240 lines
50 KiB
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240 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="0C09D343E24673609E70E9222522F2CF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7662bafe-daf1-4cf8-a7f3-109272465b0e" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171279" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459720046269" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Steven & Fend, V." docDate="2005" docId="039F87926D19F14DFE8EFD6FA45DFB6C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00969.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 969" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eclipidrilus palustris Smith 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFA6FFEA6D03F153FF86FFEBA533FFCA" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698208984268" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C8B00200D3C36DC099CAA33AFA9EEF2E">A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67832888D58DD65D2B2F53D50D9BC32A">Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="467B59500C43C2BE85F7E53E0391DCA8">Fend, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3D1E11F764BEEAA6E137C133FB66B6DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E057DB8738A4BA16EBAC7A67F0BBE613">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="DA0CEEDAD8288909943B8701C0C8ADCA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171279</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F87926D19F14DFE8EFD6FA45DFB6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266052" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87926D19F14DFE8EFD6FA45DFB6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87926D19F14DFE8EFD6FA45DFB6C" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D19F149FE8EFD6FA64DFD54" box="[264,894,644,670]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D19F149FE8EFD6FA64DFD54" blockId="26.[264,894,644,670]" box="[264,894,644,670]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0C181E86D19F149FE8EFD6FA64DFD54" bold="true" box="[264,894,644,670]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B942EA966D19F149FE8EFD6FA64DFD54" bold="true" box="[264,894,644,670]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D19F149FE8EFD6FA786FD54" authority="Smith, 1900" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[264,693,644,670]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palustris">
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<emphasis id="B942EA966D19F149FE8EFD6FA735FD54" bold="true" box="[264,518,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eclipidrilus palustris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D19F149FD93FD6FA79FFD54" author="Smith" box="[533,684,644,670]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Smith, F. (1900) Notes on species of North American Oligochaeta. IV. On a new lumbriculid genus from Florida, with additional notes on the nephridial and circulatory systems of Mesoporodrilus asymmetricus Smith. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 5, 459 - 479." type="journal article" year="1900">Smith, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130D2A016D19F149FD42FD6FA646FD54" box="[708,885,644,670]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStartId-0="27.[264,368,1195,1219]" captionStartId-1="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox-0="[322,1259,438,1177]" captionTargetBox-1="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[286,1279,414,1186]" captionTargetId-1="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Eclipidrilus palustris (A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B – C)." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 15–16</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D19F14FFE8EFD24A154F91C" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D19F149FE8EFD24A01FFB03" blockId="26.[264,1325,719,1225]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED: Alabama: Cleburne Co.: stream in Talladega National Forest, near Coleman Lake, collected by K. Fritz, 1 mature and 2 nearly mature, unmated worms, dissected. Florida: Polk Co.: “in a decayed stump in a marsh”,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FB82FCF4A155FCF3" box="[1028,1126,799,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1897-03">III.1897</date>
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, collected by A. Hempel, from the collection of F. Smith;
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<typeStatus id="548D88266D19F149FD6DFCACA653FCAB" box="[747,864,839,865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED27AE416D19F149FCEAFCACA6F2FCAB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[876,961,839,865]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
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0 25509. 1 sagittally sectioned, 1 transversely sectioned, 1 dissected atrium and spermatheca.
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<collectingCountry id="F32176146D19F149FC7EFC84A15FFC43" box="[1016,1132,879,905]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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Co.: Suwannee River at SR6, near Benton,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FDDCFC7CA7E6FC7B" box="[602,725,919,945]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2002-11-06">6.XI.2002</date>
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, collected by J. Epler. 2 dissected. Hamilton Co.: Roaring Creek,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FE4FFC54A77BFC13" box="[457,584,959,985]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1996-10-23">23.X.1996</date>
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, collected by J. Epler. 1 dissected. Hogan’s Branch, north of White Springs,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FE43FC0CA777FBCB" box="[453,580,999,1025]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1997-10-25">25.X.1997</date>
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, collected by J. Epler. 2 dissected. Orange Co.: Rock Springs Run, 1/
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<quantity id="4CCE9B616D19F149FED8FBE4A4ADFBE3" box="[350,414,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
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upstream of Wekiwa Springs, in shallow, sandy riffle,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FBB7FBE4A186FBE3" box="[1073,1205,1039,1065]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2002-12-03">3.XII.2002</date>
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, collected by S. Fend. 3 dissected, 1 transversely sectioned, 1 sagittally sectioned. Small tributary to Rock Springs Run, near source, in leaf deposits,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FCC9FBB4A6F4FBB3" box="[847,967,1119,1145]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2005-03-03">3.III.2005</date>
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, collected by S. Fend. 12 dissected. Tootoosahatchee Creek near Christmas, in shallow, sandy riffle,
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<date id="FF8810446D19F149FBEAFB6CA1C3FB6B" box="[1132,1264,1159,1185]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2002-12-06">6.XII.2002</date>
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, collected by S. Fend. 4 dissected, 1 sectioned, all partially mature; 1 sectioned, nearly mature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D19F149FE8EFB14A770FAD2" blockId="26.[264,1323,1279,1905]" box="[264,579,1279,1304]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B942EA966D19F149FE8EFB14A770FAD2" box="[264,579,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Supplementary description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D19F149FEBEFACCA7B9F9C3" blockId="26.[264,1323,1279,1905]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pharynx II–IV; much thinner ventrally than dorsally or laterally. Anterior segments with a single pair of highly convoluted commissural blood vessels. Each segment posterior to about X with two pairs of variably branched lateral vessels; they are highly branched in posterior segments. In middle segments, at least, one branch of the lateral vessels joins the perivisceral sinus, but others end in the coelom. Nephridia paired, single or absent on 6/7; the next on or posterior to 12/13.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D19F149FEBEF9FCA78EF933" blockId="26.[264,1323,1279,1905]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Ventral chaetal bundles in IX and X slightly medial to those in other segments; ventral chaetae in X often smaller than those in adjacent segments. Male pores distinctly medial to chaetae in X, and spermathecal pores slightly medial to ventral chaetae in IX (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A016D19F149FB29F98CA036F94B" box="[1199,1285,1639,1665]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[264,368,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[322,1259,438,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[286,1279,414,1186]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Eclipidrilus palustris (A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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A). Female pores in line with ventral chaetae at 11/12. Mature and partially mature worms with testes in X only. Anterior male funnels (on 9/10) smaller than posterior male funnels; vasa deferentia to 16 µm in diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D19F148FEBEF8ECA6F0FE94" blockId="26.[264,1323,1279,1905]" lastBlockId="27.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Internal pads of cells up to 150 µm thick cover much of the ventral body wall of X, anterior to male pores (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A016D19F149FDA4F8C4A74AF883" box="[546,633,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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A). In some specimens the ventral pads appear glandular, interspersed with muscle fibers, but in others they appear predominantly muscular. Anteriorly, some muscle fibers coalesce into a band extending to dorsolateral wall of body near 9/10 (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A016D18F148FECAFEAFA492FE94" box="[332,417,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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A). Posteriorly, some muscle fibers join 10/11.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF49660C6D18F148FE8EFB40A1BFFA87" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[322,1259,438,1177]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D18F148FE8EFB40A1BFFA87" blockId="27.[264,1323,1195,1357]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B942EA966D18F148FE8EFB40A4ABFB09" bold="true" box="[264,408,1195,1219]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D18F148FE26FB47A7B1FB09" box="[416,642,1196,1219]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palustris">
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<emphasis id="B942EA966D18F148FE26FB47A7B1FB09" box="[416,642,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eclipidrilus palustris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B–C).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D18F14FFEBEFA42A696FDEC" blockId="27.[264,1323,1449,1875]" lastBlockId="28.[264,1324,284,1750]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Each male pore within a shallow fold of thin epidermis subtending a short (60–70 µm), conical papilla, which forms a sheath surrounding the penis when protruded (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A016D18F148FB76FA3AA415F9D9" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[264,368,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[322,1259,438,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[286,1279,414,1186]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Eclipidrilus palustris (A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
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B, 16B). Ental to the papillae, deep penial sacs typically extend posteriorly into XIII. The penial sacs are not greatly contracted when the penes are protruded: the sacs were the same length (1130 µm) in one specimen with one penis extended 850 µm beyond body wall and the other retracted; in another worm one sac was 1040 µm long, with the penis extending 980 µm. In some specimens the sacs were much shorter (about 600 µm, extending into XI), with retracted penes. Each penial sac surrounded by a very thin, transversecircular inner muscle layer (often indistinct), and a 15–50 µm longitudinal to somewhat spiral outer layer (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A016D18F148FE5BF8FAA701F8E1" box="[477,562,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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C; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D18F148FD30F8FAA124F8E1" author="Brinkhurst" box="[694,1047,1809,1835]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brinkhurst [1998,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D18F148FC0BF8FAA6E1F8E1" box="[909,978,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ental end of sac bulblike, connected to a muscle band which usually joins the dorsal body wall musculature in XIV. Sac epithelium continuous with outer wall of the penis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1FF14FFC5CFEF7A02FFEFC" author="Brinkhurst" box="[986,1308,284,310]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brinkhurst [1998,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFB33FEF7A1C9FEFC" box="[1205,1274,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[269,1280,853,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1319,805,1605]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus (A, typical specimen, Hoh River, Washington), (B, Variant 2, Knappa Slough, Columbia River). A—ventrolateral view, showing spermathecae and atrium (vasa deferentia and anterior funnels not shown), from a whole mount. B—ventral view (schematic) of a whole – mounted worm with three spermathecal pores, showing positions of spermathecae and atrium. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ad—atrial duct; mf—posterior male funnel; mp—male pore; ov—ovary; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sp—spermathecal pore; ss—sperm sac; te—testis. Scale bars 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171282/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Outer and inner epithelial layers of penis joined by sparse, oblique fibers of apparent muscle tissue, particularly in ental half (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1FF14FFD2DFE87A124FE4C" author="Brinkhurst" box="[683,1047,364,390]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brinkhurst [1998
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFCFBFE87A6F1FE4C" box="[893,962,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 3A]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Outer wall of penis is a thin layer of flattened cells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1FF14FFDFDFE7FA6F4FE64" author="Brinkhurst" box="[635,967,404,430]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brinkhurst [1998,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFCDAFE7FA694FE64" box="[860,935,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lumen of penis is variably twisted in ectal part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFD94FE57A75EFE1C" box="[530,621,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[264,368,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[322,1259,438,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[286,1279,414,1186]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Eclipidrilus palustris (A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Penes may be folded or coiled within the sacs when retracted. Penial structures of worms from other sites may be much smaller than those from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D88266D1FF14FFEF5FDE7A496FDEC" box="[371,421,524,550]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, but morphology otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1FF14FFEBEFDDFA79CFBE4" blockId="28.[264,1324,284,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Inner epithelium of penis continuous with epithelium of atrial duct. Entally, the atrial duct widens into the ampulla; ampulla has thin (about 3 µm) epithelium, surrounded by two muscle layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFE6DFD6FA773FD54" box="[491,576,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
F; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1FF14FFD44FD6FA6CBFD54" author="Brinkhurst" box="[706,1016,644,670]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brinkhurst [1998
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFC14FD6FA6EAFD54" box="[914,985,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Inner atrial muscle layer thin (2–7 µm) and transversecircular; outer longitudinalspiral layer thick: about 80 µm in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D88266D1FF14FFEB5FD3FA456FD24" box="[307,357,724,750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series; 36–100 µm in worms from other sites, with fibers arranged at 30–60º from longitudinal axis of ampulla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFDE1FD17A78DFCDC" box="[615,702,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Ratio of maximum lumen width to atrial muscle tube diameter about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D1FF14FFE7DFCCFA70DFCF4" box="[507,574,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="0.3">0.3 in</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD0D6D1FF14FFDC1FCCFA7EBFCF4" box="[583,728,804,830]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D88266D1FF14FFCCBFCCFA64CFCF4" box="[845,895,804,830]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. In most Rock Springs Run specimens, the ratio varied from 0.27–0.55 (median 0.37). One exceptional specimen from that site had thinwalled, folded atrial ampullae (27 µm muscle layer and ratio 0.76); the small prostates and thick pad anterior to the male pores resembled other members of the population. Outer muscle layer fibers may be nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of ampulla in ectal part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFD83FC07A769FBCC" box="[517,602,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Prostatic cells in small, petiolate clusters 50–120 µm long cover most of ampulla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFD99FBFFA740FBE4" box="[543,627,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
F,G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1FF14FFEBEFBD7A69FFB3C" blockId="28.[264,1324,284,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Spermathecal ducts terminate in narrow vestibules, 100–250 µm deep, filled with irregular, transverse lamellae composed of elongate epithelial cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFBA1FB8FA14FFBB4" box="[1063,1148,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,368,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[315,1269,274,1534]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eclipidrilus palustris (A B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Epithelium of spermathecal ampulla thin (14–24 µm) in about the ectal 1/3–1/4; most sperm is in this area, unordered but densely packed. Remainder of ampulla with thick epithelium (about 35 µm), having basal nuclei (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1FF14FFDD8FB37A6ADFB3C" author="Brinkhurst" box="[606,926,1244,1270]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brinkhurst [1998,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFCB1FB37A64EFB3C" box="[823,893,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1FF14FFEBEFAEFA1ACF9C4" blockId="28.[264,1324,284,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In partially mature specimens, penial sacs extend only into XI, and retractor muscles appear to join the body wall musculature in XII. Penes conical, 1/3 to 2/3 the length of penial sacs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1FF14FFE1EFABFA4CAFAA4" box="[408,505,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[264,368,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[322,1259,438,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[286,1279,414,1186]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Eclipidrilus palustris (A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 16D), appearing as simple folds of sac lining and containing attenuated ectal ends of atrial ducts. Outer penial folds and glandular pads not present, but a mass of cells extends forward from base of penial structure at male pore. Atrial ampulla weakly differentiated from duct, with thick epithelium (ca. 16 µm), a thin layer of muscle, and an outer layer of loosely packed cells, some of which are in weak clusters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1FF14FFEBEF9F7A154F91C" blockId="28.[264,1324,284,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">In a nearly mature specimen, penial structures extend to 12/13, the retractor muscle to 13/14, and elongate penes extend to near the male pore. The small epidermal fold is partially formed; the pads of cells anterior to the male pores have thin cell extensions extending through the body wall musculature to the epidermis. Spermathecal vestibule similar to that of mature worm, but ampulla small, ovoid, with cuboidal epithelium.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF49660C6D1EF14EFE8EF9E4A115F895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171295/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[315,1268,283,1529]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1EF14EFE8EF9E4A115F895" blockId="29.[264,1323,1551,1887]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1EF14EFE8EF9E4A4A9F9ED" bold="true" box="[264,410,1551,1575]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D1EF14EFE25F9FBA7B4F9ED" box="[419,647,1552,1575]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1EF14EFE25F9FBA7B4F9ED" box="[419,647,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Eclipidrilus palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1EF14EFD2AF9FBA786F9ED" box="[684,693,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"></emphasis>
|
||
B, GH, from the type series, Polk Co., Florida), (C, EF, Rock Springs Run, Florida), (D, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—sagittal section of X, showing ventral pad and associated muscle. B—male pore, showing epidermal fold, with part of penis protruding; sagittal section. C—transverse section of penial structure. D—ental end of penial structure; sagittal section of a partially mature worm. E—spermathecal vestibule, from a transverse section. F—atrial ampulla, transverse section showing muscle layers and small prostate glands. Gental part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle layer diagonal to the long axis; sagittal section. Hectal part of atrial ampulla, with outer muscle parallel to long axis. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ef—epidermal fold; lm—longitudinaldiagonal muscle; mu—muscle; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac; tm—transversecircular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D1DF14DFE8EFEF7A45DFB6C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1DF14DFE8EFEF7A45DFEFF" blockId="30.[264,1324,284,1190]" box="[264,366,284,309]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1DF14DFE8EFEF7A45DFEFF" box="[264,366,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1DF14DFEBEFEAFA744FD84" blockId="30.[264,1324,284,1190]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The elongate, highly modified penes of mature worms develop from simple extensions of the atrial ducts, contained within folds in the penial sacs. The penes of partially developed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D1DF14DFECBFE7FA4E9FE67" box="[333,474,404,429]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1DF14DFECBFE7FA4E9FE67" box="[333,474,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble fully developed penes of some other lumbriculids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D1DF14DFE8EFE57A779FE1C" authority="Eisen" authorityName="Eisen" box="[264,586,444,470]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1DF14DFE8EFE57A732FE1F" box="[264,513,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Rhynchelmis rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
Eisen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1DF14DFDF8FE57A115FE1C" author="Fend" box="[638,1062,444,470]" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Fend, S. V. & Brinkhurst, R. O. (2000) New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia, 428, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="2000">Fend and Brinkhurst [2000, Fig. 57]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The highly modified cell
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D88266D1DF14DFEBAFE0FA449FE34" box="[316,378,484,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of the mature worms develop gradually as the penes lengthen within the sacs. The small epidermal folds, which resemble the penial sacs of some other lumbriculids, appear late in the development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936846D1DF14DFEBEFDB7A45DFB6C" blockId="30.[264,1324,284,1190]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The length and diameter of the penial structure in mature worms is quite variable, but does not appear strongly related to penial extension. Therefore, the extensive musculature surrounding the sac, including the ental “retractors” (or “retainers”, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1DF14DFE8EFD3FA4EDFD24" author="Brinkhurst" box="[264,478,724,750]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">Brinkhurst [1998]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), appears to provide structural rigidity rather than directly extending the penis by contracting the sac. Protrusion thus appears to result at least in part from lengthening the penis itself.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1DF14DFD9BFCCFA7C6FCF4" author="Brinkhurst" box="[541,757,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">Brinkhurst (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1DF14DFC6EFCCFA131FCF7" box="[1000,1026,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D1DF14DFB91FCCFA184FCF7" box="[1047,1207,804,829]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Premnodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1DF14DFB91FCCFA184FCF7" box="[1047,1207,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Premnodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) penis is everted during extension, but the observation that the sinuate lumen straightens during extension suggests lengthening of the surrounding tissue. A possible mechanism would be contraction of the thin muscle strands within the penis, which may increase turgor as the expanded base is contracted. The “cuticularized penis sheath” mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D1DF14DFB56FC2FA465FBCC" author="Wassell" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Wassell, J. T. (1984) Revision of the lumbriculid oligochaete Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881, with descriptions of three subgenera and Eclipidrilus (Leptodrilus) fontanus n. subg., n. sp. from Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 97, 78 - 85." type="journal article" year="1984">Wassell (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not prominent or rigid in material examined in the present study, and penes were usually somewhat coiled or even folded back within the sacs in this species as well as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D1DF14DFEA0FBD7A4A9FB9F" box="[294,410,1084,1109]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="daneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EA966D1DF14DFEA0FBD7A4A9FB9F" box="[294,410,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E. daneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The small epidermal folds were often seen in an everted state, with the short papillae visible externally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D1DF14DFDD4FB8FA798FBB4" box="[594,683,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[264,368,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[322,1259,438,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[286,1279,414,1186]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Eclipidrilus palustris (A, Hogan’s Branch, Florida), (B, Roaring Creek, Florida), (C, Tootoosahatchee Creek, Florida). A—ventral view of a highly contracted specimen, showing protruded penes. B—sagittal view of male pore with protruded penis. C—atrium and penial structure of a partially mature worm, sagittal view. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ef—epidermal fold; pe—penis; pp—penial papilla; ps—penial sac. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 100 µm (B – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171294/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B); this may be controlled by action of the retractor muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |