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<document id="2EF8B6A131A307BE7CE78B05806BDF47" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9508FFCDFDE5FC9F73A0FA62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="67B39FDDFD4395AE7374F7D0AA538F6B">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B68CF74B5783B72D5FE58C73B7BA1D98" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7D340B184F1C15C39A4ED8F4E90EAEF0">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="4DBEC27406464FFEE2D2DBC1131C3CBF">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D57B9814B1A5C02B8457EFD65900000D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2520457D350CE0A6C6CBC8BA072A41AB" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A5DF52C57C9AD15B4343CB2F9961EA85">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ECDA6E37A1554E6843BB2CC945D4D551">
<mods:date id="D96DA5458A42D4EB0C4B513323788CE9">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="266FD2B4972C9DB74087346F9A01FF4E">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ACDBEB10C53998E7E5933589E044168E">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="23A7F397BC379A72A913634A6C23C4D3" type="CLB-Dataset">8839</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8B4FB52E57C2C5D99739D5D94EA888E0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6ACAE0FFB81D126209939211FA07F915" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9508FFCDFDE5FC9F73A0FA62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447505" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9508FFCDFDE5FC9F73A0FA62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9508FFCDFDE5FC9F73A0FA62" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79508FFCFFDE5FC9F7036FD46" box="[151,859,795,822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDE5FC9F7036FD46" blockId="13.[151,966,795,894]" box="[151,859,795,822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0E176509508FFCFFDE5FC9F7036FD46" bold="true" box="[151,859,795,822]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDE5FC9F7036FD46" bold="true" box="[151,859,795,822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFFDE5FC9F719CFD46" authority="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,753,795,822]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDE5FC9F72EEFD45" bold="true" box="[151,387,795,822]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synergus ashmeadi</emphasis>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A0559508FFCFFF8CFC9F7036FD46" box="[766,859,795,821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79508FFCFFDE5FCBB70ABFD0D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDE5FCBB7224FD2A" blockId="13.[151,966,795,894]" box="[151,329,831,857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFDEDFCBB7267FD2A" box="[159,266,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFC6AFCBB722CFD2A" box="[280,321,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-23@101.[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 42. a) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P141); b) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P230); c) Melikaiella bicolor (Ref.: MEX: 044, 049, P026, P071); d) Sphaeroteras sp. (Ref.: MEX: P024); e) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P184); f) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P386, P388); g) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref: MEX: P398); h) Femuros nr repandae (Ref.: P187, P227, 2797); i) Femuros repandae (Ref.: MEX: P313, 255, 256); j) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P314); k) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref.: MEX: P140); l) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P259); m) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P381); n) Loxaulus hyalinus (Ref.: MEX: 333); o) Undetermined genus (Ref.: Clark-49); p) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: P317, P318); q) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: MEX: P183); r) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P394); s) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P038)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434112/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42a</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDE5FCE770ABFD0D" blockId="13.[151,966,795,894]" box="[151,966,867,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<uri id="FF87CD3E9508FFCFFDE5FCE770ABFD0D" box="[151,966,867,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFB0FBE99508FFCFFCDBFCE770ABFD0D" box="[425,966,867,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E31901F1-A222-4DC2-948E-FA0A37BC4FF5</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79508FFCFFDE5FC217247FA3D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDE5FC217247FA3D" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDE5FC217252FDCD" bold="true" box="[151,319,932,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type material</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9508FFCFFC3DFC21728EFDCC" box="[335,483,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59508FFCFFC99FC21716DFDCC" box="[491,512,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99508FFCFFFE9FC2171BEFDCC" box="[667,723,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">JP-V</collectionCode>
coll. (
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99508FFCFFE6FFC21702BFDCC" box="[797,838,933,959]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">UB</collectionCode>
) with the following labels: ‘
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9508FFCFF9F5FC2177A3FDCC" box="[1159,1230,933,959]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MEX</collectingCountry>
: P141, Sierra Fría (
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9508FFCFFDEDFC4C7220FD91" box="[159,333,968,994]" country="Mexico" name="Aguascalientes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Aguascalientes</collectingRegion>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99508FFCFFC24FC4D72FFFD90" box="[342,402,969,995]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AGS</collectionCode>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7FB9508FFCFFCD6FC4C7125FD90" box="[420,584,968,995]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="51.1" value="22.197527">22°11’51.1’’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7FB9508FFCFFF21FC4C707CFD90" box="[595,785,968,995]" degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="29.5" value="-102.59153">102°35’29.5’’W’</geoCoordinate>
(white label) / ‘Ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFFE9CFC4C773EFD91" box="[1006,1107,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFE9CFC4C773EFD91" box="[1006,1107,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99508FFCFF9F4FC4C77BAFD91" box="[1158,1239,968,994]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.464" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2464.0">2464m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFF993FC4D760FFD91" box="[1249,1378,969,995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFF993FC4D760FFD91" box="[1249,1378,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Q. potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<date id="FFA8E7FC9508FFCFF80BFC4D738BFA74" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2011-02-14">14. ii.2011</date>
)
<date id="FFA8E7FC9508FFCFFD85FC687204FA75" box="[247,361,1004,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2011-02-17">17.ii.2011</date>
, E. Estrada &amp; A. Equihua leg.’ (white label) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9508FFCFFEF3FC687083FA75" box="[897,1006,1004,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59508FFCFFE85FC697761FA74" box="[1015,1036,1005,1031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFF966FC697243FA59" authority="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFF966FC697783FA75" box="[1044,1262,1004,1031]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synergus ashmeadi</emphasis>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2020’ (red label).
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9508FFCFFFF8FB957078FA58" box="[650,789,1041,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59508FFCFFE5BFB957025FA58" box="[809,840,1041,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
) deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99508FFCFFE9FFB957748FA58" box="[1005,1061,1041,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">JP-V</collectionCode>
coll. (
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99508FFCFF91CFB9577FAFA58" box="[1134,1175,1041,1067]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">UB</collectionCode>
) with the same data as the
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9508FFCFFDB2FBB0724BFA3D" box="[192,294,1076,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79508FFCFFDB5FBDD7055FAE4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDB5FBDD7055FAE4" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDB5FBDD7225FA00" bold="true" box="[199,328,1113,1139]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named in honor of Mr. William Harris Ashmead (1855–1908), an American entomologist who specialized on parasitic
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFFCD1FBF97153FAE4" box="[419,574,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
, including gall wasps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79508FFCFFDB5FB247729FBE0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDB5FB247729FBE0" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDB5FB247257FAC9" bold="true" box="[199,314,1184,1210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFFC39FB257148FAC9" authority="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[331,549,1184,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFC39FB257148FAC9" box="[331,549,1184,1211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synergus ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A0559508FFCFFF44FB2571E2FAC8" box="[566,655,1185,1211]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the only species that lacks notauli, which at most appear as very shallow, inconspicuous, and hardly traceable grooves visible only under optimal illumination of the specimen. In addition, it is one of a few species that have the mesoscutum uniformly coriaceous-punctate, with conspicuous punctures covering all of the surface (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFF32FA8871FDFB54" box="[576,656,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99508FFCFFF07FA8971FDFB54" box="[629,656,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) (usually entirely alutaceous, coriaceous, or more or less carinated in the rest of species).
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9508FFCFFC03FAB5712AFB39" authority="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[369,583,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFC03FAB5712AFB39" box="[369,583,1328,1355]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synergus ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A0559508FFCFFF26FAB571C4FB38" box="[596,681,1329,1355]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, with parallel striae covering all of the surface, including the speculum (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFEB4FAD07775FB1C" box="[966,1048,1364,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
); hyaline wings (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFF9ADFAD0765DFB1C" box="[1247,1328,1364,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
); and the mesoscutellum medially coriaceous and laterally and posteriorly wrinkled (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFE91FAFC7758FBE0" box="[995,1077,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99508FFCFF965FAFD7758FBE0" box="[1047,1077,1401,1427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79508FFCDFDB5FA1872F2FDD6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDB5FA18723CFBC5" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" box="[199,337,1436,1462]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDB5FA18723CFBC5" bold="true" box="[199,337,1436,1462]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDB5FA44719CFBA8" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" box="[199,753,1472,1499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDB5FA4472CEFBA8" bold="true" box="[199,419,1472,1499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
. Body length 2.0 mm (n = 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDB5FA607272F8FD" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDB5FA607266FB8D" bold="true" box="[199,267,1508,1534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFC6BFA607237FB8C" box="[281,346,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Body black and yellow. Head mainly yellow, vertex and occiput medially and around the occipital foramen, black. Antenna yellow, the tip somewhat darker. Mesosoma mainly black; pronotum yellow or anterolaterally black and the rest, yellow; mesopleuron completely black or with yellow speculum; mesopleural triangle and tegula, yellow. Metasoma black dorsally, yellow laterally and ventrally. Legs pale yellow. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9508FFCFFDB5F91D77EBF984" blockId="13.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9508FFCFFDB5F91D726AF8C0" bold="true" box="[199,263,1689,1715]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head</emphasis>
. In frontal view (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFCA6F91C714BF8C0" box="[468,550,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
) trapezoid, about 1.1 times as wide as high, gena not broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with dense striae radiating from clypeus, reaching eyes and toruli; medial striae short to absent. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.5-0.6 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line about as long as height of eye. Toruli situated slightly under mid-height of eyes; distance between torulus and eye about as long as diameter of toruli; distance between toruli slightly longer than diameter of toruli. Frons finely coriaceous, with a few weak wrinkles and very few small piliferous punctures; frontal carinae narrow, branched in their whole length and reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99508FFCFFEDCF8107090F9DC" box="[942,1021,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
) is 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex finely coriaceous, with some weak wrinkles and small punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 6.5: 5.5: 3 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3. Occiput finely coriaceous, with some weak wrinkles and small punctures.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6991B4950BFFCCFDE5F9377201F960" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950BFFCCFDE5F9377201F960" blockId="14.[151,1436,1715,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950BFFCCFDE5F9377263F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,270,1715,1739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950BFFCCFC6EF9307063F8B8" authority="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[284,782,1715,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950BFFCCFC6EF930728DF8B8" box="[284,480,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synergus ashmeadi</emphasis>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A055950BFFCCFE6BF9307004F8B8" box="[793,873,1716,1739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950BFFCCFDB5F8C57140F9BB" blockId="14.[151,1437,1857,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950BFFCCFDB5F8C57243F928" bold="true" box="[199,302,1857,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950BFFCCFC4FF8C672E2F92E" box="[317,399,1858,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
). 14-segmented (7: 4: 12: 11: 11: 10: 8: 8: 6: 5.5: 4.5: 4: 4: 7.5); filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short; placodeal sensilla visible on flagellar segments F3–F12. Pedicel about 1.6 times as long as wide; F1 slightly longer than F2, F2 as long as F3. Last flagellar segment about 2.5 times as long as wide and almost 2.0 times as long as F11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950BFFCDFDB5F8567209FC4E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1857,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950BFFCCFDB5F8567228F99F" bold="true" box="[199,325,2002,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesosoma</emphasis>
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDFD9AFF137257FEC2" box="[232,314,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.33. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum strongly coriaceous to weakly wrinkled; lateral carina absent, pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDFDD2FF5B739FFE8A" box="[160,242,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEE6CD9950AFFCDFDA4FF5B739FFE8A" box="[214,242,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) about 1.1 times as wide as long, uniformly coriaceous-punctate; anterior parallel lines shallow but visible, extended about 1/3 of the mesoscutal length; notauli absent, at most with two very weakly depressions on the mesoscutum where notauli are usually present; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines weakly impressed, reaching tegulae. Mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDFF68FECF7106FF16" box="[538,619,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEE6CD9950AFFCDFF22FECF7106FF16" box="[592,619,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) rounded, almost as long as wide, anteriorly coriaceous, posteriorly and laterally wrinkled, interspaces coriaceous; circumscutellar carina weak but visible, somewhat obscured by wrinkles, not projected; scutellar foveae subquadrate to ovate, well impressed and delimited, the bottom with longitudinal weak carinae and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDFE12FE3370DDFFA2" box="[864,944,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
) regularly and densely striated, interspaces finely coriaceous anteriorly; slightly pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaches about 3/4 parts of mesopleural height. Propodeum weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae almost straight and parallel. Nucha weakly sulcate dorsally and laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDB5FDC3710EFC12" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[199,611,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5FDC37392FC12" bold="true" box="[199,255,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs</emphasis>
. Tarsal claws with a basal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDB5FDEE77FAFCBE" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5FDEE727EFCF7" bold="true" box="[199,275,618,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wings</emphasis>
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than body length. Radial cell closed, about 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet inconspicuous, only the posterior vein somewhat pigmented (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDF84AFD0B76E3FCD9" box="[1336,1422,655,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1h</figureCitation>
). Rs+M inconspicuous, almost reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDB5FD537032FDF2" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5FD53722EFC82" bold="true" box="[199,323,727,753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metasoma</emphasis>
. Shorter than head plus mesosoma, almost as high as long in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDF9F4FD5377BEFC81" box="[1158,1235,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, with an anterolateral pubescence composed of very few setae and posteriorly with an incomplete band of micropunctures extended almost 1/3 of its length, less widespread dorsally (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDFC70FCC7723CFD2E" box="[258,337,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,179,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synergus ashmeadi Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (female): a) lateral habitus; b) head in frontal view; c) head in dorsal view; d) antenna; e) mesosoma in lateral view; f) metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) radial cell of the fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
, dot line); not dorsodistally incised, pointed. Hypopygial spine almost 3.0 times as long as wide (very narrow) and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDB5FC0E72F2FDD6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[199,415,906,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5FC0E724FFDD6" bold="true" box="[199,290,906,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MALE.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFCDFDB5FC2A7116FDBA" box="[199,635,942,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDB5FC2A7116FDBA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[199,635,942,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5FC2A7234FDBB" bold="true" box="[199,345,942,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC950AFFCDFC15FC2B72ACFDBA" box="[359,449,943,969]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mexico</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE950AFFCDFCB8FC2B711AFDBA" box="[458,631,943,969]" country="Mexico" name="Aguascalientes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aguascalientes</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFCDFDB5FC5673A0FA62" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDB5FC5673A0FA62" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5FC56724CFD9F" bold="true" box="[199,289,978,1004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology</emphasis>
. Reared from tuberous galls induced by an undetermined species of
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDF941FC5777F5FD9E" box="[1075,1176,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDF941FC5777F5FD9E" box="[1075,1176,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDF9DBFC577665FD9E" box="[1193,1288,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-23@101.[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 42. a) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P141); b) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P230); c) Melikaiella bicolor (Ref.: MEX: 044, 049, P026, P071); d) Sphaeroteras sp. (Ref.: MEX: P024); e) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P184); f) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P386, P388); g) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref: MEX: P398); h) Femuros nr repandae (Ref.: P187, P227, 2797); i) Femuros repandae (Ref.: MEX: P313, 255, 256); j) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P314); k) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref.: MEX: P140); l) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P259); m) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P381); n) Loxaulus hyalinus (Ref.: MEX: 333); o) Undetermined genus (Ref.: Clark-49); p) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: P317, P318); q) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: MEX: P183); r) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P394); s) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P038)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434112/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 42a</figureCitation>
) on
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDF84FFC5773ABFA63" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDF84FFC5773ABFA63" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Q. potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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