754 lines
58 KiB
XML
754 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12835" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97beb04f-9850-4c3f-8025-f1efeec7356b" ID-PMC="PMC5523380" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-680-57" ID-PubMed="28769716" ID-ZBK="61BD7A32BE3046A5B1DD6DAD729989A7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-680-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 680" ModsDocTitle="A new, morphologically cryptic bush-cricket discovered on the basis of its song in the Carpathian Mountains (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)" checkinTime="1502744622712" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Iorgu, Ionut Stefan, Iorgu, Elena Iulia, Szoevenyi, Gergely & Orci, Kirill Mark" docDate="2017" docId="05E96BBAB1CB49717757C92294C030FE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 680: 57-72" docOrigin="ZooKeys 680" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12835" docTitle="Isophya bucovinensis Iorgu, Iorgu, Szoevenyi & Orci, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="797AC7E6-0702-4510-AC0C-4C0E454EF81C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFAB1369FF831C6E1633FFF0D856FFE6" masterDocTitle="A new, morphologically cryptic bush-cricket discovered on the basis of its song in the Carpathian Mountains (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1668164549911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new, morphologically cryptic bush-cricket discovered on the basis of its song in the Carpathian Mountains (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Iorgu, Ionut Stefan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Iorgu, Elena Iulia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szoevenyi, Gergely</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Orci, Kirill Mark</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>680</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12835</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-680-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">61BD7A32BE3046A5B1DD6DAD729989A7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">61BD7A32BE3046A5B1DD6DAD729989A7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649521" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:797AC7E6-0702-4510-AC0C-4C0E454EF81C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/05E96BBAB1CB49717757C92294C030FE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/797AC7E6-0702-4510-AC0C-4C0E454EF81C" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="58">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 1A, B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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Romania, Eastern Carpathian Mountains,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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Holotype: male. Original label: "Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains, 12 Apostoli Peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.221233">47.221233°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.213896">25.213896°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1730 m asl, 2015.07.27, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu", coll. "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania. Paratypes: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, labeled: "Romania, Suceava County, Gura Haitii,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.226234">47.226236°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.30069">25.300690°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 990 m asl, 2012.06.21, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu"; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, labeled: "Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains, meadow below Pietrosul Peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.130768">47.130767°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.191679">25.191679°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1800 m asl, 2012.07.20, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu"; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, labeled: "Romania, Suceava County, Suhard Mountains, Omu Peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.50752">47.507519°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.090279">25.090278°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1860 m asl, 2013.07.21, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu"; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, labeled: "Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains, 12 Apostoli Peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.221233">47.221233°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.213896">25.213896°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1730 m asl, 2015.07.27, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu"; 2 ♀♀, labeled: "Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains, 12 Apostoli Peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.222836">47.222835°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.21257">25.212571°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1730 m asl, 2016.09.03, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu", all in coll. "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania; 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, labeled: "Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains, 12 Apostoli Peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.221233">47.221233°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.213896">25.213896°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1730 m asl, 2015.07.27, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu", coll. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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Audio recordings: 1 ♂, Gura Haitii, 2012.06.21 (air temperature 25°C); 1 ♂, meadow below Pietrosul Peak,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mts., 2012.07.20 (22°C); 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, meadow below Pietrosul Peak,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mts., 2012.07.20 (27°C); 3 ♂♂, Omu Peak, Suhard Mts., 2013.07.21 (25°C); 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 12 Apostoli Peak,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mts., 2015.07.27 (24°C).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: A female habitus B male habitus C habitat in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains, at 12 Apostoli Peak (1730 m asl) on 27 July 2015.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.208927">47.208928°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.200489">25.200489°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1640 m asl, 2015.07.27, leg. I.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="59" start="start">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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</pageBreakToken>
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. Iorgu; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.20245">47.202448°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.197817">25.197817°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1620 m asl, 2015.07.28, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu; 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.13465">47.134651°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.178858">25.178858°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1680 m asl, 2016.08.07, leg. I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ș">Ș</normalizedToken>
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. Iorgu.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya nagyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nagyi">Isophya nagyi</taxonomicName>
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: 10 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (audio recorded at 21.2-24°C), Romania, Suceava County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
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Mountains,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.137">47.137°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="25.256">25.256°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1340 m asl and
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.141">47.141°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="25.267">25.267°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 1580 m asl, 2011.07.27, leg. K. M. Orci, G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Puskás">Puskas</normalizedToken>
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& G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Szövényi">Szoevenyi</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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Fastigium verticis approximately half as wide as scapus, male elytra short and narrow, slightly shorter than or as long as pronotum, reaching anterior part of second abdominal tergite. Length of cubital vein 3/4 of the width of pronotum
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="60" start="start">posterior</pageBreakToken>
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margin, forming an obtuse angle of nearly 110° at the right margin of left tegmen. The stridulatory file is 2.2-2.5 mm long and contains 105-130 pegs. Male cerci slender, 2.4-2.7 mm long, gradually and moderately incurved in distal 1/4, tapering in an apical denticle. Ovipositor short, upcurved, 8.3-9.2 mm long. Male calling song consists of a long sequence of two-component syllables (Fig. 3A, B) repeated at a rate of 160-220 per minute (at 22-27°C air temperature). Each syllable lasts for 237-385 ms and is formed of two parts: a longer group of 46-79 impulses (156-286 ms) shortly followed by a higher amplitude group of 2-7 clicks (3-28 ms) (Fig. 3C, D). Females reply right after the male syllable, with a latency of 48-66 ms (Fig. 4C). All these sounds are produced by closing the tegmina.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Morphologically,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. belongs to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya camptoxypha" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">Isophya camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
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species group. Within this complex,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
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differ from all the other species in the relatively high number of pegs observable in the male stridulatory file. Furthermore,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
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by examining the number of impulse groups within a syllable (three in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
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vs. two in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.) and the syllable repetition rate during continuous singing: 60-80 syllables/minute in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
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(21-24°C) and 160-220 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (22-27°C) (Fig. 4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Male (Fig. 2A, C, H, J, K; Table 1). Fastigium verticis half as wide as scapus, slightly tapering frontward. Head width 3.1-3.7 mm, 1.3 times the maximum pronotum width. The pronotum is 3.9-5 mm long, with lateral carinae nearly parallel in prozona, broken at traverse sulcus, widen and divergent in metazona.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saddle–shaped">Saddle-shaped</normalizedToken>
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from a lateral view, the paranota with concave dorsal margin; anterior and ventral borders straight, posterior edge moderately convex. Tegmina short and narrow, slightly shorter than or as long as pronotum, reaching the second abdominal tergite. Venation reticulate, Cu2 vein swollen, its length 3/4 of pronotum posterior margin. The angle between cubital veins of approximately 70-80°, speculum large and quadrangular. At the distal end of Cu2, the right margin of left tegmen forms an obtuse angle of nearly 110°. Stridulatory file arcuate, 2.2-2.5 mm long, with 105-130 teeth. Hind femur without ventral spines, 3.5-4 times long as pronotum. Epiproct almost twice as wide as long. Cerci covered by fine hairs, slender, 2.4-2.7 mm long, gradually narrowing towards tip, slightly curved in apical fourth. Terminal denticle strong, located in middle of cercus apex. Subgenital plate moderately elongated, narrowed apically with triangular apical incision and more or less acute lobes on its caudal margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 2. Photographs of the typical eidonomy of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male (A, C, H, J, K) and female (B, D, E, F, G, I). A, B head, pronotum and tegmina in dorsal view C D head, pronotum and tegmina in lateral view E ovipositor in lateral view F female subgenital plate G female cerci in dorsal view H male stridulatory file (SEM) I female stridulatory bristles (SEM) J male cercus (SEM) K male cerci in dorsal view. Scale bars 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="785A1D06B4348798B27E0074E4FD4769" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/785A1D06B4348798B27E0074E4FD4769" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Table 1. Morphometric characters measured in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (N = 10) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N = 20) (values in millimeters).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="2">Morphometric parameters</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya nagyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nagyi">Isophya nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">Min</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">Max</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">
|
||
Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">Min</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">Max</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rowspan="1">
|
||
Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Coloration green, densely punctuated with fine, dark green and brown spots. Some specimens with two dorsal, parallel, bilateral stripes from pronotum to end of abdomen, red, orange, or yellow colored. Antennae greenish, reddish or brownish, compound eyes bicolored: upper part brown or red and lower part green. Disc of pronotum green, bordered by a yellowish or whitish band, from behind the eye to the posterolateral angle of wing, complemented by a reddish brown stripe in metazona. Tegmina brown or dark red, with green margins and greenish or yellowish white costal margin, as continuation of pronotum band. Legs usually green, brownish or reddish. Cerci brown or reddish brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig. 2B, D, E, F, G, I). Head roughly as in male. Pronotum disc marginally widening in its posterior part, with lateral carinae straight in prozona. Paranota similar to these of male. Tegmina with dense reticulate venation, approximately 1/4-1/3 the length of pronotum, reaching the first abdominal tergite, with more or less rounded margins. Right tegmen with two dorsal fields of stridulatory bristles on cubital veins. Epiproct semicircular. Cercus short, hairy, conical. Subgenital plate rounded, narrow. Ovipositor relatively short, upcurved, 8.3-9.2 mm long, with 8-9 spines on dorsal margin and 7-9 spines on ventral margin, gonangulum ellipsoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Body coloration similar to that of male. Tegmina green with brownish inner and whitish or yellowish lateral edges. Ovipositor green with dark brown spines.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="bioacoustics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="start">Bioacoustics</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
(Figs 3, 4; Table 2). Males stridulate in the evening and at night. Typically, the song consists of series of 8-35 syllables; uninterrupted series of more than 200 syllables were also recorded. Syllable repetition rate is 160-220 syllables/minute at 22-27°C.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. produces a single syllable type, lasting for 237-385 ms (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 311.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
57.85 ms, n = 11 males) and formed of two elements: the main part (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“B”">"B"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is a longer group of 46-79 impulses (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 60.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
11.54), 156-286 ms (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 215.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
52.7 ms) long, shortly followed by the terminal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”">"C"</normalizedToken>
|
||
part, a higher amplitude group of 2-7 impulses (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 4.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.64), 3-28 ms (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 16.45
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.39 ms) long. The same impulse interval was measured in both
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“B”">"B"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”">"C"</normalizedToken>
|
||
groups,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="63" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
|
||
-4 ms. The two parts are separated by a short silent interval of 59-94 ms (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 76.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
10.56 ms). The following syllable begins 76-125 ms (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 94.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
17 ms) later (Fig. 3). All sounds are produced when the male closes the tegmina. Apart from the described typical syllable structure, some males produce syllables without the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”">"C"</normalizedToken>
|
||
element at the beginning of syllable series. The calling
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="song’s">song's</normalizedToken>
|
||
dominant frequency components are between 10-35 kHz, highest peak at approximately 25 kHz (Fig. 4E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Figure 3. Oscillographic representation of the calling songs (A, B) of two males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and detailed syllables (C, D). A, C
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mountains, 12 Apostoli peak, 1730 m asl (air temperature 24°C) B, D Suhard Mountains, Omu peak, 1860 m asl (air temperature 25°C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Table 2. Descriptive statistics for oscillographic parameters of the male calling song and for female response delay in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(duration values in milliseconds). Number of specimens for which measurements were made:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
11 males, 5 females;
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
10 males, 2 females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<table pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="2">Calling song parameters</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya nagyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nagyi">Isophya nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Min</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Max</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
|
||
Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Min</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Max</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
|
||
Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">DS</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">DB</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">NIB</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">IntBC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">DC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">NIC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">IntS</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Females find males by phonotaxis and emit simple clicks if the male song is attractive for them. In the resulting
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="male–female">male-female</normalizedToken>
|
||
acoustic duet, the female replies only after the male syllables (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”–">"C"-</normalizedToken>
|
||
part), with a latency of 48-66 ms (mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD: 58.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.77 ms, n = 200 replies from 5 females) (Fig. 4C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Figure 4. Acoustic signals analysis in two
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="close–related">close-related</normalizedToken>
|
||
species: A, B oscillographic pattern of male calling song C, D a detailed syllable and the female response (marked with green) E spectrum (function: Hanning window, size: 512). A, C, E red line
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. B, D, E blue line
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya nagyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nagyi">Isophya nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">The specific name is derived from the historical region of Bucovina, "Land of the beech forests".</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and natural history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The new species populates mesophytic montane meadows in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="south–western">south-western</normalizedToken>
|
||
part of Bucovina, within the altitudinal range of 900-1900 m (Fig. 1C). The insects were collected from broad leaves of various dicotyledonous plants:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Melanthiaceae" genus="Veratrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veratrum" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Veratrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rumex</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rubus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aconitum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vaccinium" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vaccinium</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Urtica" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Urtica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gentiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypericum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hypericum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. etc. The distribution of this bush-cricket includes highlands from northern and western
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mountains, the northern part of Suhard Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) (Fig. 6) and most likely occurs also in Dorna depression and the central and southern parts of Suhard Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is known only from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Suhard Mountains. It could be considered as Endangered B1ab(iii, v)+2ab(iii, v) following
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="IUCN’s">IUCN's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Red List categories and criteria version 3.1 (known EOO=234 km2 and AOO=28 km2; the constant degradation of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
habitat is the result of mechanized mowing in June and July, and overgrazing, especially in Suhard highlands) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Iorgu, IS" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
In this study, we report the discovery and give the description of a new bush-cricket species recognized based on its distinctive calling song. The basic pattern of its song is not unique within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isophya</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a series of evenly repeated syllables,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="65" start="start">each</pageBreakToken>
|
||
consisting of two elements: a longer impulse series followed by a short impulse group (see e. g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, K-G" journalOrPublisher="Josef Margraf, Weikersheim" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" title="Bioakustik der europaeischen Laubheuschrecken." year="1988">Heller 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chobanov, DP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 81" title="Review of the Balkan Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) with particular emphasis on the Isophyamodesta group and remarks on the systematics of the genus based on morphological and acoustic data." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3658.1.1" volume="3658" year="2013">Chobanov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, species producing this male song pattern can be found in several different, morphology-based species-groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Warchalowska-Śliwa, E" journalOrPublisher="Folia biologica (Krakow)" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" pagination="227 - 241" title="Taxonomy of the genus Isophya (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae, Barbitistinae): comparison of karyological and morphological data." url="https://doi.org/10.3409/fb.56_3-4.227-241" volume="56" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Warchałowska-Śliwa">Warchalowska-Śliwa</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chobanov, DP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 81" title="Review of the Balkan Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) with particular emphasis on the Isophyamodesta group and remarks on the systematics of the genus based on morphological and acoustic data." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3658.1.1" volume="3658" year="2013">Chobanov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One of these species-groups is the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya camptoxypha" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">Isophya camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Six morphologically closely-related species inhabiting the Carpathians were recently placed within this group:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. camptoxypha" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">I. camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fieber,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ciucasi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="ciucasi">I. ciucasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Iorgu & Iorgu,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sicula" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="sicula">I. sicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Orci,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szövényi">Szoevenyi</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Nagy,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. posthumoidalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="posthumoidalis">I. posthumoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bazyluk and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya dochia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dochia">Isophya dochia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Iorgu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szoevenyi, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" pagination="67 - 79" title="Isophyanagyi, a new phaneropterid bush-cricket (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from the Eastern Carpathians (Căliman Mountains, North Romania)." url="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/zt03521p079.pdf" volume="3521" year="2012">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szövényi">Szoevenyi</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Iorgu, IS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 22" title="Acoustic analysis reveals a new cryptic bush-cricket in the Carpathian Mountains (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.254.3892" volume="254" year="2012">Iorgu 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of its similar morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. also belongs to this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Since the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya camptoxypha" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">Isophya camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group are all very similar to each other regarding the morphology, we believe that a male calling song based identification key will be helpful to identify specimens from populations of unknown species identity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Identification key for the presently recognized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. camptoxypha" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">I. camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, based on male song characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">5A, B</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–G">C-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">5A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. posthumoidalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="posthumoidalis">I. posthumoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">5B</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dochia" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="dochia">I. dochia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">LIS</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">LIS</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">LIS5C</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. camptoxypha" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">I. camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">LIS5D</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sicula" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="sicula">I. sicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">5F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">LIS5E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ciucasi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="ciucasi">I. ciucasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">LIS5G</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figure 5. Oscillograms showing the typical pattern of male calling songs in each species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya camptoxypha" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">Isophya camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group: A
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. posthumoidalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="posthumoidalis">I. posthumoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(25°C, Bieszczady Mountains, Poland) B
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dochia" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="dochia">I. dochia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24.8°C, Gurghiu Mountains, Romania) C
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. camptoxypha" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">I. camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
(25°C, Bieszczady Mountains, Poland) D
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sicula" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="sicula">I. sicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24.8°C, Harghita-Ciceu Mountains, Romania) E
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ciucasi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="ciucasi">I. ciucasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(25°C,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ciucaș">Ciucaș</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mountains, Romania) F
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22.5°C,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mountains, Romania) G
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (25°C, Suhard Mountains, Romania). Time scale (shown at the bottom) is the same for all oscillograms in the figure. The arrows indicate the characteristic interval separating syllable groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">The duration values given in the above key are based on male songs recorded at an ambient air temperature between 20-25°C. To identify specimens, a song recording should be made in that range of air temperature. The key is most reliable when mean values based on at least 5-10 measurements per specimen are used in all quantitative characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="66" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
easiest way to identify male specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is to examine both the male stridulatory file and the pattern of male calling song. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. camptoxypha" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">I. camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, only two species have male stridulatory files containing more than 100 stridulatory pegs:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Interestingly, except for the different number of syllabic elements and syllable repetition rates, the syllables produced by males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
show remarkable similarities in oscillographic structure (Fig. 4). The longest impulse series of their syllables (element
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“B”">"B"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) are almost identical (156-286 ms, 46-79 impulses in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and 129-217 ms, 38-79 impulses in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and also the high amplitude, short impulse group (element
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”">"C"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) after the long impulse series is rather similar in the two species (3-28 ms, 2-7 impulses in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and 1-6 ms, 1-4 impulses in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Because of these similarities in song and due to the high level of morphological similarity, we hypothesize that the two species are likely to be a pair of young sister species. This premise should be examined during subsequent studies relying on molecular genetic analysis. Spectral properties of the male calling songs are similar in these two species, most likely due to the comparable dimensions of male stridulatory apparatus (Fig. 4E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya bucovinensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">Isophya bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the delay of female response is much shorter (48-66 ms) than that in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(71-127 ms) (Fig. 4C, D). Since female reply delay proved to be a critical parameter for males to recognize female response as a conspecific signal in a number of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Heller & von Helversen, 1986), the detected difference in response delay is likely to make the responses of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. females ineffective for communicating with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
males and vice versa. Also, another impediment for heterospecific communication in these two species is that the responses of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
females would overlap with a dense impulse series of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="male’s">male's</normalizedToken>
|
||
next syllable if she would try to duet with a male
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.; the detection of the female signal is less likely if the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="male’s">male's</normalizedToken>
|
||
own signal masks it. Therefore, in addition to the clear difference of male songs, the divergence of female response delay also suggests that the two taxa are best treated as specifically distinct. However, several interesting questions arise regarding the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="male–female">male-female</normalizedToken>
|
||
communication of these two species. Presently, it is uncertain which feature of the male signal serves as a marker to start the timing of female response. Females of duetting
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Phaneropterinae">Phaneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
bush-crickets usually use a conspicuous motif of the male song as a response timing marker (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, K-G" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="189 - 198" title="Acoustic communication in phaneropterid bushcrickets: species-specific delay of female stridulatory response and matching male sensory time window." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290822" volume="18" year="1986">Heller and von Helversen 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, K-G" editor="Bailey, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Josef Margraf, Weikersheim" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" title="Crawford House Press, Bathurst" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02592-5_8" year="1990">Heller 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dobler, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Comparative Physiology A" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="67 - 74" title="Song pattern recognition and an auditory time window in the female bushcricket Ancistruranigrovittata (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00217437" volume="175" year="1994">Dobler et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Clearly detectable features of the male song in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. are the beginning and end of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“B”">"B"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”">"C"</normalizedToken>
|
||
elements. Among these, we consider the beginning of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“C”">"C"</normalizedToken>
|
||
element to be most likely the female response timing marker (this is why we measured female response delay from that male song feature). However, it is only a presumption and a future laboratory test with playback experiments applying modified male syllables will be needed to answer this question.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya camptoxypha" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">Isophya camptoxypha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group shows a surprisingly high rate of endemism in the Eastern Carpathians. Five of its recently described species have very small distribution areas (Fig. 6):
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ciucasi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="ciucasi">I. ciucasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
populates montane meadows in the southern part of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="67" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Eastern Carpathians: in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ciucaș">Ciucaș</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Vrancea Mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dochia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dochia">I. dochia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to occur in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceahlău">Ceahlău</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bistriței">Bistriței</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Gurghiu Mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sicula" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="sicula">I. sicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harghita-Mădăraș">Harghita-Mădăraș</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stânișoarei">Stanișoarei</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in small areas in the southern part of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
|
||
volcanic caldera and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is known from the northern and western parts of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Călimani">Călimani</normalizedToken>
|
||
, reaching Suhard mountains in north. The ancestors of these species presumably penetrated from the distribution center of this genus in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balkan–Asia">Balkan-Asia</normalizedToken>
|
||
Minor along the western part of Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains dispersal routes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kenyeres, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta zoologica cracoviensia" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="189 - 211" title="Endemism hot spots, core areas and disjunctions in European Orthoptera" url="http://db.isez.pan.krakow.pl/AZC/pdf/azc_i/52B(1-2)/52B(1-2)_16.pdf" volume="52 B" year="2009">Kenyeres et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and speciated during their expansion by isolation of the populations in the mountain chains of Eastern Carpathians.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Figure 6. Geographic distribution of the Eastern Carpathian endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isophya" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isophya</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: red dots -
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. bucovinensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="bucovinensis">I. bucovinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., yellow pentagons -
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ciucasi" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="ciucasi">I. ciucasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, green squares -
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dochia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dochia">I. dochia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, blue diamonds -
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nagyi" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="nagyi">I. nagyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, black triangles -
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sicula" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="sicula">I. sicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |