937 lines
76 KiB
XML
937 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3219.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fa772dc-c5b2-40c9-b28e-cd067ca9a3f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280223" checkinTime="1460447300036" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fikáček, Martin, Jia, Fenglong & Prokin, Alexander" docDate="2012" docId="03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03219p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3219" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.3:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pachysternum curvatum Orchymont 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFDFFFC2FFCCF318FFC9FFDB0C07C424" masterDocTitle="A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1678199402054" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fikáček, Martin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jia, Fenglong</mods:namePart>
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||
</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prokin, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2012-03-02</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>3219</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3219.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3fa772dc-c5b2-40c9-b28e-cd067ca9a3f6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">280223</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180436" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection box="[151,673,354,380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[151,673,354,413]" box="[151,673,354,380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,673,354,380]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4BV53" authority="Orchymont, 1925" authorityName="Orchymont" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,673,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,673,354,380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,448,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum curvatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[455,673,354,380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="200" refId="ref42838" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1925) Hydrophilides des Iles Philippines. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 65, 200 - 202." type="journal article" year="1925">
|
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Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[614,673,354,380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1925.0">1925</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,442,389,413]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[151,673,354,413]" box="[151,442,389,413]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,267,389,413]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Figs.
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<number box="[223,238,389,413]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="4.0">4</number>
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||
–5
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</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[278,308,389,413]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">37</figureCitation>
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, 40,
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<figureCitation box="[362,393,389,413]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">56</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<number box="[404,434,389,413]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="72.0">72</number>
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||
)
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1436,454,538]" box="[151,640,454,477]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,640,454,477]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4BV53" authority="Orchymont, 1925: 201" authorityName="Orchymont" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,637,454,477]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
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<emphasis box="[151,398,455,477]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Orchymont" box="[404,637,454,476]" page="201" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[404,586,454,476]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="200" refId="ref42838" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1925) Hydrophilides des Iles Philippines. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 65, 200 - 202." type="journal article" year="1925">
|
||
Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[532,586,454,476]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1925.0">1925</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[596,637,455,476]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="201.0">201</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1436,454,538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4BV53" authority="Orchymont" authorityName="Orchymont" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,859,485,507]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,398,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[412,663,485,507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="201" refId="ref42865" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 a) Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 66, 201 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="a">
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<treatmentCitation box="[412,659,485,507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
Orchymont (
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||
<number box="[542,597,485,507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
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||
a:
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||
<number box="[618,659,485,506]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="224.0">224</number>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
identification key)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[870,1122,485,507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="361" refId="ref42895" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 b) Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae. Philippine Journal of Science 30, 3, 361 - 385." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[870,1118,485,507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[1000,1054,485,507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
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||
b:
|
||
<number box="[1078,1118,485,506]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="374.0">374</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
second, more detailed English description with the specification of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[569,613,517,538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hansen" box="[747,1060,515,538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref41882" refString="Hansen, M. (1999) World catalogue of Insects. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 416 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[747,941,516,538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Hansen (
|
||
<number box="[836,891,516,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[901,941,516,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="307.0">307</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, catalogue)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,575,1850]" box="[151,708,575,600]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,309,575,600]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,210,576,600]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[316,445,575,599]" name="Philippines" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Luzon island, Imugan.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,575,1850]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[201,509,611,636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[201,259,612,636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755323" collectionCode="IRSNB" location="Luzon" municipality="Imugan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[524,634,613,637]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(here designated):
|
||
<specimenCount box="[870,953,612,636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">
|
||
<number box="[870,884,612,636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
male
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[976,1064,612,636]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
): “
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1101,1190,612,636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Imugan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB73FDBE0907C658" box="[1210,1280,613,636]" municipality="Imugan" name="Luzon" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Luzon</location>
|
||
//
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FAE7FDBF0979C658" box="[1326,1406,612,636]" municipality="Imugan" name="Cotype" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cotype</location>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,307,647,671]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FF5EFD5C0D34C6BB" box="[151,307,647,671]" municipality="Imugan" name="Pachysternum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum</location>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[333,437,648,671]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">curvatum</taxonomicName>
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||
// coll. d’Orchymont // Para- / type” [considered as a paratype by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[1198,1425,647,671]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="361" refId="ref42895" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 b) Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae. Philippine Journal of Science 30, 3, 361 - 385." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB67FD5C092CC6BB" box="[1198,1323,647,671]" municipality="Imugan" name="Orchymont" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Orchymont</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[1341,1401,647,671]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755331" collectionCode="IRSNB" location="Orchymont" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,311,684,708]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[329,417,684,708]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">
|
||
<number box="[329,337,684,708]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
female
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[436,524,684,708]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
): same locality data as the lectotype [considered as the holotype by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="361" refId="ref42895" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 b) Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae. Philippine Journal of Science 30, 3, 361 - 385." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FAD7FD77099CC6E0" box="[1310,1435,684,708]" name="Orchymont" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Orchymont</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[159,219,719,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755339" collectionCode="IRSNB" location="Luzon" municipality="Mt. Banahao" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[263,360,719,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">
|
||
<number box="[263,277,719,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
female
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[368,444,719,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">
|
||
<number box="[368,382,719,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
male
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[460,548,719,743]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
): “
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[579,724,719,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mt. Banahao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FD24FD0B0F34C6C3" box="[749,819,720,743]" municipality="Mt. Banahao" name="Luzon" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Luzon</location>
|
||
//
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FC9AFD140FA4C6C3" box="[851,931,719,743]" municipality="Mt. Banahao" name="Cotype" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cotype</location>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[962,1118,719,743]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FC0BFD140859C6C3" box="[962,1118,719,743]" municipality="Mt. Banahao" name="Pachysternum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum</location>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1143,1247,720,743]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">curvatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
// coll. d’Orchymont // Para- /
|
||
<typeStatus box="[319,371,756,780]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
”.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
The species was described twice: (
|
||
<number box="[782,794,756,780]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) a short Latin description lacking any data on
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1315,1362,757,781]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[420,629,791,815]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="200" refId="ref42838" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1925) Hydrophilides des Iles Philippines. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 65, 200 - 202." type="journal article" year="1925">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[562,621,791,815]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1925.0">1925</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (
|
||
<number box="[651,666,791,815]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
) a detailed English description with precise citing of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1266,1313,793,817]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[354,579,828,852]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="361" refId="ref42895" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 b) Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae. Philippine Journal of Science 30, 3, 361 - 385." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[497,556,828,852]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The description published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[926,1134,828,852]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="200" refId="ref42838" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1925) Hydrophilides des Iles Philippines. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 65, 200 - 202." type="journal article" year="1925">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[1069,1126,828,852]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1925.0">1925</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fulfills all requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN" box="[738,869,863,887]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42271" refString="ICZN 1999: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[738,804,863,887]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[813,869,863,887]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the paper is therefore correctly considered as the original description (see, e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hansen" box="[519,667,900,924]" firstAuthor="Hansen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref41882" refString="Hansen, M. (1999) World catalogue of Insects. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 416 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Hansen
|
||
<number box="[608,667,900,924]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[838,885,901,925]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is not specified in this paper and no
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="24" pageNumber="25">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is designated; all
|
||
<typeStatus box="[403,450,937,961]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens used for the description has to be therefore formally considered as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1333,1432,937,961]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. The subsequent designation of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[532,628,972,996]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[668,887,972,996]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="361" refId="ref42895" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 b) Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae. Philippine Journal of Science 30, 3, 361 - 385." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[808,865,972,996]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is therefore invalid following Articles
|
||
<number box="[1314,1369,972,996]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="73.1">73.1</number>
|
||
.
|
||
<number box="[1372,1385,972,996]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
. and
|
||
<number box="[151,207,1008,1032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="72.4">72.4</number>
|
||
.
|
||
<number box="[210,219,1008,1032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN" box="[369,503,1008,1032]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42271" refString="ICZN 1999: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[369,436,1008,1032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[443,503,1008,1032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[648,751,1008,1032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the species is designated herein: as the differences in male genitalia are crucial for the diagnosis of the species, we have chosen the single male available as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1271,1377,1044,1068]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, irrespectively to the previous decision by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[580,803,1080,1104]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="361" refId="ref42895" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 b) Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae. Philippine Journal of Science 30, 3, 361 - 385." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[722,780,1080,1104]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to designate the female from Imugan as “the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1314,1418,1080,1104]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,575,1850]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,768,1115,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Additional material examined:
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755336" collectionCode="FHGC" country="Philippines" elevation="350" latitude="10.7" location="Baybay" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="124.808334" municipality="Visca" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Leyte">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[586,768,1115,1140]" name="Philippines" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[785,862,1116,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[785,858,1116,1140]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Leyte</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[872,953,1116,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[872,886,1116,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[970,1053,1116,1140]" collectionName="FHGC" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FHGC</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1074,1141,1116,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Visca</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, N of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB76FB87091FC050" box="[1215,1304,1116,1140]" country="Philippines" latitude="10.7" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="124.808334" municipality="Visca" name="Baybay" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Leyte">Baybay</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="200.0">200– 500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[251,348,1151,1175]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="10.7">
|
||
<number box="[251,280,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[290,322,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="42.0">42</number>
|
||
'N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[362,494,1151,1175]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="48.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="124.808334">
|
||
<number box="[362,407,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="124.0">124</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[417,472,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="48.5">48.5</number>
|
||
'E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<number box="[521,581,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FD42FBA40F0AC0B3" box="[651,781,1151,1175]" country="Philippines" latitude="10.7" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="124.808334" municipality="Visca" name="Schawaller" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Leyte">Schawaller</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755315" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" latitude="14.134583" location="Luzon" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="121.20833" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[798,885,1152,1176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FCD7FB5B0F77C0BC" box="[798,880,1152,1176]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" latitude="14.134583" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="121.20833" name="Luzon" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Luzon</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[900,987,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[900,914,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1009,1100,1151,1175]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
): Mt. Makiling [
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1307,1436,1151,1175]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" seconds="4.5" value="14.134583">
|
||
<number box="[1307,1336,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1346,1359,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1362,1402,1151,1175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="4.5">4.5</number>
|
||
''N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,300,1188,1212]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="30" value="121.20833">
|
||
<number box="[151,195,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="121.0">121</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[205,235,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[238,270,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
''E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], without date, lgt.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[524,596,1188,1212]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baker</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755341" collectingDate="1947-06" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="F. G. Werner" elevation="300" latitude="14.166667" location="Los Banos" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="121.2" municipality="Laguna" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[609,689,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[609,623,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[705,794,1188,1212]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[814,903,1189,1213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Laguna</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FC5AFB7E0817C098" box="[915,1040,1189,1212]" latitude="14.166667" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="121.2" municipality="Laguna" name="Los Banos" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Los Baños</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity box="[1114,1186,1188,1212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="300.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1114,1186,1188,1212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1202,1301,1188,1212]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="14.166667">
|
||
<number box="[1202,1232,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1242,1273,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
'N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1313,1424,1188,1212]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="121.2">
|
||
<number box="[1313,1358,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="121.0">121</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1369,1400,1188,1212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
'E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[151,240,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1947-06">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,240,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1947-06">
|
||
vi.
|
||
<number box="[178,240,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1947.0">1947</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<collectorName box="[311,473,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F. G. Werner</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755308" collectingDate="1977-04-11" collectionCode="FMNH, NMPC" collectorName="L. Watrous" latitude="14.138056" location="Los Banos" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.23944" municipality="Mt. Makiling" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="598">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[491,607,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[491,534,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="598.0">598</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[629,716,1223,1247]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[735,822,1223,1247]" collectionName="Czech Republic, Prague, National Museum (Natural History)" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NMPC</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[848,1010,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mt. Makiling</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation bearing="135.0" box="[1029,1142,1223,1247]" distance="4000.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<quantity box="[1029,1094,1223,1247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
SE
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB4DFB13090FC0FB" box="[1156,1288,1224,1247]" latitude="14.138056" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.23944" municipality="Mt. Makiling" name="Los Banos" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Los Baños</location>
|
||
, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1314,1436,1223,1247]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="17" value="14.138056">
|
||
<number box="[1314,1344,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1355,1369,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1372,1402,1223,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
''N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,300,1260,1284]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="22" value="121.23944">
|
||
<number box="[151,195,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="121.0">121</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[205,235,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[238,271,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="22.0">22</number>
|
||
''E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[320,442,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1977-04-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[320,442,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1977-04-11">
|
||
<number box="[320,347,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
.iv.
|
||
<number box="[379,442,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<collectorName box="[499,629,1261,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. Watrous</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755324" collectingDate="1946-09" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="H. Hoogstraal & D. Heyneman" latitude="7.1" location="Mt. McKinley" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="125.40833" municipality="Mindanao" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[639,774,1259,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[639,769,1259,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mindanao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[781,861,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[781,795,1260,1284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[876,966,1260,1284]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
): E slope
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FBFCFB3608DEC120" box="[1077,1241,1260,1284]" latitude="7.1" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="125.40833" municipality="Mindanao" name="Mt. McKinley" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mt. McKinley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB2CFB36099BC120" box="[1253,1436,1260,1284]" latitude="7.1" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="125.40833" municipality="Mindanao" name="Davao Province" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Davao Province</location>
|
||
[=?
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FF1AFACB0D3DC10C" box="[211,314,1296,1320]" latitude="7.1" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="125.40833" municipality="Mindanao" name="Mt. Apo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mt. Apo</location>
|
||
, close to
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FE78FACB0DFCC103" box="[433,507,1296,1319]" latitude="7.1" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="125.40833" municipality="Mindanao" name="Davao" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Davao</location>
|
||
city,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[578,644,1295,1319]" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="7.1">
|
||
<number box="[578,593,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[602,617,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
'N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[654,787,1295,1319]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="24.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="125.40833">
|
||
<number box="[654,698,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="125.0">125</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[709,765,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="24.5">24.5</number>
|
||
'E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[809,898,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[809,898,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946-09">
|
||
ix.
|
||
<number box="[837,898,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946.0">1946</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<collectorName box="[963,1337,1295,1320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. Hoogstraal & D. Heyneman</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755321" collectingDate="1946-09-28" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="F. G. Werner" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1353,1436,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[1353,1367,1295,1319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[159,249,1332,1356]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
): same locality,
|
||
<date box="[458,583,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946-09-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[458,583,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946-09-28">
|
||
<number box="[458,489,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="28.0">28</number>
|
||
.ix.
|
||
<number box="[521,583,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946.0">1946</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<collectorName box="[658,823,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F. G. Werner</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755320" collectionCode="IRSNB" latitude="8.115001" location="Baloi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="124.22195" municipality="Momungan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[843,928,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">
|
||
<number box="[843,857,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
male
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[953,1044,1332,1356]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1072,1204,1333,1357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Momungan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[=
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB12FAEF0919C168" box="[1243,1310,1332,1356]" latitude="8.115001" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="124.22195" municipality="Momungan" name="Baloi" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baloi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1331,1435,1332,1356]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="54" value="8.115001">
|
||
<number box="[1331,1344,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1354,1369,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1371,1403,1332,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="54.0">54</number>
|
||
''N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,300,1367,1391]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="19" value="124.22195">
|
||
<number box="[151,199,1367,1391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="124.0">124</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[208,237,1367,1391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="13.0">13</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[240,270,1367,1391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
''E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], without date and collector;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755311" collectingDate="1930-09-02" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="C. F. Clagg" elevation="1829" latitude="6.9833336" location="Mainit" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Davao del Sur" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[637,718,1367,1392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[637,651,1367,1391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[734,824,1367,1391]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[843,1009,1367,1392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Davao del Sur</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FC37FA8C084DC14B" box="[1022,1098,1367,1391]" latitude="6.9833336" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Davao del Sur" name="Mainit" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mainit</location>
|
||
river,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB5EFA8208FCC154" box="[1175,1275,1368,1392]" latitude="6.9833336" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Davao del Sur" name="Mt. Apo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mt. Apo</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity box="[1349,1436,1367,1392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1829.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1349,1436,1367,1392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1829.0">1829 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[158,243,1404,1428]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="6.9833336">
|
||
<number box="[158,173,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[183,215,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="59.0">59</number>
|
||
'N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[259,369,1404,1428]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="125.26667">
|
||
<number box="[259,306,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="125.0">125</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[315,345,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="16.0">16</number>
|
||
'E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[392,502,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1930-09-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[392,502,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1930-09-02">
|
||
<number box="[392,407,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
.ix.
|
||
<number box="[439,502,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1930.0">1930</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<collectorName box="[566,707,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. F. Clagg</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755307" collectingDate="1946-11" collectionCode="FMNH" elevation="1311" latitude="6.9833336" location="Mt. Apo" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Mainit" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[722,806,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[722,736,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[824,914,1404,1428]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[936,1015,1404,1428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mainit</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, E slope of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FB44FAA608F3C1B0" box="[1165,1268,1404,1428]" latitude="6.9833336" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Mainit" name="Mt. Apo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mt. Apo</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity box="[1347,1436,1404,1428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.311" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1311.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1347,1436,1404,1428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.311" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1311.0">1311 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[158,241,1439,1463]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="6.9833336">
|
||
<number box="[158,173,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[183,215,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="59.0">59</number>
|
||
'N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[249,359,1439,1463]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="125.26667">
|
||
<number box="[249,295,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="125.0">125</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[306,336,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="16.0">16</number>
|
||
'E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[380,469,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[380,469,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946-11">
|
||
xi.
|
||
<number box="[407,469,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1946.0">1946</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, without collector;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755302" collectingDate="1996-02" collectionCode="NHMW, NMPC" latitude="6.3577776" location="Tupi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="125.07166" municipality="South Cotabato, Mt. Matutum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="17">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[695,790,1439,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[695,723,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[806,901,1439,1463]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NHMW</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[914,1001,1439,1463]" collectionName="Czech Republic, Prague, National Museum (Natural History)" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NMPC</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1020,1371,1439,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Cotabato, Mt. Matutum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FAAEFA44099BC193" box="[1383,1436,1439,1463]" latitude="6.3577776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="125.07166" municipality="South Cotabato, Mt. Matutum" name="Tupi" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tupi</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[158,280,1476,1500]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="28" value="6.3577776">
|
||
<number box="[158,173,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[183,213,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[215,246,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="28.0">28</number>
|
||
''N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[290,425,1476,1500]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="18" value="125.07166">
|
||
<number box="[290,336,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="125.0">125</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[347,363,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[366,395,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
''E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[448,531,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1996-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[448,531,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1996-02">
|
||
ii.
|
||
<number box="[469,531,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1996.0">1996</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, lgt.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFD4F302FF5EFEB90907C1EA:8E906077FFD4F300FD9AFA1F0EC4C1F8" box="[595,707,1476,1500]" latitude="6.3577776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="125.07166" municipality="South Cotabato, Mt. Matutum" name="Mohagan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mohagan</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499755319" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Baker" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[720,956,1475,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Unknown location:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[967,1051,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[967,981,1476,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1069,1160,1476,1500]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
): Tangrolan, Bukidnon, withoutdate, lgt.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[346,417,1511,1535]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baker</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,575,1850]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,461,1547,1572]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
By the general coloration and continually arcuate outer margin of anterior tibiae rather easily distinguishable from all
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[501,661,1582,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,661,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species except the some forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1055,1188,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1055,1188,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1203,1373,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1373,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Borneo and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[398,586,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,586,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern Palaearctic. Except for the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1167,1304,1618,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1167,1304,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species of the genus in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[411,537,1652,1676]" name="Philippines" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and does not co-occur with any above species (as well as with any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[186,346,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[186,346,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), it may be distinguished from them by the shape of the median lobe of the male genitalia (gradually narrowing apicad and acute at the very apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[830,955,1721,1745]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[888,916,1721,1745]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
b–c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to blunt at very apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinctly narrowed in apical fourth in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[765,944,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[765,944,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and widely expanded subapically in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[333,642,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[333,642,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pachysternum sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs by smaller body size (
|
||
<quantity box="[1030,1167,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1204,1338,1792,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1204,1338,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[228,396,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[228,396,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[635,766,1826,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[635,766,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished by at least weakly sinuate or angulate outer margin of anterior tibiae (at least when seen in slightly different angles than dorsally; outer margin of anterior tibiae is continually arcuate in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[501,635,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,635,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
even when seen from slightly oblique angles).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pachysternum haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs by the uniform microsculpture throughout the metaventrite (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1055,1140,221,245]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1110,1140,221,245]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to the highly microsculptured and densely pubescent metaventrite laterally of the femoral lines in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1099,1232,257,280]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1099,1232,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1307,1388,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1359,1388,255,279]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="20.0">20</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" targetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1436,1000,1055]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1000,1023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
FIGURE
|
||
<number box="[256,283,1000,1021]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="56.0">56</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[294,540,1000,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[294,540,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pachysternum curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[175,292,1033,1055]" name="Philippines" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280231/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[313,1276,1110,1929]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1435,1945,1998]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,290,1945,1968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 55:</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[529,776,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[529,776,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Pachysternum
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[681,776,1947,1968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="curvatum">curvatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green dots: examined material; blue circles: published data, not examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,369,290,315]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Body widely oval, shape of elytra sexually dimorphic, female with distinctly pronounced humeral portion of elytra. Body length
|
||
<quantity box="[579,711,325,349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[725,831,325,349]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity box="[841,929,325,349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
); body width
|
||
<quantity box="[1079,1210,325,349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1224,1326,325,349]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity box="[1333,1422,325,349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,322,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[341,429,359,383]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[397,429,359,383]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="56.0">56</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus reddish to dark brown, frons uniformly dark brown without apparently pale median portion. Pronotum dark brown, lateral margins only very vaguely and narrowly paler. Elytra brown to dark brown, except for pale reddish spot on apex of each elytron extending up to posterior fourth to third on intervals
|
||
<number pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2– 5</number>
|
||
. Ventral surface brown to dark brown, abdominal ventrites
|
||
<number box="[876,917,460,484]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4</number>
|
||
brown with pale lateral portions, ventrite
|
||
<number box="[1422,1436,460,484]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
entirely pale. Legs reddish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,438,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">External morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. Clypeus with coarse and dense punctation consisting of uniform punctures. Frons with punctations similar to that on clypeus, punctures separated ca.
|
||
<number box="[918,960,561,585]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3</number>
|
||
× puncture diameter. Interstices without microsculpture. Larger punctures on pronotum rounded, much larger than small punctures, small punctures minute, scar-like, divided by
|
||
<number box="[390,432,630,654]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3</number>
|
||
× puncture width. Pronotal interstices without microsculpture. Prosternum with very distinct median carina. Elytral series consisting of large, shallow punctures; interval punctation with minute semicircular punctures much smaller than serial ones, interval punctation consisting of two slightly different sizes of punctures, larger punctures setiferous; interstices without any trace of microsculpture. Elytral series distinctly impressed. Preepisternal elevation of mesothorax with deep posterolateral pits. Femoral lines on metaventrite slightly angulate, median portion of metaventrite bearing moderately coarse but rather sparse setiferous punctation, interstices without microsculpture; lateral portions with very coarse and dense, densely pubescent punctation. Outer margin of anterior tibia continually arcuate, outer series of spines not interrupted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,366,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[199,257,908,932]" name="Malta" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[384,468,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[439,468,908,932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegmen
|
||
<quantity box="[592,730,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, median lobe
|
||
<quantity box="[956,1093,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Phallobase ca. twice as long as parameres, bearing small, slightly asymmetrical basal manubrium. Median lobe widest at midlength, gradually narrowing apicad, apical portion triangular, acute at very apex; gonopore subapical, rather indistinct; lateral pubescent lobes narrow. Sternite
|
||
<number box="[521,535,1012,1036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
with widely rounded median projection, without apical emargination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1046,1071]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Slight variability was observed only in the extent of pale spots on elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1153,1235,1046,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1206,1235,1046,1070]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="56.0">56</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the coloration of the clypeus, which may be pale reddish to dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,295,1115,1140]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
A long series of this species has been collected from “rotting figs” at Mt. Makiling by L. Watrous. Collecting circumstances of other specimens are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,1219,1185,1210]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" box="[199,1219,1185,1210]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,352,1185,1210]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[494,623,1185,1209]" name="Philippines" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, known from islands of Luzon, Leyte and Mindanao.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1219,1244]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is rather similar to the some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1000,1136,1221,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1136,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all external characters including the presence of deep pits in posterolateral corners of the preepisternal elevation of the mesothorax (as in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,234,1289,1313]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[203,234,1289,1313]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on its vicariant distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[700,833,1290,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[700,833,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it may in fact even represent only a local population or subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[337,468,1325,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[337,468,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the small differences in the shape of the apex of the median lobe of the aedagus and in the shape of the anterior tibiae support the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[884,1018,1360,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1018,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pachysternum curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[508,676,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[508,676,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Borneo in dorsal coloration and shape of anterior tibiae, but the differences in body size and in the shape of the median lobe between these species is very apparent and clearly supports the separate specific status of the populations in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[879,1005,1462,1486]" name="Philippines" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in northern Borneo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |