261 lines
29 KiB
XML
261 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="3051489555C34D69CD6177F495BE41EE" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241324" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732836998606" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, AbdulAziz M. A., Georgiadis, Christos, Nasser, Mohamed G. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S." docDate="2024" docId="03D9FD3BFF9DFFA4FE91FDBCAE3CFF76" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.41-44.1705-1786.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (41 - 44)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tapinoma melanocephalum" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1711" masterDocId="FFE08543FF9BFFACFFE7FFABAD31FF9B" masterDocTitle="Filling gaps in global myrmecology: ants of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1786" masterPageNumber="1705" pageNumber="1711" updateTime="1732921253021" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1261DED1A75F2020A3D2EB2E385F3BC6">
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<mods:title id="E4CE048050E94351F37A4DE887ED3EFE">Filling gaps in global myrmecology: ants of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BDC7EE4FE8AC309FED7AF68270DB052E">Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C00AD2F044A12B7DD0ACE5043C36E76D">Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; & Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E2A6497C4CF0DF4F77448B87E79E8878">Wetterer, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79FCAAFAA36416724C3CF7475FF7E8F7">Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="A62C3080AC514EF05F2D71205A2DD534" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1BA88543853FFE8DAE8B4EC9A2D3523D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="41187A52EAA154629DCD5DE013A4A354">Mohamed, AbdulAziz M. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCB30B1D43689301DD61B0F4B5324FE8">Agriculture Affairs, Ministry of Municipalities Affairs and Agriculture, Kingdom of Bahrain;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6B2442DF040A7A6AC8FB1E2C773E41C2">Georgiadis, Christos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F9518A2832ED534F38F9B6FAC881E14">Section of Zoology-Marine Biology and Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3CDE83FDB58AF7F090912231B63B9B6">Nasser, Mohamed G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60DA1AD98A2E5C81863BDF3589DB457E">Research Laboratory of Biogeography and Wildlife Parasitology (RLBWP), Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="709812DEE128FA3F0E8F408A761964A5">Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="65F131DB60F9896A5F8D9332158B2492">Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3FDD8602BEB3E35021F73AC2FC22B832">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EB29F433B218EE8730C4E0502EC4E49E">
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<mods:date id="8071525891AA5E28AA7E99EC15506405">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="23DEAB719826A7748826F617B26E0ED9">2024-09-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="628545114E44D92A0A0F8A92308D8F36">58</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E60B7D98EA007C0DC90309F1F0F83735">41 - 44</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="657DD30FFAD8ED6CBBD2DFA65898CBBD">1705</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="20A702CB5FBB25EA23046326C0878BA7">1786</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="704E38E237356BED4B386D2A701DCAF4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="088B8F55BBD69ACC03FF958870B2DB4D" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E1B23DF91D7F5E2FC2B412F4B9579AB" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D9FD3BFF9DFFA4FE91FDBCAE3CFF76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248690" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9FD3BFF9DFFA4FE91FDBCAE3CFF76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9FD3BFF9DFFA4FE91FDBCAE3CFF76" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1711" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFE91FDBCAE9CFDA9" blockId="6.[374,941,535,562]" box="[374,941,535,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<heading id="D087FB41FF9DFFAAFE91FDBCAE9CFDA9" box="[374,941,535,562]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFF9DFFAAFE91FDBCAE9CFDA9" ID-CoL="54T6X" authority="(Fabricius, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[374,941,535,562]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalum">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFE91FDBCAFEDFDA9" bold="true" box="[374,732,535,562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Tapinoma melanocephalum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFD0CFDBCAE94FDA9" author="Fabricius JC" box="[747,933,535,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" refId="ref20159" refString="Fabricius JC. 1793. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome 2. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft; p. 519. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869." type="journal volume" year="1793">Fabricius, 1793</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FF9DFFAAFDB0FDEFAFFDFDC4" box="[599,716,580,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFDB0FDEFAFFDFDC4" blockId="6.[599,716,580,607]" box="[599,716,580,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134B50A8FF9DFFAAFDB8FDEFAFF5FDC4" box="[607,708,580,607]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,227,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[402,913,146,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[398,917,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Tapinoma melanocephalum. Worker. (A) Body in profile. (B) Head in full-face view, ANTWEB1041887, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito). (C) Distribution map." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241330/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FF9DFFAAFF27FDDEA915FD15" box="[192,1060,629,654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFF27FDDEA915FD15" blockId="6.[192,1060,629,654]" box="[192,1060,629,654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB606B03FF9DFFAAFF27FDDEA915FD15" box="[192,1060,629,654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD16A3CFF9DFFAAFF27FDDEAFF6FD15" author="Fabricius JC" box="[192,711,629,654]" page="353" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" year="1793">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFF9DFFAAFF27FDDEAFF6FD15" ID-CoL="CLW68" authority="Fabricius, 1793, p. 353" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="353" authorityYear="1793" box="[192,711,629,654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephala">
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||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFF27FDDEACF7FD15" box="[192,454,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Formica melanocephala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFE29FDDEAF44FD15" author="Fabricius JC" box="[462,629,629,654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" refId="ref20159" refString="Fabricius JC. 1793. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome 2. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft; p. 519. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869." type="journal volume" year="1793">Fabricius, 1793</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 353
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</taxonomicName>
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(w.)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFD19FDDEAE95FD15" box="[766,932,629,654]" name="French Guiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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||
. Neotropic.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FF9DFFAAFF47FD12A942FCC5" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFF47FD12AC25FD48" blockId="6.[160,1156,697,862]" box="[160,276,697,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFF47FD12AC25FD48" bold="true" box="[160,276,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFF47FD77A942FCC5" blockId="6.[160,1156,697,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFF47FD77ADCEFD6D" bold="true" box="[160,255,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Worker.</emphasis>
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This species is easily recognised by its small size (TL
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<quantity id="4C88E1C8FF9DFFAAFC7CFD77A922FD6E" box="[923,1043,732,757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
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) and the bicoloured body, with head and mesosoma brown or dark brown, antennae and mandibles yellow-brown to yellow, gaster and legs yellow; pronotum distinctly broad in dorsal view; mesosoma without erect hairs; petiole flattened and concealed from dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FF9DFFAAFF47FC22AC8FFB23" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFF47FC22AFBCFC38" blockId="6.[160,653,905,931]" box="[160,653,905,931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFF47FC22ACB7FC38" bold="true" box="[160,390,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Three sites: 12; 13; 17.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFAAFF47FC65AC8FFB23" blockId="6.[160,1156,974,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFF47FC65AC4AFC73" bold="true" box="[160,379,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Geographic range.</emphasis>
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This is an invasive species, widely disseminated by commerce across the Old World and New World in both the northern and southern hemispheres (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFBC7FC59ADE6FBB5" author="Wetterer JK" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="23 - 33" refId="ref25319" refString="Wetterer JK. 2009. Worldwide spread of the ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News. 12: 23 - 33." type="journal article" year="2009">Wetterer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and with a presumed African or Asian native range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFCDEFBBEAEC1FBB5" author="Klotz J & Hansen L & Pospischil R & Rust M" box="[825,1008,1045,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" refId="ref21230" refString="Klotz J, Hansen L, Pospischil R, Rust M. 2008. Urban ants of North America and Europe: identification, biology, and management. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca (New York): Cornell University Press; p. 196." type="journal volume" year="2008">
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||
Klotz
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||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFC9DFBBEAE9AFBB5" box="[890,939,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been reported from all countries of the Arabian Peninsula including the
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFC29FB9CAECAFBCB" box="[974,1019,1079,1104]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">KSA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFBD9FB9CA9B2FBCB" box="[1086,1155,1079,1104]" name="Oman" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFF41FBF1AC47FBE8" author="Collingwood CA" box="[166,374,1114,1139]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="230 - 302" refId="ref19269" refString="Collingwood CA. 1985. Hymenoptera: fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna Saudi Arabia. 7: 230 - 302. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 26692." type="journal article" year="1985">Collingwood 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFE63FBF1AF78FBE8" author="Sharaf MR & Salman S & Aldawood AS" box="[388,585,1114,1139]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref24535" refString="Sharaf MR, Salman S, Aldawood AS. 2023. Additions to the ant fauna of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with an updated list of the Saudi species. Ann Zool. 73: 195 - 214. doi: 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2023.73.2.005." type="journal article" year="2023">
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||
Sharaf
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||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFE34FBF1AF35FBE8" box="[467,516,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFDB8FBF1AFACFBE8" box="[607,669,1114,1139]" name="Qatar" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Qatar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFD4CFBF1AEB3FBE8" author="Sharaf MR & Aldawood AS & Mohamed AA & Hita Garcia F" box="[683,898,1114,1139]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="127 - 152" refId="ref23777" refString="Sharaf MR, Aldawood AS, Mohamed AA, Hita Garcia F. 2020 b. The genus Lepisiota Santschi, 1926 of the Arabian Peninsula with the description of a new species, Lepisiota elbazi sp. nov. from Oman, an updated species identification key, and assessment of zoogeographic affinities. J Hym Res. 76: 127 - 152. doi: 10.3897 / jhr. 76.50193." type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Sharaf
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||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFD1BFBF1AE1CFBE8" box="[764,813,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFC70FBF1AED5FBE8" box="[919,996,1114,1139]" name="Kuwait" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFC14FBF1AC66FB0D" author="Collingwood CA & Agosti D" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref19301" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFE8CFBD6AC88FB0D" box="[363,441,1149,1174]" name="Yemen" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFE20FBD6AE27FB0D" author="Collingwood CA & Agosti D" box="[455,790,1149,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref19301" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFCC5FBD6AED2FB0D" author="Sharaf MR & Fisher BL & Collingwood CA & Aldawood AS" box="[802,995,1149,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="317 - 378" refId="ref24270" refString="Sharaf MR, Fisher BL, Collingwood CA, Aldawood AS. 2017. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. J Nat Hist. 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sharaf
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFC88FBD6AEAEFB0D" box="[879,927,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFBB3FBD6A9B2FB0D" box="[1108,1155,1149,1174]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFF41FB34AC83FB23" author="Collingwood CA & Tigar BJ & Agosti D" box="[166,434,1183,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="505 - 512" refId="ref19422" refString="Collingwood CA, Tigar BJ, Agosti D. 1997. Introduced ants in the United Arab Emirates. J Arid Environ. 37 (3): 505 - 512. doi: 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0309." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Collingwood
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFED9FB34AC5CFB23" box="[318,365,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FF9DFFA4FF47FB4FAE3CFF76" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1713" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFF9DFFA4FF47FB4FAE3CFF76" blockId="6.[160,1156,1252,1728]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1155,142,237]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1713" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFF47FB4FAC93FB65" bold="true" box="[160,418,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Ecology and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has diverse nesting habits. It is common to find workers in leaf litter samples (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFDE6FAACAF97FABB" author="Wetterer JK" box="[513,678,1287,1312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="23 - 33" refId="ref25319" refString="Wetterer JK. 2009. Worldwide spread of the ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News. 12: 23 - 33." type="journal article" year="2009">Wetterer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFD50FAACAEB3FABB" author="Sharaf MR & Fisher BL & Collingwood CA & Aldawood AS" box="[695,898,1287,1312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="317 - 378" refId="ref24270" refString="Sharaf MR, Fisher BL, Collingwood CA, Aldawood AS. 2017. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. J Nat Hist. 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sharaf
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFCEFFAACAE0AFABB" box="[776,827,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in dry microhabitats near buildings, under bark, in dry sticks, in rotten wood, in plant cavities and detritus, in decaying organic matter, in dead mangrove branches, under debris or rocks, and at the bases of dead palm fronds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFE37FAC4AF4EFA13" author="Klotz J & Hansen L & Pospischil R & Rust M" box="[464,639,1391,1416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" refId="ref21230" refString="Klotz J, Hansen L, Pospischil R, Rust M. 2008. Urban ants of North America and Europe: identification, biology, and management. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca (New York): Cornell University Press; p. 196." type="journal volume" year="2008">
|
||
Klotz
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFDE8FAC4AF0CFA13" box="[527,573,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFD6DFAC4AE28FA13" author="Deyrup MA" box="[650,793,1391,1416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" refId="ref19730" refString="Deyrup MA. 2017. Ants of Florida: identification and natural history. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; p. 423. doi: 10.1201 / 9781315368023." type="journal volume" year="2017">Deyrup 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFC96FAC4AEF7FA13" box="[881,966,1391,1416]" name="Yemen" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||
Archipelago, the species prefers to nest in mountainous wild territories where a diversity of vegetation exists, and the soil has a considerable amount of humidity and decayed animal faeces. It was also observed under the bark of a recently cut dragon blood tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFF9DFFAAFC49FA7CADD5F988" authority="Balf. f." authorityName="Balf. f." class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinnabari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFC49FA7CA9B2FA6B" box="[942,1155,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Dracaena cinnabari</emphasis>
|
||
Balf. f.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFF9DFFAAFF16FA51ACA0F988" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[241,401,1530,1555]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and associated with curculionid beetles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFC8EFA51A91CF988" author="Sharaf MR & Fisher BL & Collingwood CA & Aldawood AS" box="[873,1069,1530,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="317 - 378" refId="ref24270" refString="Sharaf MR, Fisher BL, Collingwood CA, Aldawood AS. 2017. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. J Nat Hist. 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sharaf
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFC5EFA51AED8F988" box="[953,1001,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF9DFFAAFF47F9B6ADFEF9AD" box="[160,207,1565,1590]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">KSA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species was collected from a wild valley in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B482CFFF9DFFAAFCDAF9B6AED6F9AD" box="[829,999,1565,1590]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Jizan" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">Jazan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Sharaf
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFBADF9B6A94FF9AD" box="[1098,1150,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. unpublished data). The feeding habits include honeydew of hemipterans, extrafloral nectaries, and sugary foodstuff (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFDF2F9C9AFA8F9E0" author="Smith MR" box="[533,665,1634,1659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref24807" refString="Smith MR. 1965. House-infesting ants of the eastern United States: their recognition, biology, and economic importance. U S Dep Agr Tech Bull. 1326: 1 - 105. doi: 10.22004 / ag. econ. 171244." type="journal article" year="1965">Smith 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFD4EF9C9AEBCF9E0" author="Osborne LS & Pena JE & Oi DH" box="[681,909,1634,1659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="565 - 570" refId="ref22413" refString="Osborne LS, Pena JE, Oi DH. 1995. Predation by Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on two spotted spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Florida Greenhouses. Florida Entomol. 78: 565 - 570. doi: 10.2307 / 3496041." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Osborne
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFCF4F9C9AE77F9E0" box="[787,838,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species can be a potential predator of the two-spotted spider mite, small larvae of beetles and moths, eggs of some hemipteran species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFDFAF90CAFC5F95B" author="Osborne LS & Pena JE & Oi DH" box="[541,756,1703,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="565 - 570" refId="ref22413" refString="Osborne LS, Pena JE, Oi DH. 1995. Predation by Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on two spotted spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Florida Greenhouses. Florida Entomol. 78: 565 - 570. doi: 10.2307 / 3496041." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Osborne
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF9DFFAAFD63F90CAF83F95B" box="[644,690,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eggs of housefly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF9DFFAAFC20F90CA977F95B" author="Smith MR" box="[967,1094,1703,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1711" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref24807" refString="Smith MR. 1965. House-infesting ants of the eastern United States: their recognition, biology, and economic importance. U S Dep Agr Tech Bull. 1326: 1 - 105. doi: 10.22004 / ag. econ. 171244." type="journal article" year="1965">Smith 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and beneficial insects applied for biological control in greenhouses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF93FFA4FC61FF25A972FF3C" author="Klotz J & Hansen L & Pospischil R & Rust M" box="[902,1091,142,167]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1713" refId="ref21230" refString="Klotz J, Hansen L, Pospischil R, Rust M. 2008. Urban ants of North America and Europe: identification, biology, and management. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca (New York): Cornell University Press; p. 196." type="journal volume" year="2008">
|
||
Klotz
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF93FFA4FC2EFF25AECDFF3C" box="[969,1020,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1713">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species also acts as a mechanical vector of pathogenic bacteria in many hospitals in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFF93FFA4FBA0FF1AA9B2FF51" box="[1095,1155,177,202]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="1713">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF93FFA4FF41FF7FAF2BFF76" author="Ulloa-Chacon P & Jaramillo GI" box="[166,538,212,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1713" pagination="856 - 862" refId="ref25177" refString="Ulloa-Chacon P, Jaramillo GI. 2003. Effects of boric acid, fipronil, hydramethylnon, and diflubenzuron baits on colonies of ghost ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J Econ Entomol. 96 (3): 856 - 862. doi: 10.1093 / jee / 96.3.856." type="journal article" year="2003">Ulloa-Chacón and Jaramillo 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFF93FFA4FDC1FF7FAE30FF76" author="Zarzuela MF & Campos-Farinha AEC & Pecanha MP" box="[550,769,212,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1713" pagination="9 - 14" refId="ref25709" refString="Zarzuela MF, Campos-Farinha AEC, Pecanha MP. 2005. Evaluation of urban ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as carriers of pathogens in residential and industrial environments: i. Bacteria Sociobio. 45: 9 - 14." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Zarzuela
|
||
<emphasis id="B904903FFF93FFA4FD6AFF7FAF8CFF76" box="[653,701,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1713">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |