297 lines
42 KiB
XML
297 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="F13B86B9D5E28B879DB3BB17D7F6EFDB" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9528FFEDFDE5FA8D72B7FD2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus duricorius Gillette 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods id="E015F01B73A471B2ECC15DB5CF017273" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0434FEBAAF53B48B20919ADCAC80F317">
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<mods:title id="18738345D3EAE374411182E055D52F69">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="95FCE0C085A50530DE9DC12D517C254C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="76893A3828DCEFF2656C0BBE14145FF9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4322DC0908061820A71D2CD1438EE7BE">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1AA89AF84549099C11305D635F67559D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3379E68446C81832F48242525CBA9E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CC60F2AE7F1CAF51CBE915840D10DE1F">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4B8A97B5F7A65BE3BB11976487501321" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C6C99B37D2DD4E4AAFA9A1FBC16B6EE" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FAC17440C9D39547BB810FBF8CAFF2FF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E80565529645C789F820013F11265CD8">
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<mods:date id="CD5A8D66D9A7BBC6F152E6AEA10BA8EA">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8973011C6F186916A3DFC12095C75527">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="978FB3EDFEAB2CD777F33A2D7085A751" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2BD563B93FE32E7A5A37A4AC75966644">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A59943768EB2FC4F77B3CDE404661B7C" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="2DDE852C6A42C3F5488BDB0DAB168F30" type="CLB-Dataset">8839</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A9FEAD5F7B3A17339E25B8B5E44C6C6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2544E6B1EDF82C9096D849FB4E7A61AC" type="GBIF-Dataset">308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7BD0D9B6409730CAD3FC4A9A9E133748" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B011CE20ECA78C3100E061AC53CC7B9" type="Zenodo-Dep">4434000</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A245B477B6D11BBBC393F9A27148617D" type="ZooBank">09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9528FFEDFDE5FA8D72B7FD2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447541" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9528FFEDFDE5FA8D72B7FD2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9528FFEDFDE5FA8D72B7FD2E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79528FFEFFDE5FA8D7157FB50" box="[151,570,1289,1316]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9528FFEFFDE5FA8D7157FB50" blockId="45.[151,570,1289,1352]" box="[151,570,1289,1316]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0E176509528FFEFFDE5FA8D7157FB50" bold="true" box="[151,570,1289,1316]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFDE5FA8D7157FB50" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,570,1289,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFDE5FA8D7157FB50" bold="true" box="[151,570,1289,1316]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFDE5FA8D72E0FB57" bold="true" box="[151,397,1289,1316]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9528FFEFFCE6FA8D7157FB50" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[404,570,1289,1315]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79528FFEFFDE5FAA9727BFB3B" box="[151,278,1325,1352]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9528FFEFFDE5FAA9727BFB3B" blockId="45.[151,570,1289,1352]" box="[151,278,1325,1352]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99528FFEFFDEDFAA97263FB3B" box="[159,270,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 16</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79528FFEFFDE5FAF67757FBF9" box="[151,1082,1394,1418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9528FFEFFDE5FAF67757FBF9" blockId="45.[151,1082,1394,1418]" box="[151,1082,1394,1418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFDE5FAF67283FBF9" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,494,1394,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricoria">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFDE5FAF67234FBF9" box="[151,345,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synergus duricoria</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619528FFEFFC2DFAF67283FBF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422393" box="[351,494,1394,1418]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9528FFEFFC2DFAF67283FBF9" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[351,494,1394,1418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9528FFEFFC85FAF67192FBF9" box="[503,767,1394,1418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
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23: 93.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9528FFEFFE23FAF670EEFBF9" box="[849,899,1394,1418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79528FFEFFDE5FA3C77BFF8BC" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9528FFEFFDE5FA3C77A6F84C" blockId="45.[151,1436,1464,2030]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFDE5FA3C72A6FBA1" bold="true" box="[151,459,1464,1490]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619528FFEFFCABFA3C7178F84C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422345" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ac. Cat. & Type No." country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9528FFEFFCABFA3C7100FBA1" box="[473,621,1464,1490]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59528FFEFFF06FA3D71E4FBA0" box="[628,649,1465,1491]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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with the following labels: ‘Del.’ (white label) / ‘
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9528FFEFF9D4FA3C7665FBA1" box="[1190,1288,1464,1490]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ac. Cat.</collectorName>
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166’ (orange label) / ‘Biol. 2’ (white label) / ‘Type’ (white label) / ‘
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9528FFEFFF90FA587023FB84" box="[738,846,1500,1527]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type No.</collectorName>
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27942
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9528FFEFFED2FA5870A3FB85" box="[928,974,1500,1526]" name="United States of America" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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N.M’ (red label) / ‘AccNo 71950,
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99528FFEFF839FA5876F1FB85" box="[1355,1436,1500,1526]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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to be loaned only to ColoAgCol’ (white label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFFC1F98470E4F869" authority="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, 2021" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[691,905,1536,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricoria" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFFC1F98470E4F869" box="[691,905,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synergus duricoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A0559528FFEFFEFDF98570A1F869" box="[911,972,1536,1563]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘USNMENT 00802038’ (white label, QR code)
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</materialsCitation>
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/ ‘
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9528FFEFFF5CF9A071F6F84D" box="[558,667,1572,1598]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59528FFEFFFD1F9A171D5F84C" box="[675,696,1573,1599]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFFCDF9A07729F84D" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[703,1092,1572,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFFCDF9A070CDF84D" box="[703,928,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9528FFEFFED5F9A07729F84D" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[935,1092,1572,1598]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ (red label).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9528FFEFFDB5F9CC77BFF8BC" blockId="45.[151,1436,1464,2030]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFDB5F9CC7298F811" bold="true" box="[199,501,1608,1634]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Other material examined</emphasis>
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(1ϐ &
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59528FFEFFF3CF9CC7102F811" box="[590,623,1608,1634]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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). Material deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99528FFEFFE0DF9CC70BDF811" box="[895,976,1608,1634]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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with the following labels: ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9528FFEFF877F9CC763AF811" box="[1285,1367,1608,1634]" name="United States of America" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
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, Minnesota, Anoka County, Cedar Creek Natural History Area, Spr. Sum. 1983, J. Brokaw’ (white label) / ‘Commensal-Parasite in galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFC1CF91471DBF8D9" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[366,694,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusmamma">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFC1CF91471DBF8D9" box="[366,694,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Disholcaspis quercusmamma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFF92F91470A0F8D9" box="[736,973,1680,1706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFF92F91470A0F8D9" box="[736,973,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Quercus macrocarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘20’ (yellow label, handwritten) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFCF7F9307130F8BD" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[389,605,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricoria">Synergus duricoria</taxonomicName>
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Gillette’ (white label) / ‘
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99528FFEFFE1DF93070A8F8BD" box="[879,965,1716,1742]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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2032352’ (white label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79528FFECFDB5F95C7104FF31" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9528FFECFDB5F95C7104FF31" blockId="45.[151,1436,1464,2030]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFDB5F95C7257F881" bold="true" box="[199,314,1752,1778]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFC39F95C715DF881" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[331,560,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFC39F95C715DF881" box="[331,560,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, covered with non-parallel, transverse striae, somewhat reticulated anteriorly; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; gena not broadened behind eye; POL longer than OOL; F1 as long as F2 and female antenna with 14 segments; lateral pronotum wrinkled or carinated, at least ventrally; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; tarsal claws with a distinct basal lobe; first metasomal segment completely sulcate dorsally and laterally; syntergum with a posterior band of micropunctures; and body of females at least with some dark surfaces, never completely yellowish.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFFCE7F850711AF99D" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[405,631,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFFCE7F850711AF99D" box="[405,631,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the species sharing these traits (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9528FFEFF91EF8507649F99D" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[1132,1316,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beutenmulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFEFF91EF8507649F99D" box="[1132,1316,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. beutenmulleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9528FFECF828F85073D4FEC3" italics="true" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. linnei</emphasis>
|
||
, sp. nov., see below) by having a narrow band of micropunctures posteriorly on the syntergum, which extends at most 1/5 of its length (a wide band extended laterally somewhat more than 1/2 of its length in these species,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECF830FF3F76FAFEA6" box="[1346,1431,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-28@24.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 6. Synergus beutenmulleri Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) head in frontal view; b) head in dorsal view; c) antenna; d) propodeum; e) tarsal claw; f) radial cell of the fore wing; g) mesosoma in lateral view; h) metasoma in lateral view; i) mesosoma in dorsal view; j) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434016/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 6h</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFDE5FF5B73ABFE89" box="[151,198,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-23@59.[165,1422,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 22. Synergus linnei Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) head in frontal view; b) head in dorsal view; c) antenna; d) propodeum; e) tarsal claw; f) radial cell of the fore wing; g) mesosoma in lateral view; h) metasoma in lateral view; i) mesosoma in dorsal view; j) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434058/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">22h</figureCitation>
|
||
); tarsal claws with a small basal lobe (strong in these species,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFE01FF5B70AAFE8A" box="[883,967,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-28@24.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 6. Synergus beutenmulleri Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) head in frontal view; b) head in dorsal view; c) antenna; d) propodeum; e) tarsal claw; f) radial cell of the fore wing; g) mesosoma in lateral view; h) metasoma in lateral view; i) mesosoma in dorsal view; j) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434016/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 6e</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFEA0FF5B7093FE8A" box="[978,1022,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-23@59.[165,1422,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 22. Synergus linnei Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) head in frontal view; b) head in dorsal view; c) antenna; d) propodeum; e) tarsal claw; f) radial cell of the fore wing; g) mesosoma in lateral view; h) metasoma in lateral view; i) mesosoma in dorsal view; j) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434058/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">22e</figureCitation>
|
||
); and body of females mostly yellow, head only with a black spot in the ocellar area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFFD4FE877069FF6D" box="[678,772,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (frons, vertex and occiput, black in these species,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECF84CFE8776E3FF6E" box="[1342,1422,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1572,1596]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,730,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-152@22.[201,1386,730,1548]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 5. Synergus beutenmulleri Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. Female: a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; e) head in frontal view. Male: c) lateral habitus; d) detail of the first antennal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434014/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
), among others (see the identification key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7952BFFEDFDB5FECE7235FCF6" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5FECE7200FF17" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,365,330,356]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5FECE7200FF17" bold="true" box="[199,365,330,356]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5FEEA705BFFFA" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,822,366,393]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5FEEA72CEFFFA" bold="true" box="[199,419,366,393]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length about 4.0 mm (n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5FE16708DFC6A" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5FE167266FFDF" bold="true" box="[199,267,402,428]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFC68FE177203FFDD" box="[282,366,403,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mainly yellow. Head yellow, except for a black spot in the ocellar area and the area surrounding the occipital foramen, which is black. Antenna yellow. Mesosoma mainly yellow, space between coxae and propodeum, black; tegulae light yellow. Metasoma mainly yellow, the first metasomal segment and the syntergum dorsally, black. Legs yellow, metatarsi darker. Wings hyaline, veins brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5FDA771B8FD2E" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5FDA7726AFC4E" bold="true" box="[199,263,547,573]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view trapezoid, 1.2 times as wide as high, gena not broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line about as long as height of eye. Toruli situated mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFD95FD53722BFC81" box="[231,326,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16c</figureCitation>
|
||
) coriaceous with some scattered punctures between frontal carinae, weakly wrinkled outside carinae; frontal carinae narrow and branched, reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view is about 2.1 times as wide as long. Vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFC42FC9B72E3FD49" box="[304,398,799,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16c</figureCitation>
|
||
) weakly wrinkled and punctate. POL: OOL: LOL = 12.5: 8: 6 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 6.5. Occiput weakly reticulated, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5FCE27107FD9E" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5FCE27243FDF3" bold="true" box="[199,302,870,896]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFC4DFCE372CDFDF1" box="[319,416,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
|
||
). 14-segmented; filiform, not broadened apically; almost as long as the body; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about as long as F1; pedicel almost 1.4 times as long as wide; F1 as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 3.5 times as long as wide and almost 2.0 times as long as F11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6991B4952BFFECFDE5FA607201F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" targetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDE5FA607201F853" blockId="46.[151,1436,1508,1568]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDE5FA60724CFB8F" bold="true" box="[151,289,1508,1532]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF952BFFECFC5AFA61729BFB8F" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[296,502,1508,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFC5AFA61729BFB8F" box="[296,502,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5F9CA7700F9A3" blockId="46.[151,1437,1614,2037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5F9CA7228F81B" bold="true" box="[199,325,1614,1640]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFD95F9F67224F8FE" box="[231,329,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.27. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum weakly wrinkled; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECF81DF91273AFF8A6" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as wide as long, with dense but weak discontinuous carinae, interspaces alutaceous; anterior parallel lines weakly impressed, reaching somewhat more than 1/3 of the mesoscutum; notauli complete and visible in their whole length but shallow and narrow, less impressed anteriorly; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines shallowly impressed, narrow, reaching tegulae. Mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952BFFECFEC6F8A2777BF932" box="[948,1046,1830,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as long as wide, wrinkled; circumscutellar carina weak, almost inconspicuous, obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae large, more or less ovate, shallow, weakly sculptured bottom and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron completely irregularly striated. Metapleural sulcus reaching about 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae straight and parallel. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952BFFECFDB5F85E71CAF987" blockId="46.[151,1437,1614,2037]" box="[199,679,2010,2037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952BFFECFDB5F85E7392F987" bold="true" box="[199,255,2010,2036]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a small basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952AFFEDFDB5FF127024FE8A" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDB5FF12727EFEC3" bold="true" box="[199,275,150,176]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, about as long as the body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952AFFEDF9C2FF13767DFEC1" box="[1200,1296,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial cell closed, about 2.4 times as long as wide; areolet visible but small, all veins well pigmented. Rs+M visible, almost reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952AFFEDFDB5FE8773BAFFDE" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDB5FE87722EFF6E" bold="true" box="[199,323,259,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and about 1.3 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9952AFFEDF842FE8776E2FF6D" box="[1328,1423,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-417@46.[151,1436,1029,1485]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 16. Synergus duricorius (holotype, USNMENT 00802038): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434044/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and posteriorly with a narrow band of micropunctures extended about 1/5 of its length; strongly dorsodistally incised, not pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952AFFEDFDB5FE327235FCF6" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDB5FE32724FFFA2" bold="true" box="[199,290,438,465]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female, except for the following: body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD9952AFFEDFEDDFE32776BFFA2" box="[943,1030,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1). Antenna 15-segmented; F1 straight, almost not incised medially and very slightly broadened apically and basally. Malar space almost 0.7 times as long as height of eye. Metasoma shorter than head plus mesosoma, the band of micropunctures less widespread. Frons and vertex medially, and occiput, black; lower face and gena light yellow; mesosoma mainly black, dorsolateral pronotum, mesopleural triangle and tegulae, yellow; metasoma yellow, the dorsal black band extended laterally; legs light yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7952AFFEDFDB5FD0A708BFCD9" box="[199,998,654,682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952AFFEDFDB5FD0A708BFCD9" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,861]" box="[199,998,654,682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDB5FD0A7234FCDB" bold="true" box="[199,345,654,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC952AFFEDFC15FD0B72CEFCDA" box="[359,419,655,681]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE952AFFEDFCDCFD0B7174FCDA" box="[430,537,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="Delaware" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Delaware</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD952AFFEDFF58FD0B71D3FCD9" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[554,702,655,682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE952AFFEDFF8FFD0B701EFCDA" box="[765,883,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
(authors).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7952AFFEDFDB5FD367088FC81" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952AFFEDFDB5FD367088FC81" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDB5FD36724CFCBF" bold="true" box="[199,289,690,716]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF952AFFEDFF6CFD377761FCBD" authority="(Walsh, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[542,1036,691,718]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusmamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFF6CFD37700BFCBF" box="[542,870,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Disholcaspis quercusmamma</emphasis>
|
||
(Walsh, 1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD952AFFEDF96EFD3777DFFCBE" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1052,1202,691,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; authors) on and oak from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF952AFFEDFDA7FD53725EFC82" box="[213,307,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDA7FD53725EFC82" box="[213,307,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
section (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD952AFFEDFCE5FD53710AFC82" author="Penzes, Z. & Tang, C. T. & Bihari, P. & Bozso, M. & Schweger, S. & Melika, G." box="[407,615,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref105298" refString="Penzes, Z., Tang, C. T., Bihari, P., Bozso, M., Schweger, S. & Melika, G. (2012) Oak associated inquilines (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). TISCIA Monograph series, 11, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pénzes
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFC9CFD53714BFC82" box="[494,550,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF952AFFEDFFBAFD53701FFC83" box="[712,882,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFFBAFD53701FFC83" box="[712,882,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(authors).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7952AFFEDFDB5FD7F72B7FD2E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C952AFFEDFDB5FD7F72B7FD2E" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFDB5FD7F7259FD66" bold="true" box="[199,308,763,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF952AFFEDFC31FD7F7148FD66" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[323,549,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E952AFFEDFC31FD7F7148FD66" box="[323,549,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single female (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD952AFFEDFEBFFD7F77FDFD66" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[973,1168,763,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896: 93</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has been found and examined. Since no more specimens where used to describe this species, the only female composing the type series becomes the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E952AFFEDFC02FCC772BBFD2E" box="[368,470,835,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |