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<document id="BF2AE1792C4DE7CA0A246AE320AEF5B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="5275" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5101757" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626265680997" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre &amp; Dumitrica, Paulian" docDate="2021" docId="038DDA73FF9AFE3A0659FA67FCFE491D" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.15.405-573.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hollandosphaeridae Deflandre 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="418" masterDocId="FFB4A20BFF94FE350535FFD1FFF94F6C" masterDocTitle="A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts" masterLastPageNumber="573" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="417" updateTime="1699036812067" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="464EBB50885D970F23958B4DD999C6C7">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0D3DC09FF9AFE3B0659FA67FA894ABD" box="[876,1392,1462,1489]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" reason="3">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0689FA66FA894ABD" authority="Deflandre, 1973" authorityName="Deflandre" authorityYear="1973" box="[956,1392,1462,1489]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
HOLLANDOSPHAERIDAE
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B018BFA67FA894ABD" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[1214,1392,1462,1489]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1147 - 1151" refId="ref173070" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1973. - Observations et remarques sur les Radiolaires Sphaerellaires du Paleozoique, a propos d'une nouvelle espece, viseenne, du genre Foremaniella Defl., parfait intermediaire entre les Periaxoplastidies et les Pylentonemides. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), Serie D: Sciences Naturelles 276 (2): 1147 - 1151. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5803214 k / f 1307. image. r = Foremaniella" type="journal article" year="1973">Deflandre, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9AFE3B0618FA20FAB14873" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618FA20FC60494F" blockId="14.[811,1453,1520,1571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF9AFE3B0618FA20FC60494F" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9AFE3B0618FA20FB2B4964" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[813,1234,1520,1545]" page="1151" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0618FA20FB2B4964" authority="Deflandre, 1973: 1151" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityPageNumber="1151" authorityYear="1151" box="[813,1234,1520,1545]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
Hollandosphaeridae
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B06C1FA20FB2B4964" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[1012,1234,1520,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1147 - 1151" refId="ref173070" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1973. - Observations et remarques sur les Radiolaires Sphaerellaires du Paleozoique, a propos d'une nouvelle espece, viseenne, du genre Foremaniella Defl., parfait intermediaire entre les Periaxoplastidies et les Pylentonemides. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), Serie D: Sciences Naturelles 276 (2): 1147 - 1151. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5803214 k / f 1307. image. r = Foremaniella" type="journal article" year="1973">Deflandre, 1973: 1151</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9AFE3B01C2FA20FC6C494F" author="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M." page="288" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B01C2FA20FC6C494F" author="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="283 - 295" refId="ref170614" refString="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M. 1985. - 2. Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., HUTNER S. H. &amp; BOVEE E. C. (eds), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence Kansas: 283 - 295." type="book chapter" year="1985">Cachon &amp; Cachon 1985: 288</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618F9EDFC1549E5" blockId="14.[813,1455,1596,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
Coscinommida
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B06FCF9EDFB724938" author="HAECKEL E." box="[969,1163,1596,1620]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 208</bibRefCitation>
[
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B01ACF9ECFAD04938" box="[1177,1321,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">nomen dubium</emphasis>
, as a subfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0642F987FBAA4902" author="WISNIOWSKI T." box="[887,1107,1622,1646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="657 - 702" refId="ref201742" refString="WISNIOWSKI T. 1889. - Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mikrofauna aus den oberjurassischen Feuersteinknollen der Umgegend von Krakau. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt 38 (1888) (4): 657 - 702. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35577010" type="journal article" year="1889">Wisniowski 1889: 684</bibRefCitation>
[as a subfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B002DF987FCBF49E5" author="SCHRODER O." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. &amp; APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 16</bibRefCitation>
[as a subfamily].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618F973FADE49B8" blockId="14.[813,1455,1697,1748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
Coscinomminae –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B06EEF973FB1649D5" author="CAMPBELL A. S. &amp; CLARK B. L." box="[987,1263,1697,1722]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref170861" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. &amp; CLARK B. L. 1944 a. - Radiolaria from Upper Cretaceous of Middle California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 57: 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 57" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell &amp; Clark 1944a: 15</bibRefCitation>
[
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B01CFF973FA7D49D6" box="[1274,1412,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">nomen dubium</emphasis>
]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0618F96DFBBF49B8" author="CLARK B. L. &amp; CAMPBELL A. S." box="[813,1094,1724,1748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref172530" refString="CLARK B. L. &amp; CAMPBELL A. S. 1945. - Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America, Memoir 101: i-vii, 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / MEM 10" type="journal article" year="1945">Clark &amp; Campbell 1945: 16</bibRefCitation>
. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0145F96DFADA49B8" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[1136,1315,1724,1748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 94</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618F93CFAB14873" blockId="14.[812,1455,1773,1823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF9AFE3B0618F93CFAB14873" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9AFE3B0618F93CFB134869" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[813,1258,1773,1797]" page="68" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" year="1960">
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0618F93CFB134869" ID-CoL="7NHSD" authority="Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960: 68" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1960" box="[813,1258,1773,1797]" class="Asteroidea" family="Heliasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Heliasteridae
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0687F93CFB134869" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[946,1258,1773,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960: 68</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 86, 91 [unavailable name] (=
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B06BEF8D6FBAD4873" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1151" box="[907,1108,1799,1823]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hollandosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
). — Anderson 1983: 50.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9AFE3B0618F8E8FB924887" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618F8E8FB8A48E9" blockId="14.[813,1455,1848,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9AFE3B0618F8E8FCA64822" box="[813,863,1849,1872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">TYPE</typeStatus>
GENUS. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B06E8F8E9FA8A483C" authority="Deflandre, 1973: 1150" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityPageNumber="1150" authorityYear="1150" box="[989,1395,1848,1872]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B06E8F8E9FB79483C" box="[989,1152,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B01B2F8E9FA8A483C" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[1159,1395,1848,1872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1147 - 1151" refId="ref173070" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1973. - Observations et remarques sur les Radiolaires Sphaerellaires du Paleozoique, a propos d'une nouvelle espece, viseenne, du genre Foremaniella Defl., parfait intermediaire entre les Periaxoplastidies et les Pylentonemides. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), Serie D: Sciences Naturelles 276 (2): 1147 - 1151. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5803214 k / f 1307. image. r = Foremaniella" type="journal article" year="1973">Deflandre, 1973: 1150</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9AFE3B00B4F8E8FA56483D" box="[1409,1455,1849,1873]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">type</typeStatus>
species by monotypy; ICZN 1999: art. 67.8:
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B01D1F882FB9148E9" authority="Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960: 92" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1960" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Heliaster" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hexagonium">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B01D1F882FA574807" box="[1252,1454,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Heliaster hexagonium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0618F8BCFB9148E9" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[813,1128,1901,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960: 92</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618F84FFB924887" blockId="14.[813,1457,1950,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
<collectionCode id="ED35F3A0FF9AFE3B0618F84FFC6A48D8" box="[813,915,1950,1973]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">INCLUDED</collectionCode>
GENERA. —
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B012CF84FFB6448DA" box="[1049,1181,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Anomalosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0196F84FFCAF48BC" author="LOEBLICH A. R. &amp; TAPPAN H." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="213 - 234" refId="ref185464" refString="LOEBLICH A. R. &amp; TAPPAN H. 1961. - Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new validated genera. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington 74: 213 - 234. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42295598" type="journal article" year="1961">Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1961: 223</bibRefCitation>
. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B06B7F869FAF648BC" authority="Deflandre, 1973: 1150" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityPageNumber="1150" authorityYear="1150" box="[898,1295,1976,2000]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B06B7F869FBE648BC" box="[898,1055,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B011DF869FAF648BC" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[1064,1295,1976,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1147 - 1151" refId="ref173070" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1973. - Observations et remarques sur les Radiolaires Sphaerellaires du Paleozoique, a propos d'une nouvelle espece, viseenne, du genre Foremaniella Defl., parfait intermediaire entre les Periaxoplastidies et les Pylentonemides. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), Serie D: Sciences Naturelles 276 (2): 1147 - 1151. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5803214 k / f 1307. image. r = Foremaniella" type="journal article" year="1973">Deflandre, 1973: 1150</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0008F869FB9F4887" authority="Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960: 92" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1960" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Tetrapetalon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0008F869FA4848BC" box="[1341,1457,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Tetrapetalon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0618F802FB9F4887" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[813,1126,2003,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960: 92</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A05B1FF09FDE44E01" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FF09FECD4E65" blockId="15.[132,775,215,265]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
NOMINA DUBIA. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A040DFF09FE524F83" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[312,427,216,239]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Coscinomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A040DFF09FE524F83" box="[312,427,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Coscinomma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A048DFF09FDA14F83" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[440,600,216,239]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Coscinommarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A048DFF09FDA14F83" box="[440,600,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Coscinommarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0757FF06FCF84F83" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[610,769,215,239]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Coscinommidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0757FF06FCF84F83" box="[610,769,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Coscinommidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A05B1FF23FED74E65" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,302,242,265]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Coscinommonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05B1FF23FED74E65" box="[132,302,242,265]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Coscinommonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FEF1FDE44E01" blockId="15.[131,775,288,365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
JUNIOR HOMONYMS. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A044FFEF0FCFE4E54" authority="Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityYear="1960" box="[378,775,288,312]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Heterosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A044FFEF0FE114E54" box="[378,488,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Heterosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A04DAFEF1FCFE4E54" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[495,775,288,312]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05A8FEEBFEE44E3E" box="[157,285,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Anomalosoma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A041FFEEAFEB14E3E" box="[298,328,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">nec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0479FEEBFE214E3E" author="SCHAUM H. R." box="[332,472,314,338]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="333 - 426" refId="ref196170" refString="SCHAUM H. R. 1845. - Observations critiques sur la famille des lamellicorns melitophiles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 2 eme Serie 2: 333 - 426. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8292089" type="journal article" year="1845">Schaum, 1845</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A04EBFEEBFF4F4E01" ID-CoL="84NZJ" authority="Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityYear="1960" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Heliaster" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A04EBFEEBFDD64E3E" box="[478,559,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Heliaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0703FEEBFF4F4E01" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">Hollande &amp; Enjumet, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A05EDFE84FE8C4E01" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[216,373,341,365]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05EDFE84FE8C4E01" box="[216,373,341,365]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A04B1FE87FE5B4E01" box="[388,418,342,365]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">nec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A049DFE84FDE04E01" author="GRAY J. E." box="[424,537,341,365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref178749" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - XXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6: 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A05B1FE52FD874CE2" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FE52FE6D4D68" blockId="15.[130,777,387,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">DIAGNOSIS. — One spherical shell with a honeycomb structure and fine internal spicules originating in a center. Architecture of fine internal spicules are variable among genera. Many by-spines or more than eight fine radial spines are present. Neither robust radial beams or spines are present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FDD9FCF14C31" blockId="15.[130,777,387,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
As for
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A05F5FDD9FEA14D4C" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[192,344,520,544]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05F5FDD9FEA14D4C" box="[192,344,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a reddish endoplasm occupies a large portion inside the cortical shell. Hundreds of algal symbionts are scattered along important pseudopodia which radiate throughout the shell. A straight robust axoflagellum appears.
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A04D1FD86FDAA4D03" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityYear="1960" box="[484,595,599,623]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Tetrapetalon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A04D1FD86FDAA4D03" box="[484,595,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Tetrapetalon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possesses algal symbionts. In the axopodial system of periaxoplastid-type: the axoplast is located outside of the nucleus and is attached on a side of the nucleus. Axonemes cross the nucleus through nucleus membrane tunnels and form a thick bundle of axonemes in the intracapsular zone. This thick bundle forms an axoflagellum. The axoplast either encloses the Median Bar (MB) or a relevant structure of the initial spicular system. Conversely, it may be attached on MB or a relevant structure. The nucleus is situated inside the central structure or encloses it. Bundles of axonemes extend to the opposite side of MB or a relevant structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FCA7FD874CE2" blockId="15.[132,638,886,910]" box="[132,638,886,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Holocene-Living.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A05B1FC69FCFE491D" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FC69FF114CBC" blockId="15.[130,776,952,1649]" box="[132,232,952,978]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A05B1FC08FCFE491D" blockId="15.[130,776,952,1649]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
A precise determination of
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A049DFC09FD874C9E" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1151" box="[424,638,984,1010]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hollandosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
relies on the internal structure, but the honeycomb structure of the spherical shell is useful in specifying possible Hollandosphaeridaetaxa. The shell is so fragile that reliable fossil records have not been reported yet. Classical representatives of
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A076FFB89FD204B1E" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[602,729,1112,1138]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Cenosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A076FFB89FD204B1E" box="[602,729,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Cenosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A05B7FBA9FEDA4BFE" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityYear="1899" box="[130,291,1144,1170]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Acanthosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05B7FBA9FEDA4BFE" box="[130,291,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Acanthosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, currently
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0494FBA9FDCB4BFE" box="[417,562,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Ethmosphaera</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0775FBA9FCF94BFF" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[576,768,1144,1171]" class="Polycystina" family="Ethmosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">Ethmosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0587FB49FDF84BDF" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[178,513,1176,1203]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Rhaphidocapsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0587FB49FEB24BDE" box="[178,331,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Rhaphidocapsa</emphasis>
(Actinommidae)
</taxonomicName>
in the catalogue, may be mixed with members of
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A04B1FB69FDA34BBE" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1151" box="[388,602,1208,1234]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hollandosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
(see remarks for
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A05B6FB06FED04B9E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[131,297,1239,1266]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">Actinommidae</taxonomicName>
). Internal skeletal structure is illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A05B3FB26FECB4A7D" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[134,306,1271,1297]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05B3FB26FECB4A7D" box="[134,306,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A040AFB29FDF44A7E" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." box="[319,525,1271,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" refId="ref200909" refString="VAN DE PAVERD P. J. 1995. - Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition [PhD Thesis]: Free University, 351 p." type="book" year="1995">van de Paverd 1995</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 20, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0793FB26FF0E4A5D" author="ONODERA J. &amp; OKAZAKI Y. &amp; TAKAHASHI K. &amp; OKAMURA K. &amp; MURAYAMA M." pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="39 - 61" refId="ref190373" refString="ONODERA J., OKAZAKI Y., TAKAHASHI K., OKAMURA K. &amp; MURAYAMA M. 2011. - Distribution of polycystine Radiolaria, Phaeodaria and Acantharia in the Kuroshio Current off Shikoku Island and Tosa Bay during Cruise KT 07 - 19 in August 2007. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Earth and Planetary Sciences 32 (3): 39 - 61. https: // catalog. lib. kyushu-u. ac. jp / opac _ download _ md / 19196 / p 039. pdf" type="journal article" year="2011">
Onodera
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05B1FAC9FF404A5D" box="[132,185,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3, fig. 3). Living or protoplasmic image was published for
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A043AFAE6FE4F4A3D" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[271,438,1335,1361]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A043AFAE6FE4F4A3D" box="[271,438,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A04F3FAE6FD784A3D" author="PROBERT I. &amp; SIANO R. &amp; POIRIER C. &amp; DECELLE J. &amp; BIARD T. &amp; TUJI A. &amp; SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F." box="[454,641,1335,1361]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="388 - 399" refId="ref193071" refString="PROBERT I., SIANO R., POIRIER C., DECELLE J., BIARD T., TUJI A., SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F. 2014. - Brandtodinium gen. nov. and B. nutricula comb. Nov. (Dinophyceae), a dinoflagellate commonly found in symbiosis with polycystine radiolarians. Journal of Phycology 50 (2): 388 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12174" type="journal article" year="2014">
Probert
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A072DFAE9FDB14A3D" box="[536,584,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
: S1, Vil 217, S2, VER 1;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0430FA86FE254A1E" author="SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F." box="[261,476,1367,1394]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="179 - 222" refId="ref198324" refString="SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F. 2015. - Biology and Ecology of Radiolaria, in OHTSUKA S., SUZAKI T., HORIGUCHI T., SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F. (eds), Marine Protists: Diversity and Dynamics. Springer Japan: 179 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 4 - 431 - 55130 - 0 _ 8" type="book chapter" year="2015">
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0430FA86FEB44A1D" authority="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[261,333,1367,1393]" family="Suzuki" pageId="15" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki</taxonomicName>
&amp; Not 2015
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8.8.9) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A07BCFA86FCFE4A1D" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityYear="1960" box="[649,775,1367,1393]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Tetrapetalon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A07BCFA86FCFE4A1D" box="[649,775,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Tetrapetalon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Anderson
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05C3FAA9FEDF4AFD" box="[246,294,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
1998: pl. 1, fig.1). Fine protoplasmic structure is illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A041CFA46FE2A4ADD" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[297,467,1431,1457]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A041CFA46FE2A4ADD" box="[297,467,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A04D6FA46FCF94ADD" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[483,768,1431,1457]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A04D6FA46FDBF4ADD" box="[483,582,1431,1457]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
&amp; Enjumet 1960
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2, figs 5-8; pl. 6, fig. 11; pl. 7, fig. 6; pl. 39, figs 1-5; pl. 41, figs 1, 2) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0426FA06FE684A9D" authorityName="Hollande &amp; Enjumet" authorityYear="1960" box="[275,401,1495,1521]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Tetrapetalon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0426FA06FE684A9D" box="[275,401,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Tetrapetalon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0494FA06FD3B4A9C" author="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M." box="[417,706,1494,1521]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. &amp; ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A0494FA06FDFC4A9D" box="[417,517,1495,1521]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
&amp; Enjumet 1960
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1, fig. 10; pl. 41, fig. 4; Anderson
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A04EAFA26FDED497C" box="[479,532,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
1998: pls 1, 2). Some genera may not have been formally described yet (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A07E2F9C7FF17493C" author="ITAKI T. &amp; KIM S. &amp; RELLA S. F. &amp; UCHIDA M. &amp; TADA R. &amp; KHIM B. - K." pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="127 - 144" refId="ref182071" refString="ITAKI T., KIM S., RELLA S. F., UCHIDA M., TADA R. &amp; KHIM B. - K. 2012. - Millennial-scale variations of late Pleistocene radiolarian assemblages in the Bering Sea related to environments in shallow and deep waters. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 61 - 64: 127 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2011.03.002" type="journal article" year="2012">
Itaki
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A05B1F9E6FF4D493C" box="[132,180,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2, fig. 3). Algal symbionts of
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A070FF9E7FD18493C" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[570,737,1590,1616]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A070FF9E7FD18493C" box="[570,737,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0433F987FDF1491C" box="[262,520,1622,1648]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Thoracosphaeraceae" genus="Brandtodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thoracosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="nutricula">
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0433F987FDF1491C" box="[262,520,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Brandtodinium nutricula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A071BF987FCFB491D" author="PROBERT I. &amp; SIANO R. &amp; POIRIER C. &amp; DECELLE J. &amp; BIARD T. &amp; TUJI A. &amp; SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F." box="[558,770,1622,1649]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="388 - 399" refId="ref193071" refString="PROBERT I., SIANO R., POIRIER C., DECELLE J., BIARD T., TUJI A., SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F. 2014. - Brandtodinium gen. nov. and B. nutricula comb. Nov. (Dinophyceae), a dinoflagellate commonly found in symbiosis with polycystine radiolarians. Journal of Phycology 50 (2): 388 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12174" type="journal article" year="2014">
Probert
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A07B7F986FD4A491C" box="[642,691,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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