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<mods:title id="4FB97321798335D956A995E4A417505F">A cybertaxonomic revision of the micro-landsnail genus Plectostoma Adam (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae), from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Indochina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47DFFF119D1597905B847DC5F2159203">Liew, Thor-Seng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCF6D53F6288B2DF145ADA52A51AAF4A">Vermeulen, Jaap Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C823E97AFD626BD74C19208BD76A2E9C">Marzuki, Mohammad Effendi bin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EBA1B734333BF9929E82E791F416DD0">Schilthuizen, Menno</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F91AD6E4755B9C83932314E8DB6B01DB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F91AD6E4755B9C83932314E8DB6B01DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F91AD6E4755B9C83932314E8DB6B01DB" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="3A6DB8F5A03454081106E1F7AAA0A901" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="442CA6EFFD1C54EAE0A7D50A8518F459" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="505998669EA3E1C6837E31C8E091CF59" ID-CoL="7SRC4" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Plectostoma_palinhelix" authority="van Benthem Jutting, 1952" authorityName="van Benthem Jutting" authorityYear="1952" class="Gastropoda" family="Diplommatinidae" genus="Plectostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectostoma palinhelix" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palinhelix">Plectostoma palinhelix (van Benthem Jutting, 1952)</taxonomicName>
Figures 17C, 32, Appendix 12
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0251B8CB02813357405FE2B7A50D727E" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D10CEFBC2CD7CFF9C2A300FF4DDB18E2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="F62FF4D7156B1566F71E087BB3A9C34C" class="Gastropoda" family="Diplommatinidae" genus="Opisthostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthostoma palinhelix" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palinhelix">Opisthostoma palinhelix</taxonomicName>
van Benthem Jutting, 1952: 40, figure 20 (original description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BD80FEAA2B11A28B79ABE4DDE67DF3D" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
<paragraph id="E524AA85930D144798F0D4AF840FF9A0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="591872BF6FAA71887020B386DF5DCF77" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Holotype: ZMA 136030(1) (Seen). Paratype: ZMA 136031(&gt;10) (Seen).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF35F8CA284AC3C69BABC23CD9F52119" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="other examined materials">
<paragraph id="E2C624677D05AE55861330004EFC1507" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Other examined materials.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1E01F209AFF41891699774B6B2C3755" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BOR 466(1), BOR 5520(5), V 5104(5).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AD17906191147141052A19C36F5462A2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FCE54860816F938E467F516A5A4F1FAF" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51C7B6DAB5221470057AB4253F724879" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Shares with
<taxonomicName id="340DCAA2F6A9CBA1DEA8069A4E6AFBF9" class="Gastropoda" family="Diplommatinidae" genus="Plectostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectostoma retrovertens" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrovertens">Plectostoma retrovertens</taxonomicName>
the spire and tuba form, but differs by having spire height between 1.6-1.9 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28601707D862A1775305BB5ED18B2F6C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="3DF95C0ECBF96FDAA6EEDB75A7A16A35" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB8BCE7D2FCF4C4EA243552AFE22794D" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Apex. Shape: slightly convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFE8BCBDB74AA811E6C6EE3D50E22750" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Spire. Height: 1.6-1.9 mm. Width: 1.1-1.3 mm. Number of whorls: 3 3/4-4 1/4. Apical spire shape: depressed conical. Basal spire shape: ovoid. Whorl periphery: moderately to distinctly convex. Umbilicus: partially or completely closed by tuba.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B516D8ED31FF34ED1A8565DF4344614" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Constriction. Parietal teeth: two. Basal teeth: none.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6825590FE94B0601D4A16FEAE8696DA" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Tuba. Coiling direction: type 2 and aperture visible between right lateral and back view; the tuba coils upward until the first teleconch whorl of the spire. Tuba whorl length similar to that of the last whorl of the spire. Proportion of tuba that attaches to spire: whole.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C6C00A116AB242EB8335D8026655E17" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Aperture and peristome. Peristome: double peristomes. Outer peristome shape: similer to inner peristome, projected all around, except the posterior part, where the two lateral sides are slightly more projected than the anterior side.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BA54C0B20491097863FDCA52A02AFC3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Spiral lines. Thick lines: present. Thin lines: present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D48ECE8C225325F600F642681523C14C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Radial ribs. Rib density: 7-8 ribs per mm. Rib intensity: thin. Shape: straight. Inclination: orthoclin.</paragraph>
<caption id="292A8B2DF8B818B7EC25FF19DA8CCE12" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="63AB4BF0457187FF939F5AD675D85B7C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figures 32.
<taxonomicName id="08B2414FE47C226E473C1656CACAE9A0" class="Gastropoda" family="Diplommatinidae" genus="Plectostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectostoma palinhelix" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palinhelix">Plectostoma palinhelix</taxonomicName>
(van Benthem Jutting, 1952) BOR 5520. A frontal view B left lateral view C back view D right lateral view E top view F bottom view G parietal part of constriction inner whorl H basal part of constriction inner whorl. Scale bar = 1 mm (for
<normalizedToken id="0CA3A77836A6FE6F63920D3654BE91C8" originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3A44C39287BDB5EB0A041409370E5D7F" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A07152F75FE51790A991C6885B76B1D4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0CB033B1F739109EB2AA615FE19DBB78" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Type locality. Bukit Serdam, Pahang (
<geoCoordinate id="63A1413B9D1038B10F420D65DBFB915F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="3.8297222">3°49'47&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CF495A9C84DDEC44A1BD77ACE7625EE0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="101.92667">101°55'36&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E366E067331B0C38A0537FEAD6D1500B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution range. To date, this species has been recorded from three limestone hills, namely Bukit Serdam, Gua Kechil and a small hill nearby (Figure 18C).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17EC0E05BCE945FAF05F0B01AA7884DE" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="18491B00B3B6D31246868F0EEB97249C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C017F17A666A3F1FC471F75E6B403C8" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Vulnerable (B2ab(iii) ver. 10.1). There are four limestone hills in this area, of which Bukit Serdam and its next unnamed hill support populations (assessment done in 2010 and 2011). Two of the hills, namely, Bukit Serdam
<pageBreakToken id="C0EFBE504F64EDB423177E18E0A85E83" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
Gunung Panas, are now being quarried. The smallest unnamed hill is highly degraded and Gua Kechil is surrounded by oil palm plantation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="958C73BBD91E26A3515E486A4F7C91F4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="05ECE0137C736FD2F4B4CED837AE514E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E9930DE1ED8C7DE44D37FB2F6636A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
See discussion under
<taxonomicName id="E7203746D00B2A44FE6FAD3FE57435F1" class="Gastropoda" family="Diplommatinidae" genus="Plectostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectostoma retrovertens" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrovertens">Plectostoma retrovertens</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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