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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="942BA6B5BB387C1E17E0FBFE5F266D17" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Apodemus witherbyi Thomas 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1279" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1279" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D2DD78D6B8BAE94A144513EEE12EFB7E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5A0BA2793B140E6C2926AE373E5D93D3">
<mods:title id="C87576130B63DE7EA7DFED00C63D5B3E">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2CC68942350B4C80CAA8899415B80B32" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5390FBB6878250502A2AA44C65117A3F">
<mods:roleTerm id="1A58ED11FA288BF1ABFF1A58A548BA88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="91D945E48F707430A2B169B923309968">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="89BD3388968B245CF1DF5F7409303114" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7B25111918198902D8AF8A3C99B1C55D">
<mods:roleTerm id="4AACD9D28F8B59D67BC2B213659B74C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="05D2AB88D0466F4A674663B2137C5F91">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="930252131AA85C7708DBF4A08538C6BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5068A3318E72636BE390200806A5A0CE">2005</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="1F63918C4456027BC3246AC4B9DF1B59">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="C82341133A764130E8ABDAE17E295075">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="F19CA54D4225DBEA626A217826774612">
<mods:title id="C33DAD3E5448EA5E9166A90F527A4754">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="344CFFF2866AF8A403BBA5A3D50B5B8A">
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<mods:classification id="71892C726DEA5D0B411C8E82D53E26B8">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2690DDEE5FDD2D00BC5C1DF4BA08AA73" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C7BDFA2FA38B2719938D6DB722CDDDC7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="942BA6B5BB387C1E17E0FBFE5F266D17" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:942BA6B5BB387C1E17E0FBFE5F266D17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/942BA6B5BB387C1E17E0FBFE5F266D17" lastPageNumber="1279" pageNumber="1279" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001223">
<subSubSection id="6269D886D74CF15A6D99796F5482F6FF" pageNumber="1279" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5FAD9D436D487A8CE1223E961839712D" pageNumber="1279">
<taxonomicName id="31C60E0F0A0AC88CFEEB61C373A81FD2" ID-CoL="FRJM" authority="Thomas 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="3D55B63903FE33F2CDF3C00E569D575B" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus witherbyi</emphasis>
Thomas 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3EA86D82C9345192D9828047D5091A7F" pageNumber="1279" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="92798309AF464F2B9B90EA9D82DB5E9C" pageNumber="1279">
<treatmentCitation id="959D72D1AE8EA084C4E8A65525D4C2B6" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="490" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi" title="Apodemus witherbyi" volume="10" year="1902">
<taxonomicName id="F6E91755E3DEEC8A7336BE90F00E56BA" ID-CoL="FRJM" authority="Thomas 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="9C09FB2CCA83695FD52ED3761BF7A69B" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus witherbyi</emphasis>
Thomas 1902
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="F8505FD1D323F9694ACDB9F99D360DD6" author="Thomas" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7" pageNumber="1279" pagination="490" title="Apodemus witherbyi" volume="10" year="1902">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 10: 490</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDDFEF875B79768EE87FB1C2C5EBF2F6" pageNumber="1279" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3CA9FC79FB5E26B78C7DCF167D9D82F4" pageNumber="1279">
<emphasis id="FD9F735C1A8E37B506891018E8E48329" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1279">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7B359E8F1A7523154035EEEE2D73A2F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324565" country="Iran" pageNumber="1279" stateProvince="Fars">
S
<collectingCountry id="CFC80D3CC45FFF07E980774350B3BB9C" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="66055AD26584B24E4ED09CF2976AEF78" country="Iran" name="Fars">Fars Province</collectingRegion>
, Shul (see
<bibRefCitation id="4927108A425DE920DCABCE74576C6FC3" author="Lay, D. M." refId="ref207358" refString="Lay, D. M. 1967. A study of the mammals of Iran resulting from the Street expedition of 1962 - 63. Fieldiana: Zoology, 54: 1 - 282." year="1967">Lay, 1967</bibRefCitation>
, for coordinates).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75B795A45353AD01D2F030B775D4E71E" pageNumber="1279" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C68CF3F47B2791EB8E264C9C8F86847B" pageNumber="1279">
<emphasis id="259D5C32B6FDF3FEC3C625838C161018" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1279">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="AC976212497FFE92CDFDD838644F651A" language="eng" pageNumber="1279">Steppe Field Mouse</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3B3AE8E8BEF030B25040F03BABB0149" pageNumber="1279" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="0C38964FA0EF87F8883EA30F80F2E295" pageNumber="1279">
<emphasis id="8CEEE5421AAB6058320F531071802149" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1279">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C44BFDAE3A6646CA3BFFDE4549C0A555" authority="Bate 1942" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caessareanus">
<emphasis id="4B3D02947926E185CE35203BD25F0954" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus caessareanus</emphasis>
Bate 1942
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="17DF2FCD6C1A6C0E1FF9670F7EA04452" authority="(Ognev and Heptner 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Ognev and Heptner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chorassanicus">
<emphasis id="0BBFD9BF1583C0C8A53BD2E554CBEF69" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus chorassanicus</emphasis>
(Ognev and Heptner 1928)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F27FEF3B3D05953A7079E57C27CA25AA" authority="Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk 1989" authorityName="Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falzfeini">
<emphasis id="FDADA996A13294B2BCE31109EB910835" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus falzfeini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5EF7633A2730B5681FCD31637496E94A" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; I. V. Zagorodnyuk" refId="ref239961" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and I. V. Zagorodnyuk. 1989. Novi vid myshei roda Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) [New species of mouse of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae)]. Vestnik Zoologii, 4: 55 - 59 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1989">Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="CB7525B6B8BE9C85CC47CDBCF48F0ACF" authority="(Ognev 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="3319EFA43D6CF77DC07EB1BF9E547DCF" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus fulvipectus</emphasis>
(Ognev 1924)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0F65873A09D77680E8C90F069849D264" authority="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo 1989" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="3C5F78B50A19EAF98F80C571C7B9D855" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus hermonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A358E69B46DBC842ED4A2B71F588A4FE" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; S. Simson &amp; E. Nevo" refId="ref101438" refString="Filippucci, M. G., S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1989. Evolutionary biology of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 in Israel. Allozymic and biometric analyses with description of a new species: Apodemus hermonensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 56: 361 - 376." year="1989">Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2FA755700F1984BF65C0EE6AD78E3CF1" authority="Heptner 1948" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iconicus">
<emphasis id="D76EF3DF781F4603D81853BF692DF54E" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus iconicus</emphasis>
Heptner 1948
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="176A446261385D1644137D90AF793915" authority="Kretzoi 1964" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kilikiae">
<emphasis id="2BC18CF70007B89AC6C9A4204555EAEB" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus kilikiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F22C6266D4EAAE600E26161390B5B44" author="Kretzoi, M." refId="ref198193" refString="Kretzoi, M. 1964. Uber einige homonyme und synonyme Saugetiernamen. Vertebrata Hungarica, 6 (1 - 2): 131 - 138." year="1964">Kretzoi 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="742C53A16DD845A1744B493E68178125" authority="(Sviridenko 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Sviridenko" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planicola">
<emphasis id="4C2D537A1E13337F140C262FB2207416" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus planicola</emphasis>
(Sviridenko 1936)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9F5AEA45470EB31315BCCAA3C130F53F" authority="Krassovsky 1929" authorityName="Krassovsky" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="F76772F1B4B3C06EF8F34EB2537CC256" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus saxatilis</emphasis>
Krassovsky 1929
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="1F2D2777C8B78C0E6B88BDB34EF6A63C" authority="(Sviridenko 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Sviridenko" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="D05481C3365B17EAD3D0FE4F2FB3D28A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus saxatilis</emphasis>
(Sviridenko 1936)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A5152467BF4CD17540F5BE248A5AF70F" authority="(Barret-Hamilton 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Barret-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauricus">
<emphasis id="871C6B7937C3819D85E046FDCE64A176" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus tauricus</emphasis>
(Barret-Hamilton 1900)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33C40DC44A184237C011865F391A62D5" pageNumber="1279" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AC00BB7B4B87CC4AD2FDA51F5328DD1F" pageNumber="1279">
<emphasis id="598934B0FFC351A5655F3C60BF5CB051" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1279">Distribution:</emphasis>
Plains, mountain and plateau steppes, and highland semideserts (not found in desert depressions) from E of the Dnepr River in the S
<collectingCountry id="2A927970C8621A504A263B5C7BC05546" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="64E8BA7ED1FFD320F14ED53D68AF6550" country="Ukraine" name="Crimea">Crimea</collectingRegion>
, N Caucasus, S Caucasus (
<collectingCountry id="CDD478594E01861E2FF248F7F0952C5C" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="05A23ACF5BDB281E9F7C41FC5CB1DAF7" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, and Azerbaijan), Anatolian Turkish steppe and Bozcaada Isl (Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001; specimens in
<collectionCode id="B27D30687BF3793D83EAECAEDA257354" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
); south to N
<collectingCountry id="92E8F0C53ECB662B242A3751518CA635" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
and NW
<collectingCountry id="53C7DD613AE8F74B1A5B235F2EC51853" name="Jordan">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(Benda and Sádlová, 1999); through most of C and N
<collectingCountry id="6140A5C267072DEBEB0306DB9F5654AC" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
in provinces of Azarbayjan (
<collectionCode id="8675388C9DF2A5D3B82D483D55ABC337" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="DD3D388A9AA5A6454C4C88D9B510FF2C" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
material),
<collectingRegion id="E9D2A9259CD7718F007880BC420F3F4E" country="Iran" name="Kordestan">Kordestan</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="B77DDD532D4FE704E1EA170C0B429F63" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="3769A1C0E675F10B15E7AFB9622FB268" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="FDD5EBAB7229568B2223BCD27D4F003E" country="Iran" name="Ilam">Ilam</collectingRegion>
(series in
<collectionCode id="775980A4FEE27199F51E8B35B6CCE2BE" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="12AF20D05515E30ECDDACF1EC365EDBA" country="Iran" name="Lorestan">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
(large samples in
<collectionCode id="B2226EC3203D17AC3C5E60BDAAD4CB15" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="90597D4F80A423ED06F7120206914FCB" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
, and
<collectionCode id="86D8EFB172F789090B35CE30647B814D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="72B854BDD1C5C18F2C5E02BE16A05603" country="Iran" name="Esfahan">Isfahan</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="AB1342ED5FB07FAB409C235716AFA42D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
material),
<collectingRegion id="E13789EB04E56DB35C69E2015202DDB4" country="Iran" name="Fars">Fars</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="A205FFF0F466DEA1CFB9C42F9480FD16" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="1263B0EEB8D096C3B6965D87DC4C666F" country="Iran" name="Semnan">Semnan</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="56DB357C3A6A5CCE77D0BF8A849FE7ED" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
97469),
<collectingRegion id="EF44632E84A1E965298461947AB2A16A" country="Iran" name="Tehran">Tehran</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="F69CA1A22F0F1FFD2AC985FDC6A292B6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
341459), C and E
<collectingRegion id="0334FEFD9C335E23D725B4B0826588F9" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="59DFC891A814265C4179D9DE1BDE83F0" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="B31CE5723183ADE6C49F01E3BA5C77BC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
), N and E
<collectingRegion id="992366B302819F74886291D88E888576" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="303D88040A689EF52C4FA9BC416B7ADD" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="88FD6483124069313394E1991A68A705" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
, and
<collectionCode id="DD81B0ACE15F30328154A9F0073D0B92" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
material); Kopet-Dag Mtns of SW
<collectingCountry id="15519B45BC4AE828BF8DA97BA3496C50" name="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
; and eastward in WC
<collectingCountry id="122ABCE6FDA451CA8A96E5F474BCE11D" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, (about
<quantity id="CEC2B9082FA76C90C77BFEB21ACA61F3" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="km" value="90.0">90 km</quantity>
NE Quetta,
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specimens); probably also occurs in
<collectingCountry id="B64426B0E92FEA00D951554F21F1EC53" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, NE
<collectingCountry id="4AD3372D7C4F2D114E0DBE5BB15EFBA9" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="55291CFEE282996AE389B428C3A415BC" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
and adjacent SW
<collectingCountry id="33DDDA0D00FEB45C9D0D9D7865CC57F7" name="Syria">Syria</collectingCountry>
. Distribution, which is southeast of range of
<taxonomicName id="F295065F4EAE5614C846190E7429FA7F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="24F54D44482C6A594C4F015DC4DBF007" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, derived from specimens in
<collectionCode id="219DA7F0C79EA23B4DAD4E1B242113BB" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="6F4CCC207DB481E9676C91F8F2DC08A5" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
, and
<collectionCode id="5AF96776AE60342D33D29BBA0A99BEF5" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
and published reports (
<bibRefCitation id="ED0713FE51EF6B9AF97C1541EEBD064D" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; S. Simson &amp; E. Nevo" refId="ref101438" refString="Filippucci, M. G., S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1989. Evolutionary biology of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 in Israel. Allozymic and biometric analyses with description of a new species: Apodemus hermonensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 56: 361 - 376." year="1989">Filippucci et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A6C7441C5DB5ECE43CA061ED82EE3076" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">Mezhzherin, 1997a:33</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1ED8CADB4CDCD5A2FCBA66B9C93EEAD7" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; I. V. Zagorodnyuk" refId="ref239961" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and I. V. Zagorodnyuk. 1989. Novi vid myshei roda Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) [New species of mouse of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae)]. Vestnik Zoologii, 4: 55 - 59 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1989">Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="05E351F133CD2D2B58BF43905881EADB" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. &amp; G. G. Boyeskorov &amp; A. Ye. Zykov" refId="ref403909" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V., G. G. Boyeskorov, and A. Ye. Zykov. 1997. [Variation and taxonomic status of the steppe forms of genus Sylvaemus &quot; sylvaticus &quot; (falzfeini-fulvipectus-hermonensis-arianus).] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (5 - 6): 37 - 56 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1997">Zagorodnyuk et al., 1997:39</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5274BBDAC510435230F630783AAA639C" pageNumber="1279" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="7F02A6FD5987FFEE8F041028F27F8330" pageNumber="1279">
<emphasis id="D19E71A74CDBECD88684B598E9E0398E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1279">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="99FA464AFBC9E584DC1F1F599A744424">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Endangered as
<taxonomicName id="643F5C8D6A3260C485463E2EB860B957" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="9463839A7E91EF9AE00FE3FBA6D2D3FA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Lower Risk (lc) as
<taxonomicName id="25082997AB9EF009442F088333C7F604" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="517E2D2AE47ED39FCE8936EACBA2D24A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="406F5165548EB2A36DE0C7471B797AD9" pageNumber="1279" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="481134CD6E0EBBC9BA76217CDFCA2F3D" pageNumber="1279">
<emphasis id="1A43A9FB50AC09D5C130B319DCDB7FD1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1279">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="F64BD8EAB1860E371457CD1EC9E6E569" pageNumber="1279">
<taxonomicName id="9A765DC423E88C46E0354B9B291E7769" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6F3208C2C8F353F425C3F7758F98D9D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The taxon
<taxonomicName id="AB32B3E3672129C2F642AB002E1BDB09" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="2BC5275885D3029902F9997365ECC109" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="215ACA73CF5F7110CD5B3C1D9275CCAC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="F5F444CC6DAA96B71437EA5C48AAB5F5" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Mus sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subsequently arranged as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="F1334271B6042D070DEE2A1A276BFE58" authority="(Ellerman, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="97B2DCE992C0BAA0EB99B43A2006D788" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="80EB13FDD9A66FCCBE3EA651B49858A3" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman, 1941</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="DFB5A3B8838E929397A413713FC2C224" authority="(Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sylvaticus" subSpecies="arianus">
<emphasis id="F3A0933714120761E5D0B29469242357" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus arianus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C50B491176084813FEA329DF423C29CB" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="3D49D43A4094BCC5834FDBF7643E38A3" authority="(Corbet, 1978 c)" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="8017F9E5ACCBBB345A143DC6208544CF" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8ACA10911B6625BE629317AEFC25EC5F" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet, 1978
<emphasis id="CB6416FBF3901FE15B4E83152E9A0115" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and listed as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5828E307EC2008FF8CD9A02B5DE02E7B" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arianus">
<emphasis id="F8479E710BDC70CA989FC0AD9CFF10DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. arianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="90DBEF006C540E4B6F6EE54C14B7D43B" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="618A230F8523FC760972C12AC6BE6A43" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya &amp; E. L. Yakhontov &amp; A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
Pavlinov et al., 1995
<emphasis id="3206432BB6318D98BFC5DC37692A4ADF" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="674A86687B090F825FB4555A9EDC99EF" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403359" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1996 a. What is Apodemus sylvaticus arianus (Blanford, 1881)? Vestnik Zoologi, 30 (3): 20." year="1996">
Zagorodnyuk (1996
<emphasis id="EFA713EBDDDFABCBE00031ABDF83FABE" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
finally identified the
<typeStatus id="77DC676F0B674010461955401F3159C7">holotype</typeStatus>
as an example of
<taxonomicName id="6FD1C3E16CF67821C010F61149D2E7DD" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="7E2594B1FD9B869FB077A78A082C217C" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is the species identified as
<taxonomicName id="9D9AC4893729F3F4AC44B6372A026E70" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arianus">
<emphasis id="B1AF283AF64342084948ECB5D50025D4" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. arianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="90E9A46AA0B7F98B19AAA2FC49AE05E2" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, who separated it from
<taxonomicName id="EEB486A3A259ED36295F9F9C184DF58A" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="CE4068733D5E52B2D2B4436C6E812C19" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of its distinctive pelage and smaller body size. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="864D0C311A800959C23AA870B0EB0DC3" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403359" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1996 a. What is Apodemus sylvaticus arianus (Blanford, 1881)? Vestnik Zoologi, 30 (3): 20." year="1996">
Zagorodnyuk (1996
<emphasis id="B032401A9B60424FEA1B644B33C4E66D" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F6BE66A4AE708169387BFB9277FD5899" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. &amp; G. G. Boyeskorov &amp; A. Ye. Zykov" refId="ref403909" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V., G. G. Boyeskorov, and A. Ye. Zykov. 1997. [Variation and taxonomic status of the steppe forms of genus Sylvaemus &quot; sylvaticus &quot; (falzfeini-fulvipectus-hermonensis-arianus).] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (5 - 6): 37 - 56 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1997">Zagorodnyuk et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="DA1D845D26F5AB2F029CA08BB6D7085F" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
Mezhzherin (1997
<emphasis id="FD81F2F70BA614A400BED345BF8C2F6E" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
elucidated the morphological and distributional boundaries of
<taxonomicName id="086CAF793F6E8604761C2999DED03FAB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="B0EFC54EB2BA6709C47077EC8B282AB4" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="B5D062A6FBE68299AC66D7F2E7F73C9C" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arianus">
<emphasis id="A0489E764956216AB6B0698795C9F7B6" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">arianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and their definition incorporates the names and ranges of
<taxonomicName id="4BDF9FE517C0B8076DDF06B14E69AB74" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="B75DD5CFCD2EB4EE72DCA6D1CD593CF5" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3960A1A5C3C720F1DDC5A1C1C37E6ACA" authorityName="Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falzfeini">
<emphasis id="81855462C28671C1C86AE057D40FF27F" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">falzfeini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="FF7554FA24A064A7C237011DA74C96EC" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="43C258F3D40372D2BA6293CF244ADC32" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, each of which has been treated as a species by various authors (
<bibRefCitation id="96886AB810FE3AC6BBA52D022804F48E" author="Chelomina, G. N. &amp; M. V. Pavlenko &amp; I. V. Kartavtseva &amp; G. G. Boeskorov &amp; E. A. Lyapunova &amp; N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59156" refString="Chelomina, G. N., M. V. Pavlenko, I. V. Kartavtseva, G. G. Boeskorov, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 a. [Genetic differentiation of Caucasian wood mice: Comparison of isozymic, chromosomal and molecular divergence.] Genetika, 34 (2): 213 - 225 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
Chelomina et al., 1998
<emphasis id="59C777602861FB5AA98175EC826F1546" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DC50624718B9248478FEB6B2DD426ACA" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; S. Simson &amp; E. Nevo" refId="ref101438" refString="Filippucci, M. G., S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1989. Evolutionary biology of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 in Israel. Allozymic and biometric analyses with description of a new species: Apodemus hermonensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 56: 361 - 376." year="1989">Filippucci et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 1996;
<bibRefCitation id="B2442C7DCA3EFB33F0F423B5F415FE09" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; I. V. Zagorodnyuk" refId="ref239961" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and I. V. Zagorodnyuk. 1989. Novi vid myshei roda Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) [New species of mouse of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae)]. Vestnik Zoologii, 4: 55 - 59 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1989">Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0184E97B09F129AFA44EF33CE753081F" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="ECC4E3678E366486D3F587CC72016B03" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; I. V. Zagorodnyuk" refId="ref239961" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and I. V. Zagorodnyuk. 1989. Novi vid myshei roda Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) [New species of mouse of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae)]. Vestnik Zoologii, 4: 55 - 59 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1989">Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk (1989)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="BACA037C63ADFE0D3FBC6D9A87A9B2CD" authorityName="Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falzfeini">
<emphasis id="C08ADF7857D9E7846AC28F7322C9E80E" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">falzfeini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species, which O. Rossolimo (in litt.) considered to be the same as
<taxonomicName id="C2160758A31B277FE918A989964C9E80" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="B91C92BA856FFEA6D03181A7E7BAEDF0" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent results from genetic studies led
<bibRefCitation id="E753E8FC12BBE440AAA0989172F00D33" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; A. E. Zykov" refId="ref240019" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and A. E. Zykov. 1991. Genetic divergence and allozyme variability in mice of genus Apodemus s. lato (Muridae, Rodentia). Cytology and Genetics, 25: 51 - 59." year="1991">Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991)</bibRefCitation>
to treat
<taxonomicName id="B8C4E052F271EDD1E30C7C5E877F7057" authorityName="Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falzfeini">
<emphasis id="36E7F399C2828ABC364E1D4DA2B11D0D" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">falzfeini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as identical with
<taxonomicName id="2519C9F69356ABFF8A33DADA251DC740" baseAuthorityName="Ognev and Heptner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chorassanicus">
<emphasis id="5CAA04428D3A9631FC56D6D750AEFA11" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">chorassanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was originally described as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="780FE06969A1EC0DF1F0F153772A4F3A" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="A3ADBE00ECBF96216A46A978E1509E26" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the identity of
<taxonomicName id="F2ADC7CD36A8D9BADCC90A79BDA31BC3" baseAuthorityName="Ognev and Heptner" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chorassanicus">
<emphasis id="691925A8685A14926B68AA3A35C0A208" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">chorassanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="612C3DF83DD71CF73DA0FC0B25F0CAF7" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="857924C1D8DB2366B0B5E34CAADE48A9" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="949DBF6D904D14F02406F949DB1458B5" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="42B3BA46DDEBFDF042770F28B09174F1" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported by allozymic data (see
<bibRefCitation id="8B3B015FDE8276628D583F6B0DEBBFBB" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; M. Macholan &amp; J. R. Michaux" refId="ref101831" refString="Filippucci, M. G., M. Macholan, and J. R. Michaux. 2002. Genetic variation and evolution in the genus Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75: 395 - 419." year="2002">Filippucci et al., 2002:407</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4C6479C7D960A45D21E9A0C75E0B93D7" author="Vorontsov, N. N. &amp; G. G. Boyeskorov &amp; S. V. Mezhzherin &amp; E. A. Lyapunova &amp; A. S. Kandaurov" refId="ref378144" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., G. G. Boyeskorov, S. V. Mezhzherin, E. A. Lyapunova, and A. S. Kandaurov. 1992. [Systematics of the Caucasian wood mice of the subgenus Sylvaemus (Mammalia, Rodentia, Apodemus).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 71: 119 - 131 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1992">Vorontsov et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
recognized
<taxonomicName id="0EFF3B37AD6145D773FCE8B89FB45906" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="7D18C9389331447844D17248A6260F7B" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the oldest name for this species; it was one of the distinct electrophoretic forms in the Caucasus revealed by
<bibRefCitation id="CC597AA18B106A85E73C058DDD0AB201" author="Vorontsov, N. N. &amp; S. V. Mezhzherin &amp; G. G. Boeskorov &amp; E. A. Lyapunova" refId="ref378081" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., S. V. Mezhzherin, G. G. Boeskorov, and E. A. Lyapunova. 1989. [Genetic differentiation of sibling species of wood mice (Apodemus) in the Caucasia and their diagnostics.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 309: 1234 - 1238 (in Russian)." year="1989">Vorontsov et al. (1989)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="F83D6C74A3654DFA2DA976609A5E90FD" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="FC50A65FFB5FAA17B735617E7205826A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from the alpine &quot;tragacanthic&quot; belt at about
<quantity id="4B5BD31512737BB1A1A4A3CEBE7C71B6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
on Mt Hermon and was considered to be morphologically and genetically closely related to
<taxonomicName id="14FDB1A0F41593F8E6CC341EC19B4A88" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="193789E87994C2B942E2FA35114CDAA7" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which it displaces on Mt Hermon (and possibly also
<collectingCountry id="B8BE4CF1F38508581376D6770C3B2945" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
and Antilebanon mountain ranges) at elevations above
<quantity id="1E56DC811B922A49F09B60AC5C58686D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B33F0FBFE3F6CCEB91CF08928B477FD" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; S. Simson &amp; E. Nevo" refId="ref101438" refString="Filippucci, M. G., S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1989. Evolutionary biology of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 in Israel. Allozymic and biometric analyses with description of a new species: Apodemus hermonensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 56: 361 - 376." year="1989">Filippucci et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Based on allozymic and morphological data,
<taxonomicName id="419611DA70445B2ADC8FC45D675A189D" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="960734D19BB5DC26C0F6312EA9F8EF2D" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was subsequently identified from Anatolian
<collectingCountry id="C0F17C893909D3A663A3BD577D1B0E31" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and N
<collectingCountry id="E4C534DCC10343C55F05417AC7524445" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
and suspected to be synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="6AD22E12C3175E2A022E728705FF76EE" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="26516D436A967260FCAAA37180BAA83A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Filippucci et al., 1996; Macholán et al., 2001
<emphasis id="84A170426F1CDCCD5AC2849291A22177" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">b</emphasis>
);
<bibRefCitation id="A0596628180BC856D953BC9B89860F06" author="Michaux, J. &amp; P. Chevret &amp; M. - G. Filippucci &amp; M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
Michaux et al. (2002
<emphasis id="1BE21A709DBB46DA7B559C7E7131EB80" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, however, retained the two as separate species based upon analysis of mtDNA cytochrome
<emphasis id="3AC954B363EEE4239F62866C89942252" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">b</emphasis>
sequences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FE344FD258B954C97E949B4BDFB678F" pageNumber="1279">
Kryštufek (2002
<emphasis id="AD10DE959219E00D4871F495FC6310A2" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
) has convincingly demonstrated that the
<typeStatus id="530DDF8F9CA5E23076C4706D56ECE963">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="A54AC53F6229C58CDB959B848459F57D" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arianus">
<emphasis id="5985B08B5C863226533A18354C440222" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">arianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an example of
<taxonomicName id="9E87FDB949E2F75AAE9A9DBEEF9170F1" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="09A23C4A09E4E43A5979E46A76EEC310" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that the
<typeStatus id="7760EC2B5D70B7C20EC0BDD761DC41D1">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C657AFA9277E0066638D61F87A14D33A" authority="Barrett-Hamilton, 1900" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauricus">
<emphasis id="0C30B168BE0556C55669290D7C964BCB" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">tauricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92DA63585331D205B765C044FE647EBE" author="Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H." refId="ref21800" refString="Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. 1900. On geographical and individual variation in Mus sylvaticus and its allies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900: 387 - 428." year="1900">Barrett-Hamilton, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is the same as
<taxonomicName id="31C65CF8DA42E82FEEF76698D0A42956" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="1CD3A7202723D0B0000AB1E8A74EF5CA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is an older name but preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="665030A3B3B63BA7773CAB1FFA38D54E" authority="Pallas, 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauricus">
<emphasis id="33CC4F25EBF37C2FC4D949883379BA82" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">tauricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E785DCC2F4A08164327D3E081ECE45B" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271664" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1811 [1831]. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicillia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. [ICZN Opinion 212 -- dates of volumes: 1 &amp; 2: 1811; 3: 1814]. Petropoli, in officina Caes. acadamiae scientiarum. 3 vol. [official date of publ for vol 1 - 1811 impress], 1: 1 - 568." year="1811">Pallas, 1811</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is associated with
<taxonomicName id="AB32F1617B5E8DA434CE509A399AB539" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="1B5AA8B549BFFBF4F1DB2E7A3368A10F" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He suggested that
<taxonomicName id="A964A3DD04BF9234A2C1AE8B964BDAB8" authority="Heptner, 1948" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iconicus">
<emphasis id="5B446E15E27497E2C8BBEDBE8A37D375" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">iconicus</emphasis>
Heptner, 1948
</taxonomicName>
was the oldest available name for the species, but also noted that the
<typeStatus id="0D9735B11A9A0A9978C6B282FE8295E0">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3975F205BA658C647C8FEE517B6EAF82" authority="Thomas, 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="CB66D1DF14B5EDC1D1EE647F98215597" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">witherbyi</emphasis>
Thomas, 1902
</taxonomicName>
might be identical with
<taxonomicName id="6F1AB1943988F7AFB30E69D5E255B97B" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="A656A4CE9A6B67B38308225078C6C13F" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="D982713593F114239C7C1D9DB6A7A27B">holotype</typeStatus>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="2F521A2DE89E289A3DE2AB2CBC7EB443" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="456627F79465775265B88483823CBBCC" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all external, cranial, and dental traits (including the stephanodont pattern on M1), except for its longer bullae (4.8 mm) and shorter molar row (3.4 mm), and Kryštufek was reluctant to declare
<taxonomicName id="2979F04B31E366754C3215C865A87531" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="C7A4A28D9BE5B9C64816AA5A09D11367" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="70F557A4989516927612F0AACD5AD221" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="C59ECDA7ED56B640A34AD12851D592D4" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being the same. Two specimens we studied from the Zagros Mtns of W
<collectingCountry id="390EFFBB84A9A6ED832BFC5441266BCB" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectionCode id="DD930DAD1622C4E161F2C05D84E782B1" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
369849 (Baneh, Kordistan Province) and
<collectionCode id="BDB977CDF2A8BE23042C764A9072F8F3" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
350595 (Borujerd region,
<collectingRegion id="ABB9C49FD394F0231545FB72474CCC3B" country="Iran" name="Lorestan">Luristan Province</collectingRegion>
), have all the chromatic and morphological attributes of
<taxonomicName id="40D710B37A0FC00ACBB646F7CD09654B" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="DC064BA24168DD96519EBE9BE9E7A438" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; molar row is 3.5 mm in the former, bullar length is 4.8 mm in the latter. Like these two, the
<typeStatus id="089DB6F0074E3E5B8F08D9A8EB48E96E">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3B0782D03A3C0FB1F3526A7E002A3EBD" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="477DAC217456CEFDE1869ECBB983CC74" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at one end of the range of variation in lengths of molar row and bullae. We use
<taxonomicName id="304FCF5173D91CCD610AF056709DB6F5" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="0424F0BCAD24AB164F4E22CD62D7E1E9" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the oldest name for what has been called
<taxonomicName id="E499B3AFAD093FA0BF472227C0168938" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arianus">
<emphasis id="E3B721D350FD6BD4B34BBBD6AA21A2C4" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">arianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="42C0539B8EC4B9632A94B7128C254696" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11B1941930688AD03F9E1933A9883842" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. &amp; G. G. Boyeskorov &amp; A. Ye. Zykov" refId="ref403909" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V., G. G. Boyeskorov, and A. Ye. Zykov. 1997. [Variation and taxonomic status of the steppe forms of genus Sylvaemus &quot; sylvaticus &quot; (falzfeini-fulvipectus-hermonensis-arianus).] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (5 - 6): 37 - 56 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1997">Zagorodnyuk et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="93CDAA6A6B9A103466E9F7C65EB31C98" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">Mezhzherin, 1997a</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="9AF913BDC3412FDD3A43E5DC0D9FD579" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="D5534637B110CCDF7EE28636141DF823" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="554D407AFB89EEA545A6CCD0F4640AED" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="2A26FB830B964D8936B3D6C5FC34C4BA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="9B8A7310669934AF9F7552BDA75A05AB" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iconicus">
<emphasis id="FAB500592ADD3A7734BD6468F98696CA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">iconicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Filippucci et al., 1996; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001); no other species of
<taxonomicName id="7B8AC150396BF7B2CEC624846FC82F63" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F06A3CEDA7717A88E14CB6E887FCF683" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the
<collectingRegion id="77D573E94594DD7D21A5D029E962B468" country="Iran" name="Fars">Fars region</collectingRegion>
, and all of its other traits match those of
<taxonomicName id="4F027EF41251BA9EC7B853FC5B6DDAE4" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="9F9E398394DC0FADFE02DB3890EF532D" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other material we assemble here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E507DCC2A8BD9A912555CD29D25C2B6" pageNumber="1279">
<taxonomicName id="81B0F8AD41938FCB1D8F4E680361D8B1" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="7C3B0754CCBE2E03C53D2AE93024E07A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be the species represented by the sample from Qazvin, N
<collectingCountry id="C41DA6C9D957F285299AF22EF0369042" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, that
<bibRefCitation id="7FAE03D158B82384DCA39D40763369A6" author="Darviche, D. &amp; F. Benmehdi &amp; J. Britton-Davidian &amp; L. Thaler" refId="ref73951" refString="Darviche, D., F. Benmehdi, J. Britton-Davidian, and L. Thaler. 1979. Donnees preliminaires sur la systematique biochimique des genres Mus et Apodemus en Iran. Mammalia, 43: 427 - 430." year="1979">Darviche et al. (1979)</bibRefCitation>
separated electrophoretically from
<taxonomicName id="871B9EFFDC97B01FB78A6D1ED5D38816" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="C0FEE059B3AC4588F4085F790B1D195A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F5B761C271BAB23B6D5C5CFE3E8C5170" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="9D81E3C8513A5535A282D589DBF09C90" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but still considered closer to the latter. A close alliance between
<taxonomicName id="6ED1BCDFF0B4C791B415DBDB3C4234DC" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="ADDEE63E7FDC656E74DC1B152B0FF9BD" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6D7DFF26CDF0F4E3F6551E05650AB81B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="415CCF3E779A9FC94018928531412E23" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported by other studies employing protein electrophoresis (
<bibRefCitation id="935CB6AE992A824550E5C9AC443CB666" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; S. Simson &amp; E. Nevo" refId="ref101438" refString="Filippucci, M. G., S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1989. Evolutionary biology of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 in Israel. Allozymic and biometric analyses with description of a new species: Apodemus hermonensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 56: 361 - 376." year="1989">Filippucci et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 2002; Macholán et al., 2001
<emphasis id="BE57A8FE8040D8D661D286A59C7F841E" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">b</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9607C260051A7E65595B75FB6245BB64" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
Mezhzherin, 1997
<emphasis id="6023507F5A2B90BCFCAC8B6F317E312F" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
) and discriminant function analysis of morphometric traits (
<bibRefCitation id="88F83B5F9EE43D0FFA1B31FDE2C7AE0B" author="Frynta, D. &amp; P. Mikulova &amp; E. Suchomelova &amp; J. Sadlova" refId="ref110234" refString="Frynta, D., P. Mikulova, E. Suchomelova, and J. Sadlova. 2001. Discriminant analysis of morphometric characters in four species of Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia) from eastern Turkey and Iran. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 243 - 258." year="2001">Frynta et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
), but not mtDNA cytochrome
<emphasis id="CD3D3AD0615A827DEAC6C536A5901037" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">b</emphasis>
gene sequences in which
<taxonomicName id="E7A30E5FE45AF68AB9CD057941A023C0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="BC53B7B0808D1F4133F996F602F92EC6" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is isolated within subgenus
<taxonomicName id="C9855DFF86FC997F1378759BCD204369" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5F0E34EF24B2000919BFC7D367E42586" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B6BA1A4A4EAD132793DB545903B087EC" author="Michaux, J. &amp; P. Chevret &amp; M. - G. Filippucci &amp; M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
Michaux et al., 2002
<emphasis id="9189493F82EB6D8F57066717F6865D2D" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; reported as
<taxonomicName id="4D6401116AFD1C07D46A8C524E9E9F58" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="DDF2B85DADDB9B48064E952F5B2C7280" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Included in Mezhzherin’s (1997
<emphasis id="3BC335BB291817CABCDBDF7E6338E551" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
) revision of N Eurasian
<taxonomicName id="530EFE2070A48B17A5A185D5912072E8" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="127C6618E3E24200CDDE0C02BE521F87" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Compared (as
<taxonomicName id="7F8198A514E595C79AD06B409EA71BAA" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="6FE683A9C68C47FC54C2091E2943AA8B" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with
<taxonomicName id="047741076A2F9738F6DD89D4F87B16E8" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponticus">
<emphasis id="923213CA4821514E9A213517F04E1ABE" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. ponticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6410F633A355FCBAB92CF599EA3A27F1" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="DE86504BD448FC23A30457F9ECFCD1BD" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by restriction analysis of nuclear DNA (
<bibRefCitation id="5FDECFCB12B90C6B5A091309F43BDCA4" author="Chelomina, G. N. &amp; E. A. Lyapunova &amp; N. N. Vorontsov &amp; K. Tsuchiya" refId="ref59078" refString="Chelomina, G. N., E. A. Lyapunova, N. N. Vorontsov, and K. Tsuchiya. 1995. Molecular genetic typing of three forms of wood and field mice belonging to a transpalearctic genus (Apodemus, Muridae, Rodentia). Russian Journal of Genetics, 31 (6): 701 - 704 (translated from Genetika, 31 (6): 820 - 824)." year="1995">Chelomina et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
), and with
<taxonomicName id="F976535D9229DA2924BCF45D715F06F5" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponticus">
<emphasis id="1CD341E4236D41A43E677A11E19B39AD" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. ponticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BC351A906E2073E8A83C451C85307B24" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="59F20C54099E2B52B131381F5B0484C0" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by comparison of isozymic, chromosomal and molecular divergence (
<bibRefCitation id="9CEA5281836D8F6C8F5F2227593BDA32" author="Chelomina, G. N. &amp; M. V. Pavlenko &amp; I. V. Kartavtseva &amp; G. G. Boeskorov &amp; E. A. Lyapunova &amp; N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59156" refString="Chelomina, G. N., M. V. Pavlenko, I. V. Kartavtseva, G. G. Boeskorov, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 a. [Genetic differentiation of Caucasian wood mice: Comparison of isozymic, chromosomal and molecular divergence.] Genetika, 34 (2): 213 - 225 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
Chelomina et al., 1998
<emphasis id="216E9834AAB98050350F55E70F4F4DBA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). Phylogenetic affinity of
<taxonomicName id="789AB6FFABC1A9BCF4A1CA69079A2E2D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="D883999874D8B6E6DAEB16E00693AF26" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires sharper resolution, particularly concerning the nature of the relationship with
<taxonomicName id="B05E9767616BC7E42507A8565ED3E7B8" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="E42AEDEBBC0A039E05ED540AB8DC8876" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Pamirs and Himalayas and the Himalayan
<taxonomicName id="E4A2C12B1DC9082777F95721402F1C30" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusiges">
<emphasis id="EC366EB054CD54D2A0335D36B2EAB152" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. rusiges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDE8A21914DF668C5EBD734B4171CCBD" pageNumber="1279">
Easternmost record of
<taxonomicName id="5A8EA81C7E9CC9DD2EAE4B4002F40B77" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="887E258CB450DFFEE636105818E346E2" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from the Quetta region of WC
<collectingCountry id="B8A2B7CE33D85A609543D879AA6CD127" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, and the
<specimenCount id="6C77BA686E1DB1C8D0A47BA32500E2A3" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
from there match those in the large samples from
<collectingCountry id="C115F78BA6667A21FF65265DB5FAC5E5" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
in chromatic traits, cranial morphology, and molar occlusal patterns. In
<collectingCountry id="A6644A6BFD94BF2889BC4397AC9D790C" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="84282A1748B9AD2482CF9A872828E557" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="2E93499A22F199106692416BEDFFC9AC" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most widespread
<taxonomicName id="2110FEA48F68D4CD03751E619DB18DFE" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2F6319FA0888BBB24FAA0D8F79AD1D71" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs syntopically with
<taxonomicName id="173388D23C5F4ABB47D5756FA2AA8AD7" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="BB45F77ED06071F61555446670E5FC68" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Zagros Mtns, and is altitudinally parapatric with
<taxonomicName id="842F5F9D63423741B91762E2D1018CC4" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcanicus">
<emphasis id="DEE7FD2B532A372595A216378FA6D8A3" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. hyrcanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see those accounts); these are the only three
<taxonomicName id="3029578DF1B36EA335F9FCE2DD0212E0" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D129A4DDEC3BAF5098388670F43DF5BE" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently recorded from
<collectingCountry id="650F5DC8027156C90834E0F8ECAE802D" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AD39174CC40E5DEA2BF6A610D913F0DA" author="Lay, D. M." refId="ref207358" refString="Lay, D. M. 1967. A study of the mammals of Iran resulting from the Street expedition of 1962 - 63. Fieldiana: Zoology, 54: 1 - 282." year="1967">Lay (1967:186)</bibRefCitation>
noted that a bright, small
<taxonomicName id="D7716DACF0BDD18FC1BC9E49113D7C4E" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="57A3831D899B1E1009EF20F2AE5D8092" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a larger, darker species occur in N
<collectingCountry id="53F147A0128EE1C9E892E507F0BD46E8" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
, and considered them ecological subspecies; the brighter one is
<taxonomicName id="EFBBDDE71FFF5DD22A11EBEF08B7F910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="A61F7D20107832770C3B59A193CE808F" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the darker
<taxonomicName id="090202C7D8BB8338CA81CC57093C61D3" authorityName="Vorontsov, Boyeskorov &amp; Mezhzherin" authorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hycanicus">
<emphasis id="95B38F0441F0E35FABFCA51422B29788" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. hycanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see that account).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502913C8264384A417B0A85E77A1861B" pageNumber="1279">
<taxonomicName id="2319D566418B886AB2046D8EE0B20F7E" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="94E683A2E6D812F1793DD54524235409" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="17EF30E1B131F02D745ECBDBAA8B4A1B" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
<emphasis id="8C96C898E9BAF11F2BBF6770003FCD13" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="664B355D6A7BD66685CE1BB5A21DCDD5" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="B9289C93F365F76EE20FFE4EE835BC3D" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only
<taxonomicName id="82673E3B81466CD0E372A5C83EEA64E3" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFFADF440E0BC1FA76F3FECDB58AF08C" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that now occur in
<collectingCountry id="585965F6F0D393591ACB5E907CBC1D0E" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
(see accounts of latter two).
<bibRefCitation id="52EA47BD3BB4E6383C091D2A1EE368F4" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349408" refString="Tchernov, E. 1968. Succession of rodent faunas during the Upper Pleistocene of Israel. Mammalia Depicta, 3: 152 pp." year="1968">Tchernov (1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0C2D9574BC04F7B33ACD64D672ABDE35" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349433" refString="Tchernov, E. 1979. Polymorphism, size trends and Pleistocene paleoclimatic response of the subgenus Sylvaemus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 28: 131 - 159." year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F27F3CBD0D98717FE92224613A5D3158" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349470" refString="Tchernov, E. 1986. The rodents and lagomorphs from ' Ubeidiya Formation: Systematics, paleoecology and biogeography. Pp. 235 - 350, in Les mammiferes du Pleistocene Inferieur de la Vallee du Jourdain a Oubeidiyeh (E. Tchernov, ed.). Memoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Francais de Jerusalem, 5: 1 - 405." year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C8A123AB34356FFFA403B7E67636023F" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349675" refString="Tchernov, E. 1996. Rodent faunas, chronostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of the southern Levant during the Quaternary. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 39 (1): 513 - 530." year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
) has identified fossilized
<taxonomicName id="A487A01CB56F97FC522A0DDBFAE3C1DB" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="743C7595F7B9A1358C2B7F20A9049FA0" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recovered from Pleistocene Israeli cave sediments. Three size classes of molars are represented. Tchernov identified the largest as
<taxonomicName id="B70FC7D5293D01671D9572A446EDEB73" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
<emphasis id="37E10F88E2EF6C67D1CBBE1EE9422BBA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the next in size as
<taxonomicName id="D7789C639517C94DACAA297AD3824F24" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="01B124B2679EBB54CB960F12AFFBAC12" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the smallest as
<taxonomicName id="75BA5C3E7E850B1CB3E8490EC34FE0B7" authority="(Tchernov, 1986: 263)" baseAuthorityName="Tchernov" baseAuthorityPageNumber="263" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="B74A92B79C99B9A12E4CB1F03E2BD78B" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="487086821F36D2CC0AE32C8A90C02DD9" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349470" refString="Tchernov, E. 1986. The rodents and lagomorphs from ' Ubeidiya Formation: Systematics, paleoecology and biogeography. Pp. 235 - 350, in Les mammiferes du Pleistocene Inferieur de la Vallee du Jourdain a Oubeidiyeh (E. Tchernov, ed.). Memoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Francais de Jerusalem, 5: 1 - 405." year="1986">Tchernov, 1986:263</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which he regarded as part of the modern Israeli fauna. He (
<bibRefCitation id="11CE4D41E4C9B221DA7EFE87A95E1C7F" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349470" refString="Tchernov, E. 1986. The rodents and lagomorphs from ' Ubeidiya Formation: Systematics, paleoecology and biogeography. Pp. 235 - 350, in Les mammiferes du Pleistocene Inferieur de la Vallee du Jourdain a Oubeidiyeh (E. Tchernov, ed.). Memoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Francais de Jerusalem, 5: 1 - 405." year="1986">Tchernov, 1986</bibRefCitation>
) also synonymized Bate’s (1942
<emphasis id="52228C7473FADB9B7B18474DB5A51B33" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">b</emphasis>
) Pleistocene
<taxonomicName id="89907643AD7E63EEB26385DF38BA8117" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caesareanus">
<emphasis id="16E4F3C29EF73965539A6E9B84D5B70C" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. caesareanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="461B958AD1F4F7C2C50C200CD2813BFD" baseAuthorityName="Tchernov" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="7EB1CAFC702B3AC51D33A46E27AFB517" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter, however, does not occur in
<collectingCountry id="433102356C2F2F0AC0EA9E2EADF7F8F4" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
or anywhere in the Middle East (
<bibRefCitation id="B456F97E18DD7FF13CB710D2D650E689" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; S. Simson &amp; E. Nevo" refId="ref101438" refString="Filippucci, M. G., S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1989. Evolutionary biology of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 in Israel. Allozymic and biometric analyses with description of a new species: Apodemus hermonensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 56: 361 - 376." year="1989">Filippucci et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
; Macholán et al., 2001
<emphasis id="E21626AC6D618B05EE91A5E29F0E6FA4" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">b</emphasis>
), and Kryštufek (2002, in litt.) thinks the smallest morphotype in the Pleistocene samples represents
<taxonomicName id="379E717D5FFFAB1A756D3D446165B29D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="5DD3EB16844601AE6EA1755C2607254C" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not
<taxonomicName id="7453A1939F0F07E2E65E26274D95DFAB" baseAuthorityName="Tchernov" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="99BEAC781FAC4A0940679C3F5AF1CA2A" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We agree. Certainly the illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="9C12DFF5E0A558259C860A33B59D007D" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caesareanus">
<emphasis id="12533C3DAD3898A6D3596C53481EDF35" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">caesareanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
molar rows (
<bibRefCitation id="2D8D16FC4AF21E287282C56FB97A7646" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349408" refString="Tchernov, E. 1968. Succession of rodent faunas during the Upper Pleistocene of Israel. Mammalia Depicta, 3: 152 pp." year="1968">Tchernov, 1968:52</bibRefCitation>
, 54) exhibit some of the traits characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="068D702853FD89A5975051EAD7F2C041" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="45C3C8837D9EAB69F44ED2ED769A99C7" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the molars are similar in dimensions (Filippucci et al., 1996; Kryštufek, 2002
<emphasis id="AD9FF6964BD1A5CC4710C7247B510EBA" italics="true" pageNumber="1279">a</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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