treatments-xml/data/03/E6/87/03E687FCFFB7FF94495EFF6DFD67FCD1.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

183 lines
18 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="BD53FD9695112EC0C5541EC4328A209F" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFB7FF94495EFF6DFD67FCD1" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Charaxes (Charaxes) candiope subsp. candiope candiope Godart 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="888" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="888" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="F7B168AE7126B5924643F997C5D92CC7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3A0648BB6D9AB06CD0F6A6A89DB743B4">
<mods:title id="B39FBD2B65CE53D626FA85A43121D546">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DEE40A54F916E4D1A047A220FF1CAE13" type="personal">
<mods:role id="776E5C637A3A5701D9EDD66D11589E5A">
<mods:roleTerm id="038B6BFA583FF9C615C979E73F8C53EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="492F7CAF809E1B5BD9ED152A5B366D2B">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3DA433F7642D9942C994C0C5E8BD9FB6">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DE795542596E2DA244E30557F03AE947" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E98886401007E95717D04E35BD5125D6">
<mods:roleTerm id="990BDC99AA91B2D063DD41F11AE11224">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="601A1C98DD08D204FB9E9E7BB47FB62E">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="23173E891F7B8A229A15889DCCF56F1D">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8ECB06CF9DDF81B5BB7A9919664754CC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="004A3AF50F0E42655FEA53AC4CED82F7" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E6DC4431065C6997AC0E1EA73543E290">
<mods:title id="A882DE2DA4513B882ECC44053F676BF0">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D8D1C70BC46E2AAC8E76FF0DC3017ED2">
<mods:date id="013C43E8E7018D6E831F1BF839ACD947">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5113B3611F802C9B4EFE392A7BFBEB19" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4AB455E440EC8D0959104BF04A53BF51">2015-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EACFE9BE5B22D7532954A4D6481B79C9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D5B7B7345D2E08B6C95F520624EF730B">50</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="CE052F2C5A05A86377236848ACDD50DD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="172F4D207E3194DAAB1A6D83DDD91639">865</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6DC383563E539D1EAE35D9EAEDF709A1">904</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="EE5D16BBA79181CE5F50673763057CFD">
<mods:url id="9BA475BF0450AA8452F6AF85F9A2F676">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="32CB441138C953FF2BB76FC41EF2F600">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A5748B2D545A3BECE4759BD62D73978D" type="CLB-Dataset">21272</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DEECBE01D5B6D763C94354BF72AE9E0F" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7213042F0934F16E06DBBB8940C007BA" type="GBIF-Dataset">05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C7B8FAFB9F627210BB68DBEF3E8284C" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D28395C827AB171C714F7297E1A76A34" type="Zenodo-Dep">3990100</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E687FCFFB7FF94495EFF6DFD67FCD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4339148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167186704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4339148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFB7FF94495EFF6DFD67FCD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687FCFFB7FF94495EFF6DFD67FCD1" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<subSubSection id="C3556561FFB7FF94495EFF6DFEE4FF4F" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF94495EFF6DFC77FF16" blockId="23.[346,969,142,167]" box="[346,969,142,167]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<heading id="D0B88186FFB7FF94495EFF6DFC77FF16" box="[346,969,142,167]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFB7FF94495EFF6DFC77FF16" ID-CoL="TN4N" authority="candiope Godart, 1824" authorityName="candiope Godart" authorityYear="1824" box="[346,969,142,167]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="candiope" subGenus="Charaxes" subSpecies="candiope">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF94495EFF6DFE7CFF16" box="[346,450,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Charaxes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF9449D7FF6DFD85FF16" box="[467,571,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Charaxes</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944A48FF6DFC99FF16" box="[588,807,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">candiope candiope</emphasis>
Godart, 1824
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF9448A4FF20FEE4FF4F" blockId="23.[160,1156,195,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF9448A4FF20FED7FF6A" author="Henning SF" box="[160,361,195,219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22224" refString="Henning SF. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe." type="book" year="1989">Henning 1989: 55</bibRefCitation>
(4 figs).
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF9449C8FF20FDEAFF6A" author="Larsen TB" box="[460,596,195,219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22516" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. 2 nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 31, fig. 450 i,ii. d
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944B44FF20FCFBFF6A" box="[832,837,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF944B42FF20FBB9FF6A" author="Abrera B" box="[838,1031,195,219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref21960" refString="d ' Abrera B. 2004. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part II. Nymphalidae, Libytheidae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="2004">Abrera 2004: 519</bibRefCitation>
(2 figs). SI: Figure 21e
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF94493DFF05FEF8FF4F" box="[313,326,230,254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
h.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3556561FFB7FF9448A4FEEBFD67FCD1" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF9448A4FEEBFD78FED7" blockId="23.[160,1156,195,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
Forewing length: male
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF9449A8FEEBFD98FE91" box="[428,550,264,288]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="38.0">
38
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF9449CCFEEBFE6BFE91" box="[456,469,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
47 mm
</quantity>
[mean (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944A8DFEEBFD29FE91" box="[649,663,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">n</emphasis>
= 9)
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF944ADEFEEBFCF1FE91" box="[730,847,264,288]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.276" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="42.76">42.76 mm</quantity>
, SD = 2.136]; female
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF944C43FEEBFE9CFEF2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.45" metricValueMin="4.75" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="51.0" valueMax="54.5" valueMin="47.5">
47.5
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944C72FEEBFB3DFE91" box="[1142,1155,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
54.5 mm
</quantity>
[mean (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944984FEC8FE30FEF2" box="[384,398,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">n</emphasis>
= 9)
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF9449CDFEC8FD82FEF2" box="[457,572,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.047" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="50.47">50.47 mm</quantity>
, SD = 1.616].
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF944AD0FEC8FC10FEF2" author="van Someren VGL" box="[724,942,299,323]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" pagination="415 - 487" refId="ref24246" refString="van Someren VGL. 1974. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 29: 415 - 487, 18 pls." type="book chapter" year="1974">van Someren (1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 468) gave male forewing length as
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF94499BFEADFDA5FED7" box="[415,539,333,358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">
39
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF9449BEFEAEFE79FED4" box="[442,455,333,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
44 mm
</quantity>
, female 45
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944A93FEAEFD1AFED4" box="[663,676,333,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
55.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF9448A4FE45FF42FE71" blockId="23.[160,1156,422,864]" box="[160,252,422,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<heading id="D0B88186FFB7FF9448A4FE45FF42FE71" box="[160,252,422,448]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF9448A4FE45FF42FE71" bold="true" box="[160,252,422,448]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" reason="3">Records</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF9448A4FE28FD67FCD1" blockId="23.[160,1156,422,864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
The Green-veined
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFB7FF944973FE28FE62FE52" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[375,476,459,483]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="904" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Charaxes</taxonomicName>
is a common butterfly throughout most of its vast range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF9448A2FE0DFE91FDB7" author="Larsen TB" box="[166,303,494,518]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22516" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. 2 nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
, p. 283). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF944A2AFE0DFD73FDB7" author="Kielland J" box="[558,717,494,518]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 98), found in all suitable habitats in
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB7FF9448A4FDF3FEB8FD99" box="[160,262,528,552]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, up to
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF94495EFDF3FE0CFD99" box="[346,434,528,552]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
, including
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB7FF944A35FDF3FD3CFD99" box="[561,642,528,552]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Pemba</collectingRegion>
. Although
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF944B04FDF3FC58FD99" author="van Someren VGL" box="[768,998,528,552]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" pagination="415 - 487" refId="ref24246" refString="van Someren VGL. 1974. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 29: 415 - 487, 18 pls." type="book chapter" year="1974">van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF944C27FDF3FF58FDFA" author="Henning SF" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22224" refString="Henning SF. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe." type="book" year="1989">Henning (1989)</bibRefCitation>
gave no specific records for
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB7FF944A35FDD0FD29FDFA" box="[561,663,563,587]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, and this butterfly was not encountered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF9448A4FDB5FE92FDDF" author="Liseki SD" box="[160,300,598,622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, the BMNH has one male from the east side of Mt Meru collected at
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF944C30FDB5FB3AFDDF" box="[1076,1156,598,622]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000 ft</quantity>
by B. Cooper,
<date id="FFF1102AFFB7FF944962FD9BFDF8FD21" box="[358,582,632,656]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" value="1937-06" valueMax="1937-08-31" valueMin="1937-06-00">
June
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF94499FFD9BFE16FD21" box="[411,424,632,656]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
August 1937
</date>
, two more Cooper males (West
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB7FF944C04FD9BFB3FFD21" box="[1024,1153,632,656]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF9448A4FD78FEFFFD02" box="[160,321,667,691]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4478" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.3716" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="ft" value="4750.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4500.0">
4500
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF9448D3FD78FF5AFD02" box="[215,228,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
5000 ft
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF1102AFFB7FF94495DFD78FDA9FD02" box="[345,535,667,691]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" value="1937-12">December 1937</date>
to
<date id="FFF1102AFFB7FF944A53FD78FCB8FD02" box="[599,774,667,691]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" value="1938-02">February 1938</date>
; Engare-Nairobi,
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB7FF944BDAFD78FBC1FD02" box="[990,1151,667,691]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.2192" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" unit="ft" value="4500.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4000.0">
4000
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944C11FD78FB9CFD02" box="[1045,1058,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
5000 ft
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF1102AFFB7FF9448A4FD5DFE25FD67" box="[160,411,702,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" value="1937-02" valueMax="1937-03-31" valueMin="1937-02-00">
February
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944907FD5DFEAEFD67" box="[259,272,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
March 1937
</date>
), and two females from Moshi area collected in
<date id="FFF1102AFFB7FF944BD5FD5DFB3EFD67" box="[977,1152,702,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" value="1942" valueMax="1943">1942 and 1943</date>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF9448A4FD03FEF9FD49" author="Cordeiro NJ" box="[160,327,736,760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref21863" refString="Cordeiro NJ. 1990. A provisional, annotated checklist of the butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha region, Tanzania. J East Afr Nat Hist Soc Natl Mus. 80: 25 - 41." type="journal article" year="1990">Cordeiro (1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 34) recorded it from Lake
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB7FF944A90FD03FD4AFD49" box="[660,756,736,760]" country="Tanzania" name="Manyara" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Manyara</collectingRegion>
National Park. We thus include this taxon as a member of the lower slopes fauna. Beyond
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB7FF944B13FCE0FCC3FCAA" box="[791,893,771,795]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, the nominate subspecies occurs throughout almost the whole of tropical Africa; the only other recognized races are insular forms on
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB7FF9449D4FCABFDFEFCD1" box="[464,576,840,864]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">São Tome</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB7FF944A79FCABFD6BFCD1" box="[637,725,840,864]" name="Yemen" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Socotra</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>