treatments-xml/data/03/E6/87/03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1.xml
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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3219.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fa772dc-c5b2-40c9-b28e-cd067ca9a3f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280223" checkinTime="1460447300036" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fikáček, Martin, Jia, Fenglong &amp; Prokin, Alexander" docDate="2012" docId="03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03219p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3219" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.3:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Megasternum japonicum Shatrovskiy 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFDFFFC2FFCCF318FFC9FFDB0C07C424" masterDocTitle="A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1678199402054" updateUser="tatiana">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fikáček, Martin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jia, Fenglong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Prokin, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-03-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3219</mods:number>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3219.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">280223</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180452" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection box="[151,829,1381,1407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,829,1381,1407]" box="[151,829,1381,1407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,829,1381,1407]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,829,1381,1407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3YZ8L" authority="Shatrovskiy, 1989" authorityName="Shatrovskiy" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,684,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,455,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[462,684,1381,1407]" firstAuthor="Shatrovskiy" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="264 - 293" refId="ref43360" refString="Shatrovskiy, A. G. (1989) 12. Sem. Hydrophilidae - Vodolyuby. Pp. 264 - 293. In: Ler, P. A. (ed) Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnegi Vostoka SSSR v shesti tomakh. Tom III. Zhestkokrylye, ili zhuky. Chast 1 [12. Fam. Hydrophilidae - Water scavenger beetles. Pp. 264 - 293. In: Ler, P. A. (ed.) Key to the invertebrates of the Far east of the USSR in six volumes. Volume III. Coleoptera or beetles. Part 1.] Nauka, Moskva, 572 pp." type="book chapter" year="1989">
Shatrovskiy,
<number box="[624,684,1381,1407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1989.0">1989</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, stat. restit.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1450,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3YZ8J" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[151,633,1450,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[151,392,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Megasternum gibbulum</emphasis>
auctt. nec
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky" box="[501,697,1450,1472]" firstAuthor="Motschulsky" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="163 - 200" refId="ref42557" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1866) Catalogue des Insectes recus du Japon. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 39, 1 (1), 163 - 200." type="journal article" year="1866">
Motschulsky,
<number box="[643,697,1450,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1866.0">1866</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="Sharp" box="[707,894,1450,1473]" page="420" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation author="Sharp" box="[707,894,1450,1473]" firstAuthor="Sharp" page="420" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="417 - 422" refId="ref43246" refString="Sharp, D. (1874) Some additions to the coleopterous fauna of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society in London (1874), 417 - 422." type="journal article" year="1874">
Sharp (
<number box="[780,835,1451,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1874.0">1874</number>
:
<number box="[845,887,1451,1473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="420.0">420</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Knisch" box="[905,1104,1450,1472]" page="158" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation author="Knisch" box="[905,1104,1450,1472]" firstAuthor="Knisch" page="158" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref42418" refString="Knisch, A. (1924) Coleopterorum Catalogus, volume 14, pars 79, Hydrophilidae. W. Junk, Berlin, 306 pp." type="book" year="1924">
Knisch (
<number box="[990,1045,1451,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1924.0">1924</number>
:
<number box="[1055,1096,1450,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="158.0">158</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Nakane" box="[1115,1307,1450,1472]" page="55" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation author="Nakane" box="[1115,1307,1450,1472]" firstAuthor="Nakane" page="55" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref42733" refString="Nakane, T. (1966) New and little-known Coleoptera from Japan and its adjacent regions XXIII. Fragmenta Coleopterologica 14, 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1966">
Nakane (
<number box="[1206,1261,1450,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1966.0">1966</number>
:
<number box="[1271,1299,1450,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="55.0">55</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Sato" page="211" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation author="Sato" firstAuthor="Sato" page="211" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="209 - 217" refId="ref43165" refString="Sato, M. (1985) Hydrophilidae. Pp. 209 - 217. In: Ueno, S. - I., Kurosawa, Y. &amp; Sato, M. (eds.) The Coleoptera of Japan in color. Volume 2. Hoikusha Publishing, Osaka." type="book chapter" year="1985">
Satô (
<number box="[1377,1432,1450,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1985.0">1985</number>
:
<number box="[199,240,1486,1508]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="211.0">211</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1450,1611]" box="[151,650,1520,1542]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,650,1520,1542]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3YZ8L" authority="Shatrovskiy, 1989: 286" authorityName="Shatrovskiy" authorityPageNumber="286" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,646,1520,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[151,403,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[409,646,1520,1542]" page="286" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[409,646,1520,1542]" firstAuthor="Shatrovskiy" page="286" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="264 - 293" refId="ref43360" refString="Shatrovskiy, A. G. (1989) 12. Sem. Hydrophilidae - Vodolyuby. Pp. 264 - 293. In: Ler, P. A. (ed) Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnegi Vostoka SSSR v shesti tomakh. Tom III. Zhestkokrylye, ili zhuky. Chast 1 [12. Fam. Hydrophilidae - Water scavenger beetles. Pp. 264 - 293. In: Ler, P. A. (ed.) Key to the invertebrates of the Far east of the USSR in six volumes. Volume III. Coleoptera or beetles. Part 1.] Nauka, Moskva, 572 pp." type="book chapter" year="1989">
Shatrovskiy,
<number box="[541,595,1520,1541]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1989.0">1989</number>
:
<number box="[605,646,1520,1542]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="286.0">286</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1450,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3YZ8L" authority="Shatrovskiy" authorityName="Shatrovskiy" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,1091,1554,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[151,408,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[425,1091,1554,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="359" refId="ref43475" refString="Shatrovskiy, A. G. (1992) Novie i maloizvyestnie vodolyubovie (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea) iz Yuzhnogo Primorya i sopredelnikh territorii [New and little known Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera) from southern Primorye territory and adjacent regions]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71, 2, 359 - 371." type="journal article" year="1992">
<treatmentCitation box="[425,675,1554,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Shatrovskiy (
<number box="[565,620,1555,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1992.0">1992</number>
:
<number box="[634,675,1554,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="368.0">368</number>
</treatmentCitation>
, subsequent more detailed description)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hansen" box="[1105,1432,1554,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref41882" refString="Hansen, M. (1999) World catalogue of Insects. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 416 pp." type="book" year="1999">
<treatmentCitation box="[1105,1309,1554,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Hansen (
<number box="[1199,1254,1555,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1999.0">1999</number>
:
<number box="[1269,1309,1554,1576]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="305.0">305</number>
</treatmentCitation>
, catalogue)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hoshina" box="[199,925,1589,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="13 - 16" refId="ref42230" refString="Hoshina, H. &amp; Sato, M. (2005) Synonymic notes on two species of the families Hydrophilidae and Leiodidae (Coleoptera) from Japan. Entomological Review of Japan 60, 1, 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">
<treatmentCitation box="[199,466,1589,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Hoshina &amp; Satô (
<number box="[374,430,1589,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2005.0">2005</number>
:
<number box="[439,466,1590,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="13.0">13</number>
</treatmentCitation>
, incorrectly synonymized with
<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky, 1866" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1866" box="[786,915,1589,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[786,915,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1658,2030]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,617,1658,1683]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499776426" collectingDate="2006-09-23" collectionCode="PJWP, NMPC" collectorName="P. Jaloszynski" country="Japan" latitude="36.716667" location="Nikko City" longLatPrecision="1185" longitude="139.7" municipality="Tochigi" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[406,500,1658,1683]" name="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[519,611,1658,1683]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tochigi</collectingMunicipality>
:
<number box="[631,645,1658,1682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="8.0">8</number>
spec. (
<collectionCode box="[738,808,1658,1682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PJWP</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[826,911,1658,1682]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">NMPC</collectionCode>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1:8E906077FFE3F337FC60F9A10829C2B6" box="[937,1070,1658,1682]" country="Japan" latitude="36.716667" longLatPrecision="1185" longitude="139.7" municipality="Tochigi" name="Nikko City" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nikko City</location>
env. [coordinates ca.
<geoCoordinate box="[1343,1436,1658,1682]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="36.716667">
<number box="[1343,1372,1658,1682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="36.0">36</number>
°
<number box="[1382,1411,1658,1682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="43.0">43</number>
'N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,259,1693,1717]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="139.7">
<number box="[151,196,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="139.0">139</number>
°
<number box="[205,237,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="42.0">42</number>
'E
</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[281,403,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2006-09-23">
<collectingDate box="[281,403,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2006-09-23">
<number box="[281,310,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="23.0">23</number>
.ix.
<number box="[341,403,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, lgt.
<collectorName box="[466,630,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. Jaloszynski</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499776336" collectingDate="2008-07-08" collectionCode="MPU" collectorName="K. Makarov" country="Russia" location="Kunashir Is." municipality="Kuril Islands" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[644,938,1693,1718]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectingCountry box="[644,751,1693,1718]" name="Russia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[766,932,1693,1718]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kuril Islands</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[948,1030,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">
<number box="[948,962,1693,1717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1.0">1</number>
spec.
</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1049,1117,1693,1717]" collectionName="MPU" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MPU</collectionCode>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1:8E906077FFE3F337FBBAF9460906C291" box="[1139,1281,1693,1717]" country="Russia" municipality="Kuril Islands" name="Kunashir Is." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kunashir Is.</location>
, UV okr. oz.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1:8E906077FFE3F337FF5EF9640D1CC2F3" box="[151,283,1727,1751]" country="Russia" municipality="Kuril Islands" name="Peschanoye" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Peschanoye</location>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1:8E906077FFE3F337FEE0F9640E25C2F3" box="[297,546,1727,1751]" country="Russia" municipality="Kuril Islands" name="Sernovodsk-Alekhino" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sernovodsk-Alekhino</location>
) [
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1:8E906077FFE3F337FDF1F9640FCAC2F3" box="[568,973,1727,1751]" country="Russia" municipality="Kuril Islands" name="South-East vicinities of Peschanoye" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">South-East vicinities of Peschanoye</location>
lake (
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFE3F328FF5EFABE0D86C6B1:8E906077FFE3F337FBD8F964090EC2F3" box="[1041,1289,1727,1751]" country="Russia" municipality="Kuril Islands" name="Sernovodsk-Alekhino" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sernovodsk-Alekhino</location>
road)],
<date pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2008-07-08">
<collectingDate pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2008-07-08">
<number box="[1378,1392,1727,1751]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="8.0">8</number>
.vii.
<number box="[151,210,1762,1786]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, lgt.
<collectorName box="[264,402,1762,1786]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">K. Makarov</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1658,2030]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1437,151,662]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[201,408,1797,1822]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
There is a single species of
<taxonomicName box="[736,890,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[736,890,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Megasternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring on the Japanese islands which differs from the continental
<taxonomicName authority="Marsham, 1803" authorityName="Marsham" authorityYear="1803" box="[386,748,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis box="[386,546,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. concinnum</emphasis>
(Marsham,
<number box="[683,740,1831,1855]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1803.0">1803</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
by finely but distinctly punctate ventrites
<number box="[1223,1266,1831,1855]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">25</number>
(impunctate in
<taxonomicName box="[151,312,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis box="[151,312,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. concinnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The Japanese species was for the first time recognized and diagnosed as separate from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. concinnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Sharp" box="[240,388,1901,1925]" firstAuthor="Sharp" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="417 - 422" refId="ref43246" refString="Sharp, D. (1874) Some additions to the coleopterous fauna of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society in London (1874), 417 - 422." type="journal article" year="1874">
Sharp (
<number box="[320,380,1901,1925]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1874.0">1874</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, who called it
<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky, 1866" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1866" box="[549,1034,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[549,816,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Megasternum gibbulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky" box="[821,1034,1901,1925]" firstAuthor="Motschulsky" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="163 - 200" refId="ref42557" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1866) Catalogue des Insectes recus du Japon. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 39, 1 (1), 163 - 200." type="journal article" year="1866">
Motschulsky,
<number box="[978,1034,1901,1925]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1866.0">1866</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
even though he did not examine the Motschulskys
<typeStatus box="[325,384,1936,1960]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">types</typeStatus>
and noticed some discordance between his Japanese specimens and
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky, V." box="[1188,1436,1935,1959]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="163 - 200" refId="ref42557" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1866) Catalogue des Insectes recus du Japon. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 39, 1 (1), 163 - 200." type="journal article" year="1866">
Motschulskys (
<number box="[1369,1427,1935,1959]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1866.0">1866</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
short description of
<emphasis box="[384,537,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName box="[384,534,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">M. gibbulum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D." box="[546,714,1970,1994]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="417 - 422" refId="ref43246" refString="Sharp, D. (1874) Some additions to the coleopterous fauna of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society in London (1874), 417 - 422." type="journal article" year="1874">
Sharps (
<number box="[648,706,1970,1994]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1874.0">1874</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
interpretation of
<taxonomicName box="[918,1064,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[918,1064,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was followed by all subsequent Japanese authors. While working on the keys to identification of the
<taxonomicName box="[919,1081,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
of Russian Far East, A. G. Shatrovskiy reexamined the
<typeStatus box="[435,494,152,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName box="[537,806,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[537,806,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Motschulsky collection, designated the
<typeStatus box="[1300,1403,151,175]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">lectotype</typeStatus>
of this species, correctly recognized that the
<typeStatus box="[623,671,187,211]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimens do not belong to the genus
<taxonomicName box="[1110,1264,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1110,1264,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pachysternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and realized that the Japanese species of
<taxonomicName box="[662,816,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[662,816,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore unnamed. For that reason, he described the Japanese species as
<taxonomicName box="[402,690,257,280]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[402,690,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[767,975,255,279]" firstAuthor="Shatrovskiy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="264 - 293" refId="ref43360" refString="Shatrovskiy, A. G. (1989) 12. Sem. Hydrophilidae - Vodolyuby. Pp. 264 - 293. In: Ler, P. A. (ed) Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnegi Vostoka SSSR v shesti tomakh. Tom III. Zhestkokrylye, ili zhuky. Chast 1 [12. Fam. Hydrophilidae - Water scavenger beetles. Pp. 264 - 293. In: Ler, P. A. (ed.) Key to the invertebrates of the Far east of the USSR in six volumes. Volume III. Coleoptera or beetles. Part 1.] Nauka, Moskva, 572 pp." type="book chapter" year="1989">Shatrovskiy 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[995,1055,255,279]" firstAuthor="Shatrovskiy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="359" refId="ref43475" refString="Shatrovskiy, A. G. (1992) Novie i maloizvyestnie vodolyubovie (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea) iz Yuzhnogo Primorya i sopredelnikh territorii [New and little known Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera) from southern Primorye territory and adjacent regions]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71, 2, 359 - 371." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the transfer of
<taxonomicName box="[151,418,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[151,418,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName box="[455,615,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[455,615,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pachysternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its synonymization with
<taxonomicName box="[908,1094,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
<emphasis box="[908,1094,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the designation of its
<typeStatus pageId="48" pageNumber="49">lectotype</typeStatus>
was never published, and the reasons for describing
<taxonomicName box="[850,1134,326,349]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[850,1134,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remained therefore unexplained. For that reason,
<bibRefCitation author="Hoshina &amp; Sato" box="[457,738,359,383]" firstAuthor="Hoshina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="13 - 16" refId="ref42230" refString="Hoshina, H. &amp; Sato, M. (2005) Synonymic notes on two species of the families Hydrophilidae and Leiodidae (Coleoptera) from Japan. Entomological Review of Japan 60, 1, 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">
Hoshina &amp; Satô (
<number box="[671,730,359,383]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005.0">2005</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName box="[915,1201,361,384]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[915,1201,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName box="[1279,1429,360,384]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[1279,1429,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considering some
<typeStatus box="[357,464,395,419]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName box="[504,660,396,419]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[504,660,396,419]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Lewis collection in
<collectionCode box="[999,1083,395,418]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
as being at the same time
<typeStatus pageId="48" pageNumber="49">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis box="[246,396,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName box="[246,392,429,453]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">M. gibbulum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
All
<typeStatus box="[444,551,430,454]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited in
<collectionCode box="[699,783,430,453]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
and mentioned by
<bibRefCitation author="Shatrovskiy" box="[995,1209,429,453]" firstAuthor="Shatrovskiy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="359" refId="ref43475" refString="Shatrovskiy, A. G. (1992) Novie i maloizvyestnie vodolyubovie (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea) iz Yuzhnogo Primorya i sopredelnikh territorii [New and little known Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera) from southern Primorye territory and adjacent regions]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71, 2, 359 - 371." type="journal article" year="1992">
Shatrovskiy (
<number box="[1143,1201,429,453]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992.0">1992</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
were, however, collected after the description of
<taxonomicName box="[494,639,464,488]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[494,639,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky" box="[684,912,463,487]" firstAuthor="Motschulsky" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="163 - 200" refId="ref42557" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1866) Catalogue des Insectes recus du Japon. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 39, 1 (1), 163 - 200." type="journal article" year="1866">
Motschulsky (
<number box="[845,904,463,487]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1866.0">1866</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and therefore cannot be
<typeStatus box="[1197,1295,465,489]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">syntypes</typeStatus>
of the latter species.
<bibRefCitation author="Hoshina &amp; Sato" box="[248,513,498,522]" firstAuthor="Hoshina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="13 - 16" refId="ref42230" refString="Hoshina, H. &amp; Sato, M. (2005) Synonymic notes on two species of the families Hydrophilidae and Leiodidae (Coleoptera) from Japan. Entomological Review of Japan 60, 1, 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">
Hoshina &amp; Satô (
<number box="[446,505,498,522]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005.0">2005</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
did not examine the specimens of
<taxonomicName box="[913,1058,499,523]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[913,1058,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Motschulsky collection deposited in
<collectionCode box="[297,387,534,557]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49rk-3jpq" name="Zoological Museum, University of Amoy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ZMUM</collectionCode>
, which are all conspecific with
<taxonomicName box="[752,1079,533,557]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
<emphasis box="[752,1079,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pachysternum haemorrhoum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above under this species). For that reason, the synonymy of
<taxonomicName box="[532,811,569,592]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[532,811,569,592]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName box="[876,1020,568,592]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulum">
<emphasis box="[876,1020,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. gibbulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proposed by
<bibRefCitation author="Hoshina &amp; Sato" box="[1173,1436,567,591]" firstAuthor="Hoshina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="13 - 16" refId="ref42230" refString="Hoshina, H. &amp; Sato, M. (2005) Synonymic notes on two species of the families Hydrophilidae and Leiodidae (Coleoptera) from Japan. Entomological Review of Japan 60, 1, 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">
Hoshina &amp; Satô (
<number box="[1369,1428,567,591]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005.0">2005</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
is incorrect, and
<taxonomicName box="[346,628,604,627]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis box="[346,628,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Megasternum japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has to be resurrected as a valid name for the Japanese species of the genus
<emphasis box="[223,385,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName box="[223,381,638,661]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megasternum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>