259 lines
34 KiB
XML
259 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="40F9F244EB8427025D119930D17B31D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="45338" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93379979-2e30-4117-a4fd-445b470d0ddd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230036" ID-ZooBank="B70EC0BF-310D-43A6-90F1-7124BF39294D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460446573709" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P." docDate="2014" docId="03F087A0FFC6FF86248EFF30FD537499" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03826p355.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3826 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stelletta anthastra Lehnert & Stone, 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="352" masterDocId="FFC9FFD8FFCFFF8D2419FFA7F95F7461" masterDocTitle="Aleutian Ancorinidae (Porifera, Astrophorida): Description of three new species from the genera Stelletta and Ancorina" masterLastPageNumber="355" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="350" updateTime="1698333475742" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B0EF62C12B26458BFB1C7784994ABEF2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1EEDFBC7FD6B00893A9C864950982BA7">
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<mods:title id="D964EE4D9404FC18D1B156BE1A90CC84">Aleutian Ancorinidae (Porifera, Astrophorida): Description of three new species from the genera Stelletta and Ancorina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="11474C6A7F841908947E4F8622DFE396">Lehnert, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7249F683EBA936EDFA28D44545AF1FCE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="381A02EFBD700378BE2AB41CA72D7810">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FA967C2DEEBDE14B2E231026F095D580">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="84343132D57B3AF1065811276E28235A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B933962EC313C4CD8ED78001E4018C08">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4BD6EC0F823F5666DE123F3164C8F7D2">
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<mods:date id="74D76B2BE859B16DFCBA9E8C79BDB159">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3742115B0022C0E55CB365AD3EEEF336">3826</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="66777B8C467250360889087BFE37249A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D5D48DD6CBCD7DDE72F1ED289EA1EA49" type="GBIF-Dataset">93379979-2e30-4117-a4fd-445b470d0ddd</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0F52FCA0268249812AC439B6831B9B2" type="Zenodo-Dep">230036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F087A0FFC6FF86248EFF30FD537499" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690537" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087A0FFC6FF86248EFF30FD537499" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087A0FFC6FF86248EFF30FD537499" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
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<subSubSection id="C343653DFFC6FF84248EFF30F9B474B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC6FF84248EFF30F8E474D3" blockId="9.[151,443,151,211]" box="[151,443,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
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<heading id="D0AE81DAFFC6FF84248EFF30F8E474D3" bold="true" box="[151,443,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF84248EFF30F8E474D3" bold="true" box="[151,443,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC6FF84248EFF30F82D74D0" box="[151,370,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF84248EFF30F82D74D0" bold="true" box="[151,370,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">Stelletta anthastra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57DFFFC6FF842560FF3FF8E474D3" box="[377,443,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC6FF84248EFF1DF9B474B2" blockId="9.[151,443,151,211]" box="[151,235,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC6FF842486FF1DF9BD74B2" box="[159,226,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C343653DFFC6FF84248EFEA4FC7075E2" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC6FF84248EFEA4FC7075E2" blockId="9.[151,1436,258,387]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF84248EFEA4F828757A" bold="true" box="[151,375,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54E28814FFC6FF842599FEA4F8B9757B" box="[384,486,259,282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED48AE73FFC6FF8425EAFEA4FB1F757B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[499,576,259,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">USNM</collectionCode>
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1231429, in 70% ethanol, fragment of the
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<typeStatus id="54E28814FFC6FF842005FEA4FD26757B" box="[1052,1145,259,282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED48AE73FFC6FF842090FEA4FD9E757B" box="[1161,1217,259,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">ZSM</collectionCode>
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20140114), in 70% ethanol. Collected by Brian Knoth with a research survey bottom trawl from the FV
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF842007FE81FD96755C" box="[1054,1225,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">Ocean Explorer</emphasis>
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;
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<date id="FFE71076FFC6FF8420C1FE81FC36755C" box="[1240,1385,294,317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" value="2012-06-17">
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17 June
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC6FF842128FE81FC36755C" box="[1329,1385,294,317]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.012225" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" unit="m" value="2012225.0">2012</quantity>
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</date>
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, 225 m depth,
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC6FF84251AFEEEF8017501" box="[259,350,329,352]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" unit="km" value="19.8">19.8 km</quantity>
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WNW of Carlisle Island in the Islands of Four Mountains, eastern Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5071FFC6FF842487FECBF86875E2" box="[158,311,364,387]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" precision="1" value="52.9757">52°58.542” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5071FFC6FF842558FECBF8B275E2" box="[321,493,364,387]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" precision="1" value="-170.3887">170°23.322” W</geoCoordinate>
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). Attached to a mass of sand and pebbles. Bottom water temperature = 3.9 °C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF26663EFFC6FF84248EF8A0FB2D7318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" targetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC6FF84248EF8A0FB2D7318" blockId="9.[151,1437,1799,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF84248EF8A0F860737D" bold="true" box="[151,319,1799,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">FIGURE 3A–F.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC6FF84255EF8A0FB5E737C" box="[327,513,1799,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF84255EF8A0FB5E737C" box="[327,513,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">Stelletta anthastra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57DFFFC6FF842610F8AFFB1C737C" box="[521,579,1800,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC6FF842610F8AFFB1C737C" bold="true" box="[521,579,1800,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF26663EFFC5FF87248EFB07FD6570B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230042/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1162]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC5FF87248EFB07FD6570B4" blockId="10.[151,1436,1184,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87248EFB07F81F70D7" bold="true" box="[151,320,1184,1206]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">FIGURE 3G–J.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87255EFB07FB5E70D7" box="[327,513,1184,1206]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87255EFB07FB5E70D7" box="[327,513,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Stelletta anthastra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57DFFFC5FF872611FB07FB1D70D4" box="[520,578,1184,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF872611FB07FB1D70D4" bold="true" box="[520,578,1184,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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G, Oxyasters and anthasters. Scale bar is 10 µm. H, Oxyasters. Scale bar is 2 µm. I, Anthasters. Scale bar is 2 µm. J, Anthasters around unidentified diatom. Scale bar is 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C343653DFFC5FF8724DEFAA6FD7672AB" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC5FF8724DEFAA6FD7672AB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1281,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8724DEFAA6F806717B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1281,1306]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Description.</emphasis>
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Large, massive, whitish (in life), ovoid sponge, approximately
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF872034FAA6FDD77178" box="[1069,1160,1281,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="cm" value="18.5">18.5 cm</quantity>
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<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF872088FAA5FD9B717B" box="[1169,1220,1281,1306]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="1915-10">
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x
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF8720B1FAA6FD9B717B" box="[1192,1220,1281,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="cm" value="15.0">15</quantity>
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</date>
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cm
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<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF8720EEFAA5FC76717B" box="[1271,1321,1282,1306]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="2012-10">
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x
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF872114FAA5FC76717B" box="[1293,1321,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="cm" value="12.0">12</quantity>
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</date>
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cm, hard, only slightly elastic consistency, no oscules visible. The surface is covered by many low elevations, similar to a cauliflower (
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<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF872531FAEEF8947103" box="[296,459,1353,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Figs. 3A & B</figureCitation>
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). Many small openings are visible under low magnification (
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||
<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF872089FAEEFD907103" box="[1168,1231,1353,1378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="1916-10">16 X</date>
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). We are not sure whether these openings are pores or oscules but they are ungrouped and scattered over the entire surface without any obvious pattern. In sections perpendicular to the surface the radial arrangement of polyspicular tracts, consisting of different triaenes and oxeas is visible with the unaided eye (
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<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF8727DFFA12FD1671AF" box="[966,1097,1461,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Figs. 3B–D</figureCitation>
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) as the tracts are
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||
<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF872113FA12FC0371AC" box="[1290,1372,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
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long. These tracts start in the interior with a diameter of
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||
<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF8726CFFA7DFA477190" box="[726,792,1498,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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and fan out at the surface to a diameter of
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF872118FA7DFC337190" box="[1281,1388,1498,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
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||
and support the surface elevations which have the same diameters and height of
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<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF8727FFFA59FD1A7274" box="[998,1093,1534,1558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
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||
. The cortex is
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||
<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF8720FEFA59FC0D7274" box="[1255,1362,1534,1558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
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below the surface (
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<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF87253EF986F8DA725B" box="[295,389,1569,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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). Spicules are ortho- to plagiotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF87274BF986FAF3725B" box="[850,940,1569,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), straight rhabds, 680–910 x 112–115 µm, recurved clads, 480–500
|
||
<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF8725A0F9E1F8B3723F" box="[441,492,1606,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="1990-10">x 90</date>
|
||
–100 µm, occasionally with one or two reduced clads; very long, thin anatriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF872486F9CEF9AA72E3" box="[159,245,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), up to 19,000
|
||
<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF8725B9F9CDF88D72E3" box="[416,466,1642,1666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="1930-10">x 30</date>
|
||
µm and a short cladome with clads, 180
|
||
<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF8727BEF9CDFA8672E3" box="[935,985,1642,1666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="1920-10">x 20</date>
|
||
µm, oxeas, 9500–11,900
|
||
<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF8720E7F9CDFC6F72E3" box="[1278,1328,1641,1666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" value="1950-10">x 50</date>
|
||
–120 µm, oxyspherasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF872554F92AF88A72C7" box="[333,469,1677,1702]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3 G – J" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1162]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3 G – J. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. G, Oxyasters and anthasters. Scale bar is 10 µm. H, Oxyasters. Scale bar is 2 µm. I, Anthasters. Scale bar is 2 µm. J, Anthasters around unidentified diatom. Scale bar is 10 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/230042/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Figs. 3G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), the distal end looks inflated because of a concentration of spines there, 14–20 µm in diameter, and anthasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A33FFC5FF8725ACF916FB7A72AB" box="[437,549,1713,1738]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3 G – J" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,444,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1162]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,439,1777]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 3 A – F. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. A, Holotype, upper side. Grid marks are 1 cm. B, Holotype, obliquely from below. Grid marks are 1 cm. C, Holotype, section showing outer radial structure. Scale bar is 5 cm. D, Holotype, subsample showing radial structure, section perpendicular to c. Scale bar is 5 cm. E, Plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Anatriaene, note size difference to plagiotriaene. Scale bar is 20 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3 G – J. Stelletta anthastra n. sp. G, Oxyasters and anthasters. Scale bar is 10 µm. H, Oxyasters. Scale bar is 2 µm. I, Anthasters. Scale bar is 2 µm. J, Anthasters around unidentified diatom. Scale bar is 10 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/230041/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/230042/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<date id="FFE71076FFC5FF8725EDF915FB5672AB" box="[500,521,1714,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">3I</date>
|
||
–J
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) with spiny ends of rays, 5–8 µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343653DFFC5FF8624DEF972FD6274B4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC5FF8624DEF972FD6274B4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1281,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8724DEF972F813728F" bold="true" box="[199,332,1749,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87254BF972FB40728C" box="[338,543,1749,1773]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87254BF972FB40728C" box="[338,543,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Stelletta anthastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57DFFFC5FF87263DF971FB3F728C" box="[548,608,1750,1773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from all other known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF872005F972FD28728C" box="[1052,1143,1749,1773]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF872005F972FD28728C" box="[1052,1143,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DB030DFFC5FF87209DF972FD89728F" box="[1156,1238,1749,1774]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[125,211,573,595]" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution, spicule categories and measurements of species of the genus Stelletta species from the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. measurements are in µm, unless otherwise noted." pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87248EF95DF8707370" box="[151,303,1785,1809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="makushina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87248EF95DF9FA7370" box="[151,165,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8724AFF95EF8707370" box="[182,303,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">makushina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57DFFFC5FF872520F95DF8277370" box="[313,376,1786,1809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in having shorter triaenes, extremely long anatriaenes up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B53FFC5FF872023F95DFDD37370" box="[1082,1164,1786,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, much longer oxeas, larger, differently shaped oxyasters and an additional category of anthasters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87205FF8B9FC657357" authority="Tanita 1965" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1965" box="[1094,1338,1821,1846]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87205FF8B9FD0B7354" box="[1094,1108,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87207AF8BAFDF27354" box="[1123,1197,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">ovalae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B47FFC5FF8720ACF8BAFC657357" author="Tanita" box="[1205,1338,1821,1846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" refString="Tanita, S. (1965) Report on the sponges obtained from the adjacent waters of the Sado Island, Japan Sea. Bulletin of the Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 14, 43 - 66." type="journal article" year="1965">Tanita 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has very long megascleres but it differs in having dichotriaenes lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF8727BDF8E5FD747338" box="[932,1067,1857,1881]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8727BDF8E5FAED7338" box="[932,946,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8727A6F8E6FD747338" box="[959,1067,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">anthastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the categories of asters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87219EF8E5F9BD731C" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87219EF8E5FCCA7338" box="[1415,1429,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87248EF8C2F9BD731C" box="[151,226,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">ovalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two size categories of oxyasters while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF8726D5F8C1FA0A731C" box="[716,853,1893,1917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8726D5F8C1FB85731C" box="[716,730,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8726F3F8C2FA0A731C" box="[746,853,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">anthastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one category each of oxyaster and anthaster.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87219EF8C1FB5B73C3" authority="Hentschel 1929" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1929" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidiophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87219EF8C1FCCA731C" box="[1415,1429,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87248EF82EF81773C0" box="[151,328,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">rhaphidiophora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B47FFC5FF87254BF82EFB5B73C3" author="Hentschel" box="[338,516,1929,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. & Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898, 5 (4), pp. 857 - 1042, pls. xii - xiv. [G. Fischer, Jena]" type="journal article" year="1929">Hentschel 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DB030DFFC5FF87260FF82EFB3473C3" box="[534,619,1929,1954]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[125,211,573,595]" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution, spicule categories and measurements of species of the genus Stelletta species from the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. measurements are in µm, unless otherwise noted." pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) also has very long megascleres but differs in having dichotriaenes, a second category of oxyasters instead of the anthasters present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF872770F809FAAE73A4" box="[873,1009,1965,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anthastra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF872770F809FA2873A4" box="[873,887,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87279CF80AFAAE73A4" box="[901,1009,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">anthastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in having bundles of rhaphids.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF87219EF809F8C8738B" authority="Tanita, 1965" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1965" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87219EF809FCCA73A4" box="[1415,1429,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF87248EF875F85A738B" box="[151,261,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">splendens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B47FFC5FF872512F876F8C8738B" author="Tanita" box="[267,407,2001,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" refString="Tanita, S. (1965) Report on the sponges obtained from the adjacent waters of the Sado Island, Japan Sea. Bulletin of the Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 14, 43 - 66." type="journal article" year="1965">Tanita, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC5FF8726D2F875FA79738B" box="[715,806,2002,2026]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC5FF8726D2F875FA79738B" box="[715,806,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where “three-rayed” anthasters are described with spiny rays,
|
||
<date id="FFE71076FFC4FF8624CEFF30F86E74D1" box="[215,305,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" value="1995-10-25">95 x 25</date>
|
||
µm. These clearly differ in size and dimensions from the anthasters described here. We question whether the three-rayed anthasters described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D35FFC4FF8626A1FF1BFA1D74B5" box="[696,834,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC4FF8626A1FF1BFB9974B2" box="[696,710,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC4FF8626CDFF1BFA1D74B5" box="[724,834,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indeed anthasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343653DFFC4FF8624DEFF78FD537499" box="[199,1036,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B6FFC4FF8624DEFF78FD537499" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,1036,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAA4FFC4FF8624DEFF78F8117499" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after the beautiful anthasters that occur in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |