183 lines
20 KiB
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183 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="FEBC958B871DDDB2B45E1C607527C8AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A954AFF8DFDE5FA937052F8B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus pacificus McCracken & Egbert 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CEA60C0554A66FB062897B2EC7AD8B9F">
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<mods:title id="FC378CA0ECF7203AEBA5BE7319CE6470">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A42826094CAA73BD382CA6EA5C790C38" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="270C6AEFC9BB2564A96DB2FF3B0A429F">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07CCDB250F2A1FF58D9A8CCC7FD5125A">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0CC723EB753FD3E48218D013AC08E3AE" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1AD3C9D7B8E23F3D77F8348F8BC409EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4C8C11C020552BC5E2164D59C9D332DB">
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<mods:date id="F24EE39C2BA79F7ED983770CC7BF29C1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E6F8B9B87E6753CEF5B786150D913FB9">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="23EBE86024D8CC3FBD0766CAEC9DC9EF">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5124EF39C89DB6D9921B35B5F5C848AF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A954AFF8DFDE5FA937052F8B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4433969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4433969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A954AFF8DFDE5FA937052F8B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A954AFF8DFDE5FA937052F8B5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7954AFF8DFDE5FA9371B2FB43" box="[151,735,1302,1329]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDE5FA9371B2FB43" blockId="79.[151,735,1302,1329]" box="[151,735,1302,1329]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<heading id="D0E17650954AFF8DFDE5FA9371B2FB43" bold="true" box="[151,735,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFDE5FA9371B2FB43" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,735,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDE5FA9371B2FB43" bold="true" box="[151,735,1302,1329]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDE5FA937211FB43" bold="true" box="[151,380,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Synergus pacificus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFCF1FA9271B2FB43" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[387,735,1302,1329]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7954AFF8DFDE5FAD27703FBB9" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDE5FAD271ECFBFE" blockId="79.[151,1436,1366,1482]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFDE5FAD27114FB1D" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,633,1366,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDE5FAD27238FB1D" box="[151,341,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Synergus pacificus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB61954AFF8DFC2EFAD27114FB1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422371" box="[348,633,1366,1390]" collectionCode="CAS" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFC2EFAD27114FB1D" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[348,633,1366,1390]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 56. Type material: CAS (
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E954AFF8DF807FAD27267FBFE" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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),
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB61954AFF8DFC6EFAF07113FBFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422383" box="[284,638,1396,1421]" collectionCode="CAS, USNM" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E954AFF8DFC6EFAF072C3FBFF" box="[284,430,1396,1420]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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in
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F9954AFF8DFCBCFAF17292FBFE" box="[462,511,1397,1421]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F9954AFF8DFF43FAF17113FBFE" box="[561,638,1397,1421]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDE5FA177703FBB9" blockId="79.[151,1436,1366,1482]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFDE5FA177118FBD8" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,629,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="profusus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDE5FA17723DFBD8" box="[151,336,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Synergus profusus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFC25FA177118FBD8" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[343,629,1427,1451]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 59. Type material: CAS (
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E954AFF8DF807FA177267FBB9" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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),
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E954AFF8DFC6EFA3672C3FBB9" box="[284,430,1458,1482]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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in CAS and USNM. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFE4AFA367707FBB9" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[824,1130,1458,1482]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFECBFA377088FBB9" box="[953,997,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 24)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7954AFF8DFDE5FA7C71F3F861" box="[151,670,1528,1555]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDE5FA7C71F3F861" blockId="79.[151,1437,1528,1735]" box="[151,670,1528,1555]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDE5FA7C7267F861" bold="true" box="[151,266,1528,1554]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFC3AFA7C71F7F861" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[328,666,1528,1555]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFCA4FA7D716AF861" box="[470,519,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 24)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7954AFF8DFDB5F998701CF845" box="[199,881,1564,1591]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDB5F998701CF845" blockId="79.[151,1437,1528,1735]" box="[199,881,1564,1591]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDB5F9987234F845" bold="true" box="[199,345,1564,1590]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC954AFF8DFC15F99872CEF845" box="[359,419,1564,1590]" name="United States of America" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE954AFF8DFCDCF998714DF845" box="[430,544,1564,1590]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">California</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFF5CF9987009F845" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[558,868,1564,1590]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7954AFF8DFDB5F9C47673F80D" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDB5F9C47673F80D" blockId="79.[151,1437,1528,1735]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDB5F9C4724CF829" bold="true" box="[199,289,1600,1626]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Biology</emphasis>
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. Reared from galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFF68F9C570A1F828" authority="(Ashmead, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[538,972,1600,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Heteroecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFF68F9C57069F829" box="[538,772,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Heteroecus pacificus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFE60F9C470A9F828" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[786,964,1600,1627]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref101564" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFE80F9C477AFF829" box="[1010,1218,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFE80F9C477AFF829" box="[1010,1218,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Andricus pacificus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) on
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DF986F9C476FBF829" baseAuthorityName="McCracken & Egbert" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1268,1430,1600,1626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DF986F9C476FBF829" box="[1268,1430,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and from galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFC2CF9E07075F80D" authority="(Bassett, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[350,792,1636,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canescens">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFC2CF9E07105F80D" box="[350,616,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Disholcaspis canescens</emphasis>
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(Bassett, 1890)
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFE30F9E07674F80D" authority="(McCracken & Egbert 1922)" baseAuthorityName="McCracken & Egbert" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[834,1305,1636,1663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="douglasii">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFE30F9E0703BF80D" box="[834,854,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Q</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFE16F9E070A1F80D" box="[868,972,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">douglasii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFEA9F9E0767CF80D" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[987,1297,1636,1662]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7954AFF8DFDB5F90C7052F8B5" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C954AFF8DFDB5F90C7052F8B5" blockId="79.[151,1437,1528,1735]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFDB5F90C7259F8D1" bold="true" box="[199,308,1672,1698]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E954AFF8DFC08F90D72C7F8D0" box="[378,426,1673,1699]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
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material of both
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFF07F90C7024F8D1" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[629,841,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFF07F90C7024F8D1" box="[629,841,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Synergus pacificus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF954AFF8DFEF7F90C776EF8D1" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[901,1027,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="profusus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFEF7F90C776EF8D1" box="[901,1027,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">S. profusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was examined and the species was redescribed and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD954AFF8DFC9BF9287056F8B5" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[489,827,1708,1735]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E954AFF8DFF05F92971C5F8B5" box="[631,680,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 24)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |