269 lines
31 KiB
XML
269 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="CBCA9928F331FE59AE964F331505FE3A" ID-CLB-Dataset="32582" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4300.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cbc2b44-58df-4cde-8f6a-85b5aa26d1a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="837139" ID-ZooBank="9D3A56A6-CFB1-4F72-873A-3DA1AC84872B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501582362840" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gharali, Babak & Evenhuis, Neal" docDate="2017" docId="A11E39747442BF52CBA3F9EDFC2BFE72" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4300.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4300 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phthiria fulva Meigen 1804" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="5D27410C7448BF5CCB34FC55FFB1FFA2" masterDocTitle="Phthiria vaganoides sp. nov. (Bombyliidae, Phthiriinae, Phthiriini) from Northern Iran with the first record of Phthiria fulva Meigen, 1804 reared from a lepidopteran and description of the pupa" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698466105332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="65D6129FB3A35E24EFE41BD38084B5E9">Phthiria vaganoides sp. nov. (Bombyliidae, Phthiriinae, Phthiriini) from Northern Iran with the first record of Phthiria fulva Meigen, 1804 reared from a lepidopteran and description of the pupa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A4258357EBFA3BF3063EB41439DF255">Gharali, Babak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39CAD3DB738EA6BCC6A6852CD820A4B2">Evenhuis, Neal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C900C4A57C5DD4881CE468C3F79F68EE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="52EBED6580B0B90EB635333E5838F9B6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA159A697745ADA61D433B9EC4E761C8">4300</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A11E39747442BF52CBA3F9EDFC2BFE72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040678" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132618057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040678" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A11E39747442BF52CBA3F9EDFC2BFE72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A11E39747442BF52CBA3F9EDFC2BFE72" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="61ADDBE97442BF56CBA3F9EDFDD3FA70" box="[151,610,1463,1490]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="290888627442BF56CBA3F9EDFDD3FA70" blockId="10.[151,610,1463,1523]" box="[151,610,1463,1490]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="72403F0E7442BF56CBA3F9EDFDD3FA70" bold="true" box="[151,610,1463,1490]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707442BF56CBA3F9EDFDD3FA70" bold="true" box="[151,610,1463,1490]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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Pupa of
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17442BF56CBCBF9E2FDD3FA70" ID-CoL="4GXQL" authority="Meigen (1804)" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[255,610,1463,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707442BF56CBCBF9E2FE18FA73" bold="true" box="[255,425,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Phthiria fulva</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D26F5937442BF56CA84F9EDFDD3FA70" author="Meigen" box="[432,610,1464,1490]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1804) Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abt. I. Karl Reichard, Braunschweig, xxvii + 152 pp." type="book" year="1804">Meigen (1804)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61ADDBE97442BF56CBA3F98FFEA3FA51" box="[151,274,1498,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="290888627442BF56CBA3F98FFEA3FA51" blockId="10.[151,610,1463,1523]" box="[151,274,1498,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B18C94E77442BF56CBABF98FFF5FFA51" box="[159,238,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Phthiria fulva Meigen: a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. two last segments (lateral view); d. head (lateral view); e. last segments (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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, 7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61ADDBE97442BF56CBA3FA77FE4EF921" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="290888627442BF56CBA3FA77FE4EF921" blockId="10.[151,1437,1570,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707442BF56CBA3FA77FE39F999" bold="true" box="[151,392,1570,1595]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Material examined</emphasis>
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. Two pupal exuviae, from specimens reared from the pupa of
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17442BF56CFD0FA76FAD7F999" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[1252,1382,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" genus="Argyresthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707442BF56CFD0FA76FAD7F999" box="[1252,1382,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Argyresthia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17442BF56CBAAFA13FEE4F9FD" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[158,341,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Yponomeutidae</taxonomicName>
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), under the bark of
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17442BF56C979FA12FC0FF9FD" authority=", Hosseinabad" authorityName="Hosseinabad" box="[589,958,1606,1631]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707442BF56C979FA12FCABF9FC" box="[589,794,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Juniperus excelsa</emphasis>
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, Hosseinabad
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</taxonomicName>
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forest, N36 ̊33' E49 ̊17',
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<quantity id="EE4F25877442BF56CFCDFA12FAE5F9FC" box="[1273,1364,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.,
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<date id="5D09AEA27442BF56CBA3FA3FFEA8F921" box="[151,281,1642,1667]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" value="2007-12-19">19.xii.2007</date>
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, leg. Babak Gharali.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61ADDBE97442BF50CBF3FADBFA99F871" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="290888627442BF56CBF3FADBFCAFF969" blockId="10.[151,1437,1570,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707442BF56CBF3FADBFE2FF905" bold="true" box="[199,414,1678,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Description. Body</emphasis>
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length:
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<quantity id="EE4F25877442BF56CACFFADBFD8FF904" box="[507,574,1678,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, Head width:
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<quantity id="EE4F25877442BF56C9EFFADAFCAEF904" box="[731,799,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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, thorax width:
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||
<quantity id="EE4F25877442BF56C8FDFADAFB93F904" box="[969,1058,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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; abdomen width
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<quantity id="EE4F25877442BF56CFD7FADAFA8BF904" box="[1251,1338,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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tapering to
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<quantity id="EE4F25877442BF56CB80FAE7FEB8F968" box="[180,265,1714,1739]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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on anal segment. Coloration: yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="290888627442BF57CBF3FA83FDEFFEBF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1570,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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Head (ventral): anterior and posterior antennal processes (
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<figureCitation id="B18C94E77442BF56C856FA83FC02F94D" box="[866,947,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Phthiria fulva Meigen: a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. two last segments (lateral view); d. head (lateral view); e. last segments (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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a, d) united as a pyramid-shaped truncated tubercle, margins well sclerotized, blackish brown, apex heavily sclerotized, black, with two very short denticles; median facial spines substitute by two hairs; lateral facial spines as two small swellings; proboscis and maxillary sheaths smooth; anterior and posterior coxal sheaths smooth; proboscis sheath extending to about same length as leg sheaths. Wing sheath and thoracic area smooth (
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<figureCitation id="B18C94E77442BF56C9DBFB33FC84F8DD" box="[751,821,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Phthiria fulva Meigen: a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. two last segments (lateral view); d. head (lateral view); e. last segments (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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b). Abdominal tergite I (
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<figureCitation id="B18C94E77442BF56CF7BFB33FB25F8DD" box="[1103,1172,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Phthiria fulva Meigen: a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. two last segments (lateral view); d. head (lateral view); e. last segments (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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b) without spines, only with row of six long, yellowish setae on anterior margin; segments II to VII laterally with one pair of long setae, medially with a transverse row of black spines intercalated with long setae, each row with seven backwardly curved spines inserted in sclerotized plates; lateral spines smaller than median ones; tergite VIII (
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<figureCitation id="B18C94E77442BF56CFD4FB87FA92F849" box="[1248,1315,2002,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Phthiria fulva Meigen: a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. two last segments (lateral view); d. head (lateral view); e. last segments (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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e) laterally with three pairs of yellowish setae, dorsally with a row of four backwardly curved spines intercalated with long setae, without sclerotized plate at base of spines; tergite IX (
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<figureCitation id="B18C94E77443BF57C851FCE9FC1CFF77" box="[869,941,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,337,1934]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Phthiria fulva Meigen: a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. two last segments (lateral view); d. head (lateral view); e. last segments (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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c, 7c) with two pairs of processes, ventral posterolateral processes long, about 2.0 times longer than dorsal ones, curved, brownish, apically darkened; dorsal processes short, straight, darker apically.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7DC8D8EA7443BF57CBA3FBF6FDA0F87A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837151/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1934]" targetPageId="11">
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||
<paragraph id="290888627443BF57CBA3FBF6FDA0F87A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1955,2008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
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||
<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57CBA3FBF6FEBAF81B" bold="true" box="[151,267,1955,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
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. Pupa of
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17443BF57CA5AFBF6FDE2F81B" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[366,595,1955,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57CA5AFBF6FE4DF81B" box="[366,508,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Phthiria fulva</emphasis>
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Meigen
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57C969FBF6FDD8F81B" bold="true" box="[605,617,1955,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">a</emphasis>
|
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. lateral view;
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<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57C9C8FBF6FCBBF81B" bold="true" box="[764,778,1955,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">b</emphasis>
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. dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57C8AEFBF6FC14F81B" bold="true" box="[922,933,1955,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">c</emphasis>
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. two last segments (lateral view);
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<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57CE37FBF6FAA0F81B" bold="true" box="[1283,1297,1955,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">d</emphasis>
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. head (lateral view);
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<emphasis id="1BC354707443BF57CBEAFB97FF58F87A" bold="true" box="[222,233,1986,2008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">e</emphasis>
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. last segments (dorsal view).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="290888627444BF50CBA3FBE8FA99F871" blockId="12.[151,1320,1981,2003]" box="[151,1320,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50CBA3FBE8FEA3F871" bold="true" box="[151,274,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">FIGURE. 7</emphasis>
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. Pupa of
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17444BF50CA47FBE8FDE9F871" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[371,600,1981,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50CA47FBE8FDB1F871" box="[371,512,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">Phthiria fulva</emphasis>
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Meigen
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50C955FBE8FDDFF871" bold="true" box="[609,622,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">a</emphasis>
|
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. ventral view;
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50C832FBE8FCA5F871" bold="true" box="[774,788,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">b</emphasis>
|
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. lateral view;
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50C891FBE8FC01F871" bold="true" box="[933,944,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">c</emphasis>
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. segment IX;
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50CF0BFBE8FBFCF871" bold="true" box="[1087,1101,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">d</emphasis>
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. segment II;
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<emphasis id="1BC354707444BF50CFE7FBE8FB6FF871" bold="true" box="[1235,1246,1981,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">e</emphasis>
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. spine.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="61ADDBE97445BF52CBF3FCC2FC2BFE72" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="290888627445BF51CBF3FCC2FB68FEC7" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99DF823F7445BF51CBF3FCC2FB68FEC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189605" country="Iran" location="Hosseinabad Forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CBF3FCC2FE85FF12" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. As currently known, members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51C871FCCDFC12FF12" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[837,931,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51C871FCCDFC12FF12" box="[837,931,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Phthiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are external parasitoids of the lepidopteron families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CA30FCE9FE3BFF77" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[260,394,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CAECFCE9FC74FF76" authority="(Yeates & Greathead, 1997)" authorityName="Yeates & Greathead" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Yeates & Greathead" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[472,965,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Tortricidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D26F5937445BF51C959FCE9FC0CFF76" author="Yeates" box="[621,957,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" refString="Yeates, D. K. & Greathead, D. (1997) The evolutionary pattern of host use in the Bombyliidae (Diptera): a diverse family of parasitoid flies. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 60, 149 - 185." type="journal article" year="1997">Yeates & Greathead, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D26F5937445BF51C8E8FCE9FBCEFF77" author="Seguy" box="[988,1151,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" refString="Seguy, E. (1926) Faune de France. Fol. 13. Dipteres (brachyceres) (Stratiomyiidae, Erinnidae, Coenomylidae, Rhagionidae, Tabanidae, Codidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Bombyliidae, Therevidae, Omphralidae). Lechevalier, Paris, 308 pp." type="book" year="1926">Séguy (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specifically mentioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CBA3FCB5FE27FF5A" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,406,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Scrobipalpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psilella">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CBA3FCB5FE27FF5A" box="[151,406,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Scrobipalpula psilella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CAFFFCB5FDE8FF5A" box="[459,601,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psilella">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CAFFFCB5FDE8FF5A" box="[459,601,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Lita psilella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51C943FC8AFCB2FF5A" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[631,771,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
] as a host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51C88FFCB5FBE7FF5A" authorityName="Mikan" authorityYear="1796" baseAuthorityName="Mikan" baseAuthorityYear="1796" box="[955,1110,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51C88FFCB5FBE7FF5A" box="[955,1110,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Ph. pulicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rearing of parasitoids
|
||
<collectedFrom id="9AABCB9F7445BF51CEB4FCB5FEA8FEBE" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CBA3FD51FEA8FEBE" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,281,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" genus="Argyresthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CBA3FD51FEA8FEBE" box="[151,281,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Argyresthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
sp., a serious fruit pest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51C96CFD50FC92FEBE" box="[600,803,260,284]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51C96CFD50FC92FEBE" box="[600,803,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Juniperus excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 8b, c), showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CF62FD51FAD9FEBF" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1110,1384,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CF62FD51FB47FEBE" box="[1110,1270,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Phthiria fulva</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a useful parasitoid in the north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51A0C8F27445BF51C924FD7DFDF1FE9D" box="[528,576,296,319]" name="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
|
||
<location id="2C68DEB97445BF51C940FD72FCE2FE9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A11E39747442BF52CBA3F9EDFC2BFE72:2C68DEB97445BF51C940FD72FCE2FE9D" box="[628,851,295,320]" country="Iran" name="Hosseinabad Forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Hosseinabad Forest</location>
|
||
(Fig. 8a). This finding broadens the host range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CBA3FD19FF44FEC6" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,245,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CBA3FD19FF44FEC6" box="[151,245,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Phthiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CAF5FD19FDC5FEC7" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[449,628,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Yponomeutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose members are commonly known as fruit moths.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="290888627445BF51CBA3FB1AFE13F826" blockId="13.[151,1436,1871,1924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CBA3FB1AFEA2F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1871,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">FIGURE. 8</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CABBFB1AFDC7F8C7" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[399,630,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CABBFB1AFDAFF8C7" box="[399,542,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Phthiria fulva</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51C9B5FB1AFD3FF8C7" bold="true" box="[641,654,1871,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">a</emphasis>
|
||
. Hosseinabad forest;
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51C858FB1AFCCBF8C7" bold="true" box="[876,890,1871,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">b</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51C8BCFB05FB8FF8C7" box="[904,1086,1871,1893]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51C8BCFB05FB8FF8C7" box="[904,1086,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Juniperus excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trunk;
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CFBDFB1AFB25F8C7" bold="true" box="[1161,1172,1871,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">c</emphasis>
|
||
. pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CE36FB1AFAC9F8C7" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[1282,1400,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" genus="Argyresthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CE36FB1AFAC9F8C7" box="[1282,1400,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Argyresthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17445BF51CBE3FB3AFE8AF826" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[215,315,1903,1924]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707445BF51CBE3FB3AFE8AF826" box="[215,315,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="68">Juniperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree bark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="290888627446BF52CBF3FCCDFC2BFE72" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
|
||
In the key to the pupae of bee flies,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D26F5937446BF52C95AFCC2FD42FF12" author="Hull" box="[622,755,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refString="Hull, F. M. (1973) Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., 687 pp." type="book" year="1973">Hull (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the status of chitinous spines on the abdominal segments as the one of diagnostic characters separating subfamilies. His key (couplet 3) shows that presence of chitinous spines on the two first abdominal segments is a main feature of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52CFB3FC8AFAB7FF5A" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[1159,1286,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phthiriinae">Phthiriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52CBA3FD51FF4CFEBE" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,253,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BC354707446BF52CBA3FD51FF4CFEBE" box="[151,253,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Ph. fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has chitinous spines in all but the first abdominal segment so this feature does not correspond to Hull’s key. Both Hull’s (1973) illustration (page 42) and our pupa have ventral and dorsal posterolateral processes on the last segment. This common feature was considered as a secondary character in Hull’s key. This new finding requires a rearrangement of features in Couplet 3 of that key and also verifies the tribal division of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52CBA3FDC1FEA3FE0F" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,274,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phthiriinae">Phthiriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52CABBFDC1FE48FE0F" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[399,505,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phthiriini">Phthiriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are parasites of the species of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52C8D3FDC1FBDFFE0F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[999,1134,404,429]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the host of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52CBA3FDE2FEF6FE72" authorityName="Hall & Evenhuis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,327,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Poecilognathini">Poecilognathini</taxonomicName>
|
||
confined to the orders
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52C97EFDEDFD53FE72" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[586,738,440,464]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEB7F3E17446BF52C82CFDE2FC24FE72" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[792,917,439,464]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |