189 lines
30 KiB
XML
189 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="1797DBFC404EEA05B51C3D0811662E0E" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2019-0013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386203" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630303095841" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. & Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2019" docId="0396DC10BF19C214CE2FB46CE5EA1A5F" docLanguage="en" docName="2_Friis.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 75 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gastonispermum antiquum E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="176" masterDocId="FFAFA468BF0FC203CD58B635E7781C51" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1699221227565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="425E2F0ADF451EC3F78E37B1BA199C9B">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80810F1313B4F3A2790AE4C3897EB2BB">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD7B37DF95637C843E7C72E65C9C4586">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9D9E0AB38F0C48B844EB45599E08F76">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CEEF9FE6DAD44981D27396448D53154C">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2B6A8C62EA928C28D38E32C3190C85BA">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="1C00B4E360D930F2474C601D6C92953B">http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0013</mods:url>
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<subSubSection id="C3253E8DBF19C215CE2FB46CE3A31EE3" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE2FB46CE26D1EC3" blockId="22.[887,1438,601,658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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<heading id="D0C8DA6ABF19C215CE2FB46CE26D1EC3" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF19C215CE2FB46CE26D1EC3" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF19C215CE2FB46CE3C11EC1" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antiquum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF19C215CE2FB46CE3DC1E20" bold="true" box="[887,1188,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Gastonispermum antiquum</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2780C6FBF19C215C998B44FE26D1EC3" box="[1216,1301,634,658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215C962B4AFE3A31EE3" blockId="22.[1082,1243,666,690]" box="[1082,1243,666,690]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF19C215C962B4AFE3A31EE3" box="[1082,1243,666,690]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Text-fig. 14a–e</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3253E8DBF19C214CE29B4FFE5EA1A5F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B4FFE3C91F50" blockId="22.[843,1482,713,770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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H o l o t y p e. Designated here. S136736 (Torres Vedras sample 43; figured
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF19C215C940B4DCE3DC1F50" box="[1048,1188,745,769]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Text-fig. 14b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B52CE2BF1F61" blockId="22.[843,1479,793,849]" box="[881,1479,793,817]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE13B50CE3E91F00" blockId="22.[843,1479,793,849]" box="[843,1169,825,849]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">PFN000453 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B55CE3A51F90" blockId="22.[843,1481,872,961]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">P a r a t y p e s. Designated here. S136737, S136738, S170085 (Torres Vedras sample 43); S136680, S136681, S174629 (Torres Vedras sample 298).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B5ECE3501860" blockId="22.[843,1483,984,1073]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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<materialsCitation id="3B57675BBF19C215CE29B5ECE35C1860" collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EF5C3BF19C215CE29B5ECE4FB1FA1" box="[881,899,985,1008]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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<location id="8EE03BDDBF19C215C97AB5EDE23C1FA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396DC10BF19C214CE2FB46CE5EA1A5F:8EE03BDDBF19C215C97AB5EDE23C1FA1" box="[1058,1348,984,1008]" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" name="Palaeobotanical Collections" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="Stockholm">Palaeobotanical Collections</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4F77CBF19C215C809B5ECE37B1840" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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, the
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<collectingCounty id="62E1158ABF19C215C96FB5CCE2BE1840" box="[1079,1478,1017,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FBA3E4BF19C215CE13B22CE4B91860" box="[843,961,1049,1073]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF19C215CE94B22CE35C1860" box="[972,1060,1049,1073]" name="Sweden" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B27CE33618D0" blockId="22.[843,1482,1096,1153]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">E t y m o l o g y. From Latin: antiquus referring to the great age of these seeds.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B2ACE2B118E1" blockId="22.[843,1481,1176,1232]" box="[881,1481,1176,1201]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">T y p e l o c a l i t y. Torres Vedras (NE of Forte de</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE13B28CE3CE1881" blockId="22.[843,1481,1176,1232]" box="[843,1206,1207,1232]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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Forca;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF19C215CECEB282E3661881" box="[918,1054,1207,1232]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" precision="15" seconds="13" value="39.10361">39°06′13″ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF19C215C971B282E3D21881" box="[1065,1194,1207,1232]" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-9.246389">9°14′47″ W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B2DDE4A61911" blockId="22.[843,1482,1256,1344]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Lower member of the Almargem Formation; Early Cretaceous (late Barremianearly Aptian).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B36DE2791B05" blockId="22.[843,1483,1368,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">S p e c i f i c d i a g n o s i s. Isolated seeds occurring singly. Seeds small, anatropous, bitegmic and exotestal. Seed surface smooth without longitudinal ridges. Course of raphe seen as a slightly raised rounded ridge. Hilum and micropyle separated by a narrow zone of sclerenchyma. Hilar scar small, slightly raised without a hilar rim. Micropyle formed by the inner integument (tegmen) and marked on the seed surface by a Y-shaped slit through the outer integument (testa) adjacent to the hilar scar. Exotesta of palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells; mesotesta/endotesta of thin-walled parenchyma cells. Palisade-shaped cells of exotesta with evenly thickened anticlinal walls and a straight lumen. Anticlinal walls of palisade-shaped sclerenchyma strongly undulate toward the inside and toward the outside, resulting in stellate-undulate facets and a jigsaw puzzle-like pattern on the seed surface. Tegmen thin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF19C215CE29B15EE3561475" blockId="22.[843,1482,1899,2085]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">
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D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF19C215C84BB15EE4C81BF2" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antiquum">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF19C215C84BB15EE4C81BF2" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Gastonispermum antiquum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF19C215C84BB1B9E2B21B93" authority="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicum">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF19C215C84BB1B9E49A1B92" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="175">Gastonispermum portugallicum</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
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</taxonomicName>
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described from the Famalicão locality (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE10F7BF19C215C9B3B1F9E2D91BB5" author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[1259,1441,1996,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="175" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref75535" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2018 b): Extinct taxa of exotestal seeds close to Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (1 - 2): 135 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0010" type="journal article" year="2018">Friis et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
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) by its smaller size, the circular rather than elliptical shape and the thinner seed coat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF18C214CDC8B6ADE64B1C9E" blockId="23.[106,744,151,207]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">
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D i m e n s i o n s. Length of seed:
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<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF18C214CF53B6ADE5061CFE" box="[523,638,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1 mm</quantity>
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; width of seeds:
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<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF18C214CDEAB682E6571C9E" box="[178,303,183,207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="0.925" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.85">0.85–1 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF18C214CDC8B6D2E5FA1DEE" blockId="23.[106,745,231,1247]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The species is based on five isolated seeds, one of which (S174629) was studied using SRXTM. The seeds are small, anatropous, bitegmic and exotestal (
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||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF18C214CC2CB772E5661D0E" box="[372,542,327,351]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Text-fig. 14a–e</figureCitation>
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). They are almost spherical with a smooth, dull surface. On the surface the slightly raised anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells form a faint jigsaw-puzzle-shaped pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF18C214CCBFB792E50D1DEE" box="[487,629,423,447]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Text-fig. 14d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF18C214CDC8B7F2E6191F2E" blockId="23.[106,745,231,1247]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">
|
||
As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CD97B7F2E55A1D8E" box="[207,546,455,479]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF18C214CD97B7F2E55A1D8E" box="[207,546,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Gastonispermum portugallicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the micropyle and hilum are positioned close together and slightly displaced towards the raphal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF18C214CC23B432E53C1E4E" box="[379,580,519,543]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Text-fig. 14b, c, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hilum is small and circular, and the micropylar opening is seen externally as a small Y-shaped slit in the exotesta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF18C214CFD4B472E7EC1E2E" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Text-fig. 14c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The course of the raphe is not distinct on the outside of the seeds. The seed coat consists of a thick exotesta of tall palisade-shaped cells with undulate anticlinal walls, a thin mesotesta/endotesta and a crushed tegmen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF18C214CFD4B4F2E7EB1EAE" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Text-fig. 14e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Exotestal cells are about 60 µm tall over most of the seed, but this exotestal layer is thicker over the raphe (about 80 µm) and thinner towards the hilum and micropyle (Textfig. 14e). Nutritive tissue is not preserved in the specimen studied using SRXTM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF18C214CDC8B5B2E664188E" blockId="23.[106,745,231,1247]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">
|
||
Two specimens (S136748, S136749) in which the fruit wall is partly preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF18C214CC31B592E5701FEE" box="[361,520,935,959]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="25.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-2@25.[635,1446,770,1269]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386251/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Text-fig. 14f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
) provide information on the probable fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CCD0B5F2E5D61F8F" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[392,686,967,990]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antiquum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF18C214CCD0B5F2E5D61F8F" box="[392,686,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Gastonispermum antiquum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The fruits are thin-walled and each contains a single exotestal seed. In both cases, the seeds are comparable in size, shape and the jigsaw-puzzle-shaped pattern on the seed surface to the isolated seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CC2FB272E5E5180F" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[375,669,1095,1118]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antiquum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF18C214CC2FB272E5E5180F" box="[375,669,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Gastonispermum antiquum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Textfig. 14h). However, the seed cuticle appears thinner than in the isolated seeds and critical comparison is not possible because features of the micropylar-hilar region are covered by the fruit wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF18C214CDC8B2C3E5EA1A5F" blockId="23.[106,745,1270,1552]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">
|
||
A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. Seed characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CC7FB323E6A5197C" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,477,1302,1325]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF18C214CC7FB323E6A5197C" box="[295,477,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Gastonispermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly suggest a relationship to extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CC39B303E68A191F" authorityName="SALISB. ex BERCHT. et J. PRESL" authorityYear="1820" box="[353,498,1334,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Nymphaeales</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CF77B303E59D191F" authorityName="TAKHT. ex REVEAL" authorityYear="1992" box="[559,741,1334,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Austrobaileyales</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the fossils cannot be placed in any of the extant taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE10F7BF18C214CD29B343E64A19DF" author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[113,306,1398,1422]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref75535" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2018 b): Extinct taxa of exotestal seeds close to Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (1 - 2): 135 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0010" type="journal article" year="2018">Friis et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CC1DB343E51119DC" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[325,617,1398,1421]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antiquum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF18C214CC1DB343E51119DC" box="[325,617,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Gastonispermum antiquum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded only from the Torres Vedras locality. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484D3A4BF18C214CF07B3A3E5F519FF" box="[607,653,1430,1454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF18C214CC48B383E6EB19BD" authority="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gastonispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF18C214CC48B383E514199F" box="[272,620,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Gastonispermum portugallicum</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is from the Famalicão locality and is also recorded from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBA3E4BF18C214CCFEB3C3E6AD1A5F" box="[422,469,1526,1550]" country="Switzerland" name="Valais" pageId="23" pageNumber="176">Vale</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Água locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |