189 lines
19 KiB
XML
189 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="230814BB6D5F2295210FFB68FE6F5E7E" ID-CLB-Dataset="32130" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7db5cdc-51c3-4c2d-be5d-a8c11f59c09a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="892295" ID-ZooBank="1Ecf4C4A-09Ca-42B4-A105-67Dec7863Fe5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505197532531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilson, Joseph S." docDate="2017" docId="ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4319.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4319 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma macswaini Ferguson 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="114B155CFFABFFCAFFC8FFA3FFE83C49" masterDocTitle="Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="367" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698468326392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CD48D9A4FE6D1BD0FD63E5BE7A5C6C4E">Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FEDFC5523EFA8A37FF76C2FD15752378">Wilson, Joseph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4F4BDC5477614E74624342D6869CE1AA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69C4D5C67DAE8F0A34AEACD7E0B1F7E0">
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<mods:date id="6EBAEEEE91954E9A57C446F3B0F05520">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="58A19205A0061BA1D6915ADEB52AFE62">2017-12-12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7E7EFA6E5BEDA7B483745347700AEBFF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032659" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134031423" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB2FFD3FF5FF8F6FD453B26" box="[151,685,1877,1903]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF5FF8F6FD453B26" blockId="25.[151,685,1877,1903]" box="[151,685,1877,1903]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
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<heading id="3E2C6B5EFFB2FFD3FF5FF8F6FD453B26" bold="true" box="[151,685,1877,1903]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB2FFD3FF5FF8F6FD453B26" authority="Ferguson, 1967" authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,685,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macswaini">
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||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FF5FF8F6FD453B26" bold="true" box="[151,685,1877,1903]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FF5FF8F6FE0F3B26" bold="true" box="[151,487,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Sphaeropthalma macswaini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FE26F8F6FD453B26" author="Ferguson" box="[494,685,1877,1903]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB2FFD3FF5FF83FFC9D3B99" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF5FF83FFC9D3B99" blockId="25.[151,1436,1948,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
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<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB2FFD3FF5FF83FFC9D3B99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341847" collectionCode="NMNH" county="Nye County" location="Nye County" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB2FFD3FF5FF83FFCE13BFB" authority="Ferguson, 1967" authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,777,1948,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macswaini" subGenus="Micromutilla">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FF5FF83FFED53BFB" box="[151,317,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FE99F83FFE3E3BFB" box="[337,470,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Micromutilla</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FE22F83EFDBE3BFB" box="[490,598,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">macswaini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FDABF83EFCE13BFB" author="Ferguson" box="[611,777,1948,1970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bul., Biol. Ser. 8, no. 4: 12.
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<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFFB2FFD3FA4AF83EFA7F3BFB" box="[1410,1431,1949,1970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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.
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<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB2FFD3FF0FF819FECD3B99" box="[199,293,1978,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data:
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FEABF819FE5B3B99" box="[355,435,1978,2000]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFFB2FFD3FE75F818FDD03B99" box="[445,568,1978,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Nye County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="74D6C510FFB2FFD3FD8BF819FCE13B99" box="[579,777,1978,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
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<quantity id="A22371D7FFB2FFD3FD8BF819FD6C3B99" box="[579,644,1978,2000]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3796224" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" unit="mi" value="2.1">2.1 mi</quantity>
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NE Mercury
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</locationDeviation>
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(
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<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB2FFD3FCDEF819FC813B99" box="[790,873,1978,2000]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">NMNH</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB1FFD0FF5FFF34FAA33D09" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB1FFD0FF5FFF34FAA33D09" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF5FFF34FE983CF9" bold="true" box="[151,368,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
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This species has distinctive tridentate mandibles that are deeply excised ventrally and the apex is vertical and greatly dilated, which is similar to species of
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB1FFD0FC98FF1FFC193C9D" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[848,1009,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Acrophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FC98FF1FFC193C9D" box="[848,1009,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Acrophotopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB1FFD0FBE4FF1FFB213C9D" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[1068,1225,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Dilophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FBE4FF1FFB213C9D" box="[1068,1225,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Dilophotopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but more so than other species at Deep Canyon (see Pitts
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FD97FF42FD7A3CB1" box="[607,658,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010a: Fig. 24). Additionally, the clypeus is distinctly elongate and projects anteriorly and the genitalia have a distinctively shaped curved cuspis that bears a large seta filled pit (see Pitts
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF18FE8AFEE93D09" box="[208,257,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010a: Fig. 58). This species sometimes has weak mesosternal processes located anteromedially.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB1FFD0FF0FFEE8FE4A3D2C" box="[199,418,331,357]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB1FFD0FF0FFEE8FE4A3D2C" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,418,331,357]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
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||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF0FFEE8FECD3D2D" bold="true" box="[199,293,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Female.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB1FFD0FF0FFECCFE6F3D99" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB1FFD0FF0FFECCFE6F3D99" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
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||
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB1FFD0FF0FFECCFE9E3DE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341851" collectingDate="1964-08-24" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="W. E. Ferguson" county="Nye County" location="Material" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF0FFECCFE5F3DC1" bold="true" box="[199,439,367,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
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||
<location id="60048AE9FFB1FFD0FF0FFECCFEC73DC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85:60048AE9FFB1FFD0FF0FFECCFEC73DC1" box="[199,303,367,392]" county="Nye County" name="Material" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" stateProvince="Nevada">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB1FFD0FE0DFECCFDC53DC1" box="[453,557,367,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
data:
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||
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB1FFD0FDB7FECCFD3F3DC1" box="[639,727,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFFB1FFD0FD22FED3FC933DC1" box="[746,891,368,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Nye County</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<locationDeviation id="74D6C510FFB1FFD0FC44FED3FB953DC1" box="[908,1149,367,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
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||
<quantity id="A22371D7FFB1FFD0FC44FED3FC323DC1" box="[908,986,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3796224" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" unit="mi" value="2.1">2.1 mi</quantity>
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NE Mercury
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="0121031AFFB1FFD0FB58FED3FABB3DC1" box="[1168,1363,367,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" value="1964-08-24">
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||
<date id="1165FAF2FFB1FFD0FB58FED3FABB3DC1" box="[1168,1363,367,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" value="1964-08-24">24 August 1964</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFB1FFD0FAADFED3FF173DE4" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">W.E. Ferguson</collectorName>
|
||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB1FFD0FED9FE37FE853DE5" box="[273,365,404,428]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">NMNH</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
. JTNP:
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||
<date id="1165FAF2FFB1FFD0FE1FFE37FD603DE4" box="[471,648,404,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" value="2012-07-18" valueMax="2012-07-21" valueMin="2012-07-18">18–21.Jul.2012</date>
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||
: 1 ♂ N1; 27 ♂ T.
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||
<date id="1165FAF2FFB1FFD0FCA7FE37FBC73DE4" box="[879,1071,404,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" value="2012-08-26" valueMax="2012-08-28" valueMin="2012-08-26">26–28.Aug.2012</date>
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||
: 2 ♂ N1; 5 ♂ T; 8 ♂ S1.
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||
<date id="1165FAF2FFB1FFD0FABAFE37FECF3D99" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" value="2012-09-22" valueMax="2012-09-24" valueMin="2012-09-22">22– 24.Sep.2012</date>
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: 2 ♂ S1.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB1FFD0FF0FFE7FFB043E5E" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB1FFD0FF0FFE7FFC823DBC" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,874,476,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF0FFE7FFE883DBC" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB1FFD0FEAFFE7FFE773DBD" box="[359,415,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB1FFD0FE66FE7FFDE53DBC" box="[430,525,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB1FFD0FDDFFE7FFD643DBC" box="[535,652,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB1FFD0FD5FFE7FFD073DBC" box="[663,751,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB1FFD0FCE2FE7FFC8A3DBC" box="[810,866,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB1FFD0FF0FFE5CFB043E5E" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,1260,511,536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF0FFE5CFEC33E51" bold="true" box="[199,299,511,536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Activity.</emphasis>
|
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This species is seemingly active throughout the season but is somewhat rare at JTNP.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB1FFD0FF0FFD87FA673E85" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB1FFD0FF0FFD87FA673E85" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FF0FFD87FED33E74" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The clypeus of this species is diagnostic (Pitts
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FC80FD86FC683E75" box="[840,896,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010a). However, it is elongate and the extreme apex overlies the greatly dilated and deeply excised mandibles, but does not obscure them. Additional taxonomy for this species is presented by Pitts
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FDFCFDCEFD853ECD" box="[564,621,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010a). This species is in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB1FFD0FC18FDCFFBA03ECD" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1905" box="[976,1096,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FC18FDCFFBA03ECD" box="[976,1096,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">S. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB1FFD0FB33FDCFFF393EE1" author="Pitts" pageId="26" pageNumber="355" refString="Pitts, J. P. & Sadler, E. A. (2015) Description of a new species and species-group of Sphaeropthalma Blake (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with an updated classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (2), 282 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Pitts & Sadler 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it seems to be more abundant in the southern extent of the Mojave (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB1FFD0FBDCFD2CFB823EE1" box="[1044,1130,655,680]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,727,750]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance by species at JTNP and Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge (AMWR)." pageId="26" pageNumber="355">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB1FFD0FB58FD33FB763EE1" box="[1168,1182,656,680]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="35.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of various sites from faunal studies: Ferguson (1967), Allred (1973), Pitts et al. (2009, 2010 a) and Boehme et al. (2012). Algodones = Algodones Sand Dunes (Sonoran Desert), Deep Canyon = Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center (Sonoran Desert), JTNP = Joshua Tree National Park (Sonoran and Mojave deserts), AMNWR = Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (Mojave Desert) and NTS = the Nevada Test Site (Mojave Desert and Great Basin Desert).? = may be found in this location with further collecting." pageId="26" pageNumber="355">3</tableCitation>
|
||
) and into the Sonoran Desert (e.g. Pitts
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FE90FD16FE793E85" box="[344,401,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010a; Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB1FFD0FD89FD16FD923E85" box="[577,634,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010). For this study, it was collected only around the transition zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |