A8ADBFBC77A91F0B4" blockId="29.[684,1213,226,1275]" lastBlockId="30.[684,1213,226,1738]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in five cycles (6+6+12+24+n = 72–80 pairs) on entire body length: mesenteries of first and second cycles perfect proximally (fig. 11H), including two pairs of directives each associated to one siphonoglyph. First cycle sterile; second to third cycles imperfect, fertile, with filaments only proximally (fig. 11H); fourth cycle imperfect, sterile, with filaments (fig. 11I); fifth cycle imperfect, sterile, without filaments (fig. 11J). Same number of mesenteries distally and proximally. Mesenteries thin, with some sections with mesogleal thickenings (fig. 11B, H); retractors diffuse slightly more developed distally (fig. 11I, L); well-developed parietobasilar musculature in all mesenteries (fig. 11M) less developed in mesenteries of fifth cycle (fig. 11N). All specimens collected in June and July males; major axis of spermatic cysts 76–238 μm (fig. 11K). Species inferred gonochoric.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666BFFB7CD49887AFAAF7D7CF7BD" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" startId="29.[109,151,1334,1355]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB7CD49887AFAAF7D7CF7BD" blockId="29.[109,1211,1332,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">
|
||
FIG. 11. External and internal anatomy and histology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB7CD498ABCFAAD7D09F439" authority="Verrill, 1882" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1882" box="[683,1045,1332,1357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="saginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498ABCFAAD7A93F438" box="[683,911,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">Actinoscyphia saginata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB7CD498B82FAAD7D09F439" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[917,1045,1332,1357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" pagination="216 - 225" refId="ref43178" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1882. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 4. American Journal of Science 23: 216 - 225." type="journal article" year="1882">Verrill, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498C08FAAD7D2BF438" bold="true" box="[1055,1079,1332,1356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Oral view of preserved specimen; note cuticle (arrow);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498A06FACB7B3BF41E" bold="true" box="[529,551,1362,1386]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">B,</emphasis>
|
||
histological cross section through proximal column and 12 cycles of mesenteries attached to introverted pedal disc; note cuticle (arrow);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498B46FAF67A75F4F3" bold="true" box="[849,873,1391,1415]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">C,</emphasis>
|
||
histological longitudinal section through distal column and small marginal mesogleal sphincter musculature;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498B8BFA147AA9F4D1" bold="true" box="[924,949,1421,1445]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">D,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of distal marginal sphincter musculature showing tendency for reticulation distally;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498B0EFA337A32F4B6" bold="true" box="[793,814,1450,1474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">E,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of proximal marginal sphincter musculature and alveolar structure;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD4989CEFA5E78F6F4AB" bold="true" box="[473,490,1479,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">F,</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature (arrow);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49895DFA7D787FF488" bold="true" box="[330,355,1508,1532]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">G,</emphasis>
|
||
histological section through distal column and mesogleal basal aboral thickening of tentacle (arrow);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498909F99B7824F76E" bold="true" box="[286,312,1538,1562]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">H,</emphasis>
|
||
histological cross section through proximal column and cycles of mesenteries;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498C7CF99B7D60F76E" bold="true" box="[1131,1148,1538,1562]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">I,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of pair of sterile mesenteries of fourth cycle with filaments;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498AD3F9867BCEF743" bold="true" box="[708,722,1567,1591]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">J,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of pair of sterile mesenteries of fifth cycle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49887AF9A47999F721" bold="true" box="[109,133,1597,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">K,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of spermatic cysts on mesenteries of third cycle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498AD3F9A47BC5F721" bold="true" box="[708,729,1597,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">L,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of retractor musculature on mesenteries of fourth cycle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498918F9C37830F706" bold="true" box="[271,300,1626,1650]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">M,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of parietobasilar musculature on a mesentery of second cycle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498BE7F9C37D14F706" bold="true" box="[1008,1032,1626,1650]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">N,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of parietobasilar musculature on mesentery of fifth cycle. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498AEBF9EE7A0EF7FB" bold="true" box="[764,786,1655,1679]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">fi,</emphasis>
|
||
filament;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498B6CF9EE7A80F7FB" bold="true" box="[891,924,1655,1679]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">pb,</emphasis>
|
||
parietobasilar musculature;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49887AF90C7994F7D9" bold="true" box="[109,136,1685,1709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">re,</emphasis>
|
||
retractor musculature;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49896BF90C788BF7D9" bold="true" box="[380,407,1685,1709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">sc,</emphasis>
|
||
spermatic cysts;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498A5DF90C7B7BF7D9" bold="true" box="[586,615,1685,1709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">sp,</emphasis>
|
||
marginal sphincter musculature;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498BD3F90C7AC8F7D9" bold="true" box="[964,980,1685,1709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">t,</emphasis>
|
||
tentacle. Scale bar:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498CB4F90D7DA7F7D8" bold="true" box="[1187,1211,1684,1708]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">A,</emphasis>
|
||
40 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD4988D5F92B780BF7BE" bold="true" box="[194,279,1714,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">B, C, G,</emphasis>
|
||
0.5 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD49896FF92B78C2F7BE" bold="true" box="[376,478,1714,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">D, E, J, L,</emphasis>
|
||
0.1 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498A28F92B7B88F7BE" bold="true" box="[575,660,1714,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">F, K, M,</emphasis>
|
||
0.2 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498AE1F92B7A0CF7BE" bold="true" box="[758,784,1714,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">H,</emphasis>
|
||
1 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498B76F92B7A6DF7BE" bold="true" box="[865,881,1714,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">I,</emphasis>
|
||
0.25 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB7CD498BC8F92B7AE4F7BE" bold="true" box="[991,1016,1714,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="29">N,</emphasis>
|
||
0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB4CD4A8ADBFE507D17F3F2" blockId="30.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
|
||
CNIDOM (fig. 12): Spirocysts, basitrichs,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8ABBFE727BA5F376" box="[684,697,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores B1, and holotrichs. Some nematocysts found in the actinopharynx (fig. 12M) and filament (fig. 12P) are likely the result of contamination by feeding. See figure 12 and table 5 for size and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3436568FFB4CD4A8ADBFD097D2DF286" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB4CD4A8ADBFD097D2DF286" blockId="30.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION AND NATURAL HISTORY:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8C6DFD097A76F3BC" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1882" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="saginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8C6DFD097A76F3BC" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Actinoscyphia saginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from the Atlantic coast of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7673FFB4CD4A8BD1FD4B7D46F39E" box="[966,1114,722,746]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
off New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7673FFB4CD4A8ABBFD6A7A1BF27F" box="[684,775,755,779]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB4CD4A8B0FFD6A7A7FF27F" box="[792,867,755,779]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.68" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="968.0">968 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB4CD4A8B6BFD6A7D11F27F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[892,1037,755,779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="216 - 225" refId="ref43178" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1882. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 4. American Journal of Science 23: 216 - 225." type="journal article" year="1882">Verrill, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is also known from the Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7673FFB4CD4A8C66FC8D7DA7F25F" box="[1137,1211,788,811]" name="France" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB4CD4A8AA4FCAC7A4FF239" box="[691,851,821,845]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1425" metricValueMax="2.177" metricValueMin="2.108" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="2142.5" valueMax="2177.0" valueMin="2108.0">2108–2177 m</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7673FFB4CD4A8B8AFCAC7D1DF238" box="[925,1025,821,844]" name="Morocco" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB4CD4A8C02FCAC7DA8F239" box="[1045,1204,821,845]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3675" metricValueMax="1.394" metricValueMin="1.341" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1367.5" valueMax="1394.0" valueMin="1341.0">1341–1394 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB4CD4A8AA3FCCF7AFEF21A" author="Riemann-Zurneck, K." box="[692,994,854,878]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="145 - 153" refId="ref41347" refString="Riemann-Zurneck, K. 1978. Tiefsee-Aktinien der Familie Actinoscyphiidae aus dem Nordatlantik (Actiniaria, Mesomyaria). Zoologica Scripta 7: 145 - 153." type="journal article" year="1978">Riemann-Zürneck, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our specimens extend the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8C53FCEE7DA0F2FB" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1882" box="[1092,1212,887,911]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="saginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8C53FCEE7DA0F2FB" box="[1092,1212,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">A. saginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the South Atlantic off the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF801FFB4CD4A8C72FC017BF6F2A5" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7673FFB4CD4A8AE3FC207A2FF2A5" box="[756,819,953,977]" name="Brazil" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and falls within the known bathymetry for the species (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B06FFB4CD4A8B9CFC437D39F286" box="[907,1061,986,1010]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.548" metricValueMax="1.694" metricValueMin="1.402" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1548.0" valueMax="1694.0" valueMin="1402.0">1402–1694 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3436568FFB4CD4A8ADBFC627DA0F7BD" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E3FFB4CD4A8ADBFC627DA0F7BD" blockId="30.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
|
||
REMARKS: The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8BD7FC627D4BF567" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[960,1111,1019,1043]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8BD7FC627D4BF567" box="[960,1111,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Actinoscyphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains five valid species that are easily recognized by their venus flytraplike morphology: large bilobed oral discs and marginal tentacles arranged in two cycles forming a concave surface. The morphology of the body and oral disc enables these anemones to position themselves within the current and and feed on particles upstream. Although the term “venus flytrap anemone” was originally used to refer to species in genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8C90FABC7A0BF42A" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8C90FABC7A0BF42A" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Actinoscyphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some hormathiids in genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8C48FADF7A7FF40B" authority="Simon, 1892" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Phelliactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8C48FADF7BDAF40B" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Phelliactis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB4CD4A8AC6FAFE7A7FF40B" author="Simon, J. A." box="[721,867,1383,1407]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" refId="ref42215" refString="Simon, J. A. 1892. Ein Beitrag zur Anatomie und Systematik der Hexactinien. Munchen: Val. Hvfling." type="book" year="1892">Simon, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8BB0FAFE7BECF4D4" authority="Carlgren, 1928 b" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1928" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Paraphelliactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8BB0FAFE7D54F40B" box="[935,1096,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Paraphelliactis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB4CD4A8C44FAFE7BECF4D4" author="Carlgren, O." pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref36738" refString="Carlgren, O. 1928 b. Ceriantharier, Zoantharier och Actiniarier. Meddelelser om GrOnland 23 (Suppl.): 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1928">Carlgren, 1928b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8BE6FA117A3BF4B5" authority="Hertwig, 1882" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" class="Anthozoa" family="Amphianthidae" genus="Amphianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8BE6FA117D9EF4D4" box="[1009,1154,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Amphianthus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B12FFB4CD4A8C9EFA107A3BF4B5" author="Hertwig, R." pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref39469" refString="Hertwig, R. 1882. Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76 (Zoology) 6 (1): 1 - 136. London: Printed for H. M. S. O." type="journal article" year="1882">Hertwig, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also have bilobed oral discs with marginal tentacles resembling to the ones seen in actinoscyphiids. The similarity in the venus flytraplike morphology in all these genera has led to misidentification of the many images of venus flytrap anemones attributed to
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8C5BF9D67BFFF7F3" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8C5BF9D67BC3F7F3" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Actinoscyphia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
when in fact they refer to other families and genera. In any case, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D60FFB4CD4A8C31F9087DA0F7DD" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[1062,1212,1681,1705]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinoscyphiidae" genus="Actinoscyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8C31F9087DA0F7DD" box="[1062,1212,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Actinoscyphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mainly distributed in the North Atlantic (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF1FFB4CD4A8CB4F92B7DA0F7BD" box="[1187,1212,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">A.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |