treatments-xml/data/A1/E9/4A/A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c489096b-11b5-48b9-bd0b-b08af903a201" ID-PMC="PMC6821834" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-134-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" ID-PubMed="31686954" ModsDocID="1314-2003-134-1" checkinTime="1571900138529" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Aguilar, Reinaldo &amp; Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2019" docId="A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 134: 1-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 134" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" docTitle="Virola montana Santamaría-Aguilar &amp; Aguilar &amp; Lagomarsino 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139543812" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aguilar, Reinaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>134</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159834609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
10. 
<taxonomicName LSID="A1E94AB7-4FA5-5164-BE92-C204B2AF880E" authority="D. Santam." authorityName="Santamaría-Aguilar &amp; Aguilar &amp; Lagomarsino" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana" status="sp. nov.">Virola montana D.Santam.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Virola montana A branch with leaves and inflorescences B fruit C flowers. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on G. Herrera et al. 514 (A-C), and R. Lent 3899 (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure21">Figs 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Virola montana A juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jimenez (A-D); B. Hammel (E-H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22">
, 22 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Species most similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by the mostly caducous (vs. persistent) trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface that have 3-10 branches and are 0.2-0.6 mm long (vs. 3-6 branches 0.05-0.1 mm long), staminate flowers with a shorter filament column (0.6-0.9 mm vs. 1-1.2 mm long) and fruits with a thicker pericarp (3.2-5 mm vs. 0.4-1 [-2.5] mm thick).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Costa Rica. Cartago: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
, Taus de Pejibaye, 900 m elev., 06 Apr 1994 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lépiz">Lepiz</normalizedToken>
&amp; J. F. Morales 284
</emphasis>
(holotype: CR! [201663]; isotypes: CR! [CR1578073], LSU! [0193696, LSU00199100], MO! [5551138, MO280083], USJ! [75968]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
6-35 m 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(4-) 10-50 cm DBH; bark not described. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exudate</emphasis>
described on one occasion as orange in bark, branches and fruits. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Twigs</emphasis>
0.13-0.4 cm thick, angulate to lightly compressed, densely tomentose to puberulent, trichomes dendritic, yellowish, brownish to ferruginous. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petiole 0.5-1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.16-0.3 cm, canaliculate, densely to sparsely pubescent, the trichomes dendritic to irregularly stellate; leaf blades (11.2-) 15-30.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3.9-) 4.5-7.4 cm, oblong-elliptic; adaxial surface on mature leaf blades dark brown when dry, reddish-brown or greyish-blackish, glabrous or with trichomes very sparse and scattered, the surface smooth; abaxial surface pale brown, dark brown or whitish-greyish when dry, sparsely pubescent, but usually densely to sparsely pubescent along the lateral veins and midvein (in new leaves, blades with a dense layer of trichomes that fall readily when touched, covering the entire surface), trichomes dendritic or rarely irregularly stellate, sessile, yellowish to pale brown, with 3-10 branches 0.2-0.6 mm long, caducous; lateral veins (15-) 18-30 per side, (4-) 6-9 veins per 5 cm, 0.5-0.9 (-1.5) cm apart, the same colour as the adaxial surface or sometimes lighter, flat or very slightly sunken on adaxial surface, raised on abaxial surface, straight to slightly arcuate (especially towards the distal part), slightly anastomosing near the margin and without forming a very marked intramarginal vein; tertiary veins usually visible on both surfaces; midvein adaxially flat to slightly canaliculate, glabrous or with scattered trichomes, sometimes densely pubescent at the base, abaxially raised, rounded, densely tomentose (with trichomes that fall very easily to the touch) to glabrescent; base acute to rounded, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex acute to acuminate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
3-9 cm long, axillary either at the junction with a leaf or at leafless nodes, axes slightly flattened to irregularly angled, densely tomentose, with trichomes dendritic, brown to yellowish-brown; peduncle 1.7-3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.05-0.12 cm; bracts 3-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.9-4 cm, pubescent on both sides, caducous; terminal fascicles dense, with 7-20 + flowers. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
with the pedicel 1.7-3.4 mm long; receptacle 1.5-3 mm wide;; perianth (1.6-) 2-2.7 mm, subglobose, yellow, greenish-white or brown, possibly by the indumentum), connate by (0.2-) 0.5-0.8 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent, with brown to ferruginous trichomes, adaxial surface glabrous at the base, sparsely pubescent on the lobes; lobes 3, 1.5-2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.4 (-1.8) mm; stamens 3 (-6), the filament column 0.6-0.9 mm long, straight or sometimes slightly thickened at the base and somewhat narrow at the apex, thin, not constricted at the apex; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm long; apiculus ca. 0.07-0.1 mm, inconspicuously apiculate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
3.5 cm long, at leafless nodes, with trichomes on the axes similar to those of the staminate inflorescences; peduncle 1.8-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2 cm; bracts not seen; terminal fascicles of 5-6 flowers. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
with the pedicel 3.5-4 mm long; perianth 3.5-4.6 mm long, globose to subglobose, pale brown when fresh (possibly by the indument), connate by 1-1.5 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent, with brown trichomes, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent; lobes 3, 2.5-3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.2 mm; gynoecium 2-2.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-1.6 mm, densely pubescent, subglobose, stipitate; stigmatic lobes ca. 0.3 mm, erect. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Infructescence</emphasis>
3-6.2 cm long, with 1 (-2) fruits, peduncle 2-3.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.19-0.3 cm. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
(2.8-) 3-3.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 cm, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile, densely tomentose to tomentulose, the trichomes dendritic to irregularly stellate, pale brown to ferruginous, the surface commonly rugulose or smooth when dry, the line of dehiscence carinate, the base obtuse, the apex acute, orange, golden or yellowish-brown when fresh; pericarp 3.2-5 mm thick; pedicel 0.7-1 cm long; seed 2.2-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 1.5 cm, the testa dark brown, almost smooth; aril usually described as red when fresh, yellowish- or reddish-brown when dry, coriaceous, oily in texture, thick, laciniate in narrow bands distally.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
branch with leaves and inflorescences 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flowers. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Herrera et al. 514</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
), and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Lent 3899</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognised by twigs, new leaf undersurfaces, petioles and inflorescences covered in indument of dendritic to irregularly stellate, caducous trichomes, with long branches; on the underside of the leaf, this indument is mainly found on the midvein and the lateral veins (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers &amp; H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
). Additional traits that distinguish this species include leaf blades with numerous lateral veins [(15-) 18-30 per side; 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Virola montana A juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jimenez (A-D); B. Hammel (E-H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22">Fig. 22C, D</figureCitation>
]), the length of the filament column (0.6-0.9 mm long), nearly the same size as the anthers (0.5-0.8 mm long), fruits with thick pericarp that are densely tomentose (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry &amp; S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley &amp; K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori &amp; J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer &amp; M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
) and carinate in the line of dehiscence (3.2-5 mm), as well as its montane habitat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific epithet refers to the montane habitat where the species has been collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from Costa Rica and Panama, where it has been collected on the Caribbean slope in the provinces of Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
in Costa Rica and Bocas del Toro in Panama; it has only been collected on the Pacific slope in Puntarenas (Costa Rica) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of Virola koschnyi (A), V. laevigata (B), V. megacarpa (C), V. montana (D), V. multiflora (E) and V. nobilis (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure18">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). It has been recorded between 700-2000 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of Least Concern following IUCN guidelines. It has both a large EOO (14,606 km2) and AOO (104 km2) and is known from nineteen localities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica: fruta dorada.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Flowering of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in January, March to May, November and December; only two herbarium specimens with pistillate flowers were seen. Fruits have been collected in March and June to December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Field characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf blades are lustrous, dark green above and whitish or silver below. Flowers have yellow, cream, greenish-white or brown perianth. Mature fruits are yellow, pale brown, brown yellow or orange. The seed is brown with a red aril.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
As far as we know, the first specimen of this species was collected 115 years ago by Henri F. Pittier (1857-1950) in the mountains of El Rosario de Orosi, Cartago, Costa Rica (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Pittier 16628</emphasis>
, NY-2 sheets!*). Paul C. Standley treated this specimen as 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in &quot;Flora of Costa Rica&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Standley, PC" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="399 - 780" refId="B98" refString="Standley, PC, 1937. Flora of Costa Rica. Part II. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 18 (2): 399 - 780" title="Flora of Costa Rica. Part II." volume="18" year="1937">Standley 1937</bibRefCitation>
). Shortly after, Albert C. Smith and Roger P. Wodehouse (1938) included the Pittier specimen under 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this remains the name that is most frequently misattributed to specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation author="Standley, PC" editor="Standley, PC" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: Botany 24 (4)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="294 - 299" refId="B99" refString="Standley, PC, Steyermark, JA, 1946. Myristicaceae. In: Standley, PC, Steyermark, JA, Eds., Flora of Guatemala - Part IV. Fieldiana: Botany 24(4): 294 - 299" title="Myristicaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Guatemala - Part IV." year="1946">Standley and Steyermark 1946</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Jimenez, Q" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="684 - 691" refId="B46" refString="Jimenez, Q, 2007. Myristicaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 684 - 691" title="Myristicaceae." volume="111" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI." year="2007">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as interpreted here, is restricted to northern Mesoamerica (Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras). In addition to the differences given in the diagnosis, the 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished morphologically from 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the differences summarised in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological differences between Virola montana and V. guatemalensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF">6</tableCitation>
. Although it is difficult to quantify, specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
commonly have twigs, petioles and inflorescences covered with more trichomes with long branches (see 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers &amp; H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3F, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 6.</emphasis>
Morphological differences between 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf blades size</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
(11.2-) 15-30.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3.9-) 4.5-7.4 cm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
12.3-17.5 (-24.1) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.4-) 3.8-5.5 (-8.9) cm
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Indument and trichomes on abaxial surface</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Sparsely pubescent, but usually densely to sparsely pubescent primarily along the lateral veins and midvein; trichomes with 3-10 branches, the branches 0.2-0.6 mm long, caducous (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers &amp; H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Puberulent, trichomes over the entire surface; trichomes with 3-6 branches, the branches 0.05-0.1 mm long, persistent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers &amp; H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lateral veins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
(15-) 18-30 per side, on abaxial side raised (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa &amp; R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller &amp; J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora &amp; T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz &amp; J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Figs 8J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Virola montana A juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jimenez (A-D); B. Hammel (E-H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22">22D</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
13-21 per side, on abaxial side slightly raised or flat (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa &amp; R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller &amp; J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora &amp; T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz &amp; J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Figs 8F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Virola calophylla A branch with leaves, showing both sides B branch with inflorescences. Virola elongata C leafy branch with inflorescences, inset fruit D inflorescences. Virola guatemalensis E, F leaf blades showing adaxial (E) and abaxial (F) surface. G young twigs and petioles. Photos by Robin Foster (A, B), from https: // plantidtools. fieldmuseum. org / en / nlp; Steven Paton (C, D), Rolando Perez (C inset), from https: // stricollections. org / portal / index. php and Angela Rojas (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349092" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10">10F</figureCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Filament column</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.9 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1-1.2 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness and presence of a carina</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-5 mm thick, carinate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4-1 (-2.5) mm thick, smooth or slightly carinate</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In addition to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, herbarium specimens of this new species have been determined as three other species: 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. sebifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sebifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. sebifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. surinamensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(here treated as 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Vegetatively, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from these species by its mature leaves that are abaxially sparsely pubescent (vs. covering the entire surface of the leaf blades abaxially). The first two species are distinguished by pediculate trichomes on abaxial surface of leaf blades (vs. sessile in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these primarily present in young leaves). Finally, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has trichomes with short branches [0.05-0.1 mm (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers &amp; H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
) vs. 0.2-0.6 mm long (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers &amp; H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
)], tends to have more lateral veins [25-34 vs. (15-) 18-30 per side] and has a preference for lower elevation habitats [0-500 (-1300) m vs. 700-2000 m elevation].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on the number of herbarium specimens collected, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most common montane species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern Mesoamerica and it is usually the only species where it occurs. However, three fruiting specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., represented by 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar et al. 4327</emphasis>
(CR!, MO!), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 8723</emphasis>
(MO!) and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 10514</emphasis>
(MO!), have been collected in the general vicinity of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its preferred elevational range (1050-1500 m). These specimens clearly differ from 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their small leaf blades [10.5-12.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-3.5 cm vs. (11.2-) 15-30.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3.9-) 4.5-7.4 cm] with trichomes on the abaxial surface that have short branches (0.08-0.1 mm vs. 0.2-0.6 mm long) and cover the entire surface (vs. sparsely pubescent, but usually densely to sparsely pubescent along the lateral veins and midvein in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). These specimens share characteristics with two lowland species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including sessile, stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface of leaves. Additionally, these three specimens share their small leaves with 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though not 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(9-17.2 [-27.5] 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-5 [
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.7–">-4.7-</normalizedToken>
7.1] cm vs. 10.5-12.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-3.5 cm). Further, the fruits of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller (1.5-2.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-1.8 cm vs. 2.8-3.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.2-2.7 cm). Additional collection and study is necessary to determine the identity of these specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
juvenile tree showing branching pattern 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
leaf blades on adaxial side 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
leaf blades on abaxial side 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
venation. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola multiflora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola multiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
lateral view of a perianth 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
); B. Hammel (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
), Indiana Coronado (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
, inset).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica. Alajuela</emphasis>
: Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Monteverde, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
Blancas, parcela de Badilla, 800 m elev., 23 Oct 1988 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 470</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!, INPA!*, LSU!, MO!); Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Monteverde, Parcela de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jesús">Jesus</normalizedToken>
Rojas, 850-900 m elev., 05 May 1989 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 855</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!, INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!); Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Monteverde, Ref. Aleman, 900 m elev., 10 Nov 1993 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 5404</emphasis>
(CR!, LSU!, MO!); Reserva Forestal de San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 850-1150 m elev., 12-14 Mar 1987 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Burger et al. 12152</emphasis>
(CR!, F!*); San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Alberto Brenes, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
San Lorencito, 900 m elev., 03 May 2000 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Caballero 2</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!, MO!); Reserva Forestal de San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 900-1200 m elev., 12-15 Mar 1987 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
11446
</emphasis>
(CR!, USJ!); Reserva Forestal de San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 900-1200 m elev., 16-19 Apr 1987 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
11484
</emphasis>
(CR!, F-2 sheets!*); Reserva Forestal de San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorencito, 850-900 m elev., 18 Oct 1989 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
et al. 11846
</emphasis>
(CR!, MEXU!*, MO!, USJ!); La Balsa, 1100 m elev., 02 Jul 1990 (st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
&amp; J. A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
11970
</emphasis>
(USJ!); Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Monteverde, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
Blancas, 850 m elev., 31 Mar 1987 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Haber &amp; E. Bello 6978</emphasis>
(CR!, F!*, INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!); Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Monteverde, finca Wilson Salazar, 800 m elev., 07 Nov 1987 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz 7698</emphasis>
(CR!, INPA!*, MO!, USJ!); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorenzito, 800-1000 m elev., 30 Mar 1987 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Herrera et al. 514</emphasis>
(CR!, INPA!*, LSU!, MO!); La Fortuna, Finca El Jilguero, 1160 m elev., 20 Nov 1992 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Herrera 5544</emphasis>
(CR!); 2 km N.E of La Balsa de San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 900 m elev., 26 Sep 1976 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Lent 3899</emphasis>
(CR-3 sheets!, INPA!*, MARY!*, MEXU!*, MO!, PMA!*, U!*); Reserva Forestal San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorenzo, sendero al 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Muerto, 1100 m elev., 26 Apr 1993 (♀ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Quesada 20</emphasis>
(CR!, LSU!, MO!); Lago Coter [Cote], Hotel Eco-Lodge, 700 m elev., 09 Apr 1997 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Rivera &amp; B. Petruzzi 2933</emphasis>
(CR!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cartago</emphasis>
: Taus, faldas del Cerro Alto El Humo, 900-1200 m elev., 06 Apr 1994 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. F. Morales &amp; E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lépiz">Lepiz</normalizedToken>
2654
</emphasis>
(CR!, MO!); El Rosario de Orosi, no date, Jan 1903 (fr), 1120 m elev., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Pittier 16628</emphasis>
(NY-2 sheets!*); Turrialba, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, Santa Teresita, sobre los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ríos">rios</normalizedToken>
Guayabo, Lajas y Torito, 700-1800 m elev., 08 May 1992 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Rivera 1659</emphasis>
(CR!, MO!, USJ!); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="límite">limite</normalizedToken>
Sur del Monumento Nacional Guayabo, sector Las Ventanas, 1100 m elev., 07 Jul 1992 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Rivera 1910</emphasis>
(CR!, F!*, MO!, USJ!); [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
] 5 km N.W of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande de Orosi at Tapanti, 1300 m elev., 27 May 1976 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Utley &amp; K. Utley 5054</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!, MEXU-2 sheets!*, MO-2 sheets!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guanacaste</emphasis>
: San Gerardo, 1000 m elev., 21 Nov 1998 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 553</emphasis>
(CR!, INPA!*, MO!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heredia</emphasis>
: Sarapiqui, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, puesto El Ceibo, 750 m elev., 05 Mar 1994 (st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Boyle et al. 2938</emphasis>
(MO!); Cariblanco, 800 m elev., n.d. Mar 1950 (fl bud), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
2368
</emphasis>
(USJ!); Cariblanco, 800 m elev., 10 Aug 1950 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">LRH</emphasis>
[
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. R. Holdridge</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2618</emphasis>
(USJ!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Talamanca, Bratsi, Alto Lari, Kivut, 1300-1500 m elev., 15 Mar 1992 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar &amp; H. Schmidt 1131</emphasis>
(CR!, MO!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puntarenas</emphasis>
: Coto Brus, Zona Protectora Las Tablas, sitios Las Juntas, 1500 m elev., 03 Jul 1999 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Alfaro 2357</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!, MO!); [Coto Brus], Las Tablas, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Cotoncito, [1300-1500 m elev.], 10 Dec 1983 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
I. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chacón">Chacon</normalizedToken>
et al. 1819
</emphasis>
(INPA!*, LSU-2 sheets!, MO!); Parque Internacional La Amistad, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Pittier, 1650 m elev., 28 Jan 1995 (♀ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M. Chinchilla &amp; IV curso de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="paratoxónomos">paratoxonomos</normalizedToken>
3
</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!, LSU!, MO!); Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 2000 m elev., 01 Sep 1992 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
354
</emphasis>
(CR!); Fila Tigre, SE of Las Alturas, 1350-1450 m elev., 29 Aug 1983 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Davidse 24178</emphasis>
(CR!, INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!); Parque Internacional La Amistad, Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
de Pittier, 1700 m elev., 13 Jun 1995 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
823
</emphasis>
(CR-2 sheets!); Coto Brus, Zona Protectora Las Tablas, Hacienda La Amistad, 1600-2000 m elev., 28 Dec 2003 (♂ fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Kriebel et al. 4174</emphasis>
(CR-2!, MO!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Panama. Bocas del Toro</emphasis>
: Bocas del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toro-Chiriquí">Toro-Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
border above Fortuna Dam, 1200 m elev., 04 Dec 1985 (imm fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 7756</emphasis>
(INPA!*, MO!, PMA!*).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>