160 lines
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160 lines
14 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="784482CDCA3D396AF8289D751549EBE6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum macrocarpon L., Mant. Pl. Altera 205. 1771." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:784482CDCA3D396AF8289D751549EBE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/784482CDCA3D396AF8289D751549EBE6" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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24.
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<taxonomicName authority="L., Mant. Pl. Altera 205. 1771." authorityName="L., Mant. Pl. Altera 205. 1771." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">Solanum macrocarpon L., Mant. Pl. Altera 205. 1771.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Introduced species of Solanum. Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl. A detail of inflorescence (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. B habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126972, India) C detail view of a flower (Sampath Kumar et al. 126972, India) D detail view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Solanum jamaicense Mill. E detail view of a flower (Stern 265, Trinidad and Tobago) F detail view of fruits (Stern 265, Trinidad and Tobago). Solanum macrocarpon L. G detail view of flower (in cultivation at GAFL Avignon, unvouchered) H detail view of fruit (in cultivation at Radboud University, Nigmegen, unvouchered, material now at CGN, Wageningen). Photograph credits: A S. Knapp B-D X. Aubriot E, F S. Stern G, H S. Knapp." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689715" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 22G, H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">Solanum dimorphum</taxonomicName>
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Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 56. 1901. Type. Cultivated in Tokyo, Japan "cult. Hort. Bot. Tokyo" (possibly from material collected in Taiwan but origin uncertain) (no specimens cited; no original material found).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Sweden" location="Uppsala" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uppsala" typeStatus="lectotype">
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Cultivated in
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<collectingRegion country="Sweden" name="Uppsala">Uppsala</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Hort.
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<collectingRegion country="Sweden" name="Uppsala">Uppsala</collectingRegion>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4108264" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B97" refString="Hepper, FN, Jaeger, PML, 1985. The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum. Kew Bulletin 40(2): 387-391. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108264" title="The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum. Kew Bulletin 40 (2): 387 - 391." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4108264" year="1985">Hepper and Jaeger 1985</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 391: LINN [acc. # 248.11])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum macrocarpon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed across Africa and has been introduced in cultivation in other parts of the world possibly in association with the trans-Atlantic slave trade (e.g., Brazil, the Caribbean, Central America). In tropical Asia
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. macrocarpon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been collected in Sri Lanka, Singapore, and China, but may be more widely cultivated (see below).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum macrocarpon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not known outside cultivation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Gboma eggplant is the English common name in widest use for this species; for common names in Africa see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp (2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 225-229); http://www.solanaceaesource.org/solanaceae/solanum-macrocarpon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum macrocarpon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a cultivated plant, used for its leaves and fruits in Africa (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
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); its wild progenitor is
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. dasyphyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dasyphyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dasyphyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schumach. & Thonn. of sub-Saharan Africa. It is easily distinguished from other cultivated eggplants in tropical Asia by its large, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent leaves with attenuate bases decurrent onto the stem, its large flowers with copious interpetalar tissue, and its foliaceous calyx lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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We have seen only a few specimens of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. macrocarpon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L, although
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<bibRefCitation author="Burkill, IH" journalOrPublisher="Wasmann Journal of Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Burkill, IH, 1935. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." title="A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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reports its use in the Malay Peninsula as "spreading throughout the Dutch Indies" and used as a pot-herb (leaves eaten). Accessions of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. macrocarpon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are held in the collections of the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg or AVDRC) in the Philippines (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01484" author="Taher, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B241" refString="Taher, D, Solberg, SO, Prohens, J, Chou, Y-Y, Rakhla, M, Wu, T-H, 2017. World Vegetable Center eggplant collection: Origin, composition, seed dissemination and utilization in breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: e1484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01484" title="World Vegetable Center eggplant collection: Origin, composition, seed dissemination and utilization in breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: e 1484." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01484" year="2017">Taher et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) but it is not widely cultivated nor has it escaped or naturalised.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |