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<document id="75938323592BD8E0F0E69788EA14F029" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38807" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1af13aec-3c54-4a92-abdf-e4e29b97e82f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271704" ID-ZooBank="118F4865-D89E-45EA-A210-8D61946CC37F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465971881907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matz, Jess &amp; Brower, Andrew V. Z." docDate="2016" docId="03F187D7FFB5843DFF11FDC0FA42BB25" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4125.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Punargentus chiliensis subsp. chiliensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFC8FFAFFF8B847DFF86FFA0FFD9B918" masterDocTitle="The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698662999642" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B88B6A2097D9F824B0E882E806808BF3">The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E06CB6A3976123A8D81B469B3EDC2BF0">Brower, Andrew V. Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F4DA45943118F2D0E340EC99095F36DC">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F187D7FFB5843DFF11FDC0FA42BB25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120828523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187D7FFB5843DFF11FDC0FA42BB25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187D7FFB5843DFF11FDC0FA42BB25" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FDC0FE64BB83" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FDC0FB82BB62" blockId="62.[151,1115,608,667]" box="[151,1115,608,634]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D0AF81ADFFB58443FF11FDC0FB82BB62" bold="true" box="[151,1115,608,634]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FDC0FB82BB62" bold="true" box="[151,1115,608,634]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FDC0FDFFBB62" box="[151,550,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Punargentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FDC0FDFFBB62" bold="true" box="[151,550,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FDB3FDC0FCABBB62" box="[565,882,608,634]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1830) Lepidopteres. In: Crustaces, Arachnides et Insectes. In: Duperrey, L. J (Ed), Voyage autour du monde execute par ordre du Roi sur la Corvette de sa Majeste, la Coquille, pendant les annees 1822,1823,1824 et 1825, sous le ministere et conformemont aux instructions de S. E. M. le Marquis de Clermont - Tonnerre, Ministre de la Marine, et publiee sous les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte de Chabrol, Ministre de la Marine et des Colonies. Zoologie, 2 (2), (1). Arthus Bertrand, Paris, pls. 13 - 19." type="book chapter">Guérin-Méneville, [1830]</bibRefCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FC0AFDC0FC3EBB62" box="[908,999,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Satyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FC0AFDC0FC3EBB62" bold="true" box="[908,999,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Satyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) n.comb.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FD22FE64BB83" blockId="62.[151,1115,608,667]" box="[151,445,642,667]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFB58443FF19FD22FF2EBB83" box="[159,247,642,667]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1652,1674]" captionTargetBox="[288,1298,193,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[287,1300,193,1630]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Composite habitus images of Punargentus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Punargentus lamna (Thieme, 1904) male (MZUJ); B: Punargentus angusta picota (Fuchs, 1954) male, Pampa Galeras, Ayacucho, Peru, 4200 m (photo reproduced from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access); C: Punargentus blanchardii blanchardii (Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak, 2010) n. comb. holotype male (photo reproduced from Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak, 2010, open access); D: Punargentus monticolens (Butler, 1881) n. comb. male (MZUJ); E, F: Punargentus gustavi (Staudinger, 1898) n. comb., two specimens from Tacna Prov., Peru showing variability in the degree of silver scaling on the dorsal surface (photos reproduced from Cerdeña et al., 2014, open access); G, H: Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830) n. comb. male (G) and female (H) (MZUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271715/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
G, H; 20D–F; 29)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FD6AFED6BA06" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FD6AFD7FBBF8" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" box="[151,678,714,736]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FD6AFF20BBF8" box="[151,249,714,736]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (female)
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFB58443FED8FD6BFE77BBF8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[350,430,715,736]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">MNHN</collectionCode>
, Paris (Photo examined)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FD4AFE32BBE7" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" box="[151,491,745,767]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FD4AFF10BBE7" box="[151,201,746,767]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
location: Concepción,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FE32FD49FE32BBE7" box="[436,491,745,767]" name="Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Chile</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FCA8FED6BA06" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" box="[151,271,776,798]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Subspecies:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FC88FC8BBA24" box="[151,850,806,829]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FC88FC8BBA24" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" box="[151,850,806,829]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FC88FD2ABA24" authority="(Bryk, 1944) (Cosmosatyrus)" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Bryk" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,755,806,829]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Punargentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="elwesi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FC88FE1ABA24" box="[151,451,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Punargentus chiliensis elwesi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FE56FC86FD9DBA24" author="Bryk" box="[464,580,806,828]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Bryk, F. (1944) Uber die Schmetterlingsausbeute der Schwedischen wissenschaftlichen Expedition nach Patagonien 1932 - 1934. Arkiv for Zoologi, 36 A (3), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1944">Bryk, 1944</bibRefCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FDDDFC87FD33BA24" box="[603,746,807,828]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cosmosatyrus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
n. comb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FCE5FDA6BAAF" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FCE5FD67BA43" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" box="[151,702,837,859]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FCE5FF20BA43" box="[151,249,837,859]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (male),
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFB58443FED7FCE6FE54BA43" box="[337,397,838,859]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NRM</collectionCode>
, Stockholm (photo examined)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FCC5FD1CBA62" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" box="[151,709,868,890]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FCC5FF23BA62" box="[151,250,869,890]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFB58443FE8EFCC4FE83BA62" box="[264,346,868,890]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
),
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFB58443FEEDFCC5FE73BA62" box="[363,426,869,890]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NRM</collectionCode>
., Stockholm (not examined)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FC23FDA6BAAF" blockId="62.[151,1436,714,951]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FC23FF10BA80" box="[151,201,899,920]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
location: Peninsula Llau Llau, north of Punto Nuevo, Lago Nahuel Huapí, Neuquen Province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FB3EFC22FAC6BA80" box="[1208,1311,898,920]" name="Argentina" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFE61001FFB58443FAAAFC22FA4CBA80" box="[1324,1429,898,920]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1933-10">Oct. 1933</date>
-
<date id="FFE61001FFB58443FF41FC01FE9DBAAF" box="[199,324,929,951]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1934-03">March 1934</date>
, leg. Anna Hildegard Ljungner
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FC40FCD7BD0B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FC40FCD7BD0B" blockId="62.[151,948,990,1074]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FC40FC8DBAEC" authority="(Herrera, 1965) (Etcheverrius)" authorityName="Herrera" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Herrera" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[151,852,990,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Punargentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="magallanicaus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FC40FDC0BAEC" box="[151,537,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Punargentus chiliensis magallanicaus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FDA0FC7EFD6CBAEC" author="Herrera" box="[550,693,990,1012]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Herrera, J. V. (1965) Etcheverrius y Palmaris, nuevos generos de Satyridae andinos (Lepidoptera). Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios Entomologicos, Universidad de Chile, 7, 57 - 73." type="journal article" year="1965">Herrera, 1965</bibRefCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FD4DFC7EFC95BAEC" box="[715,844,990,1012]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Etcheverrius</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
n. comb.
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FC5EFF2DBD0B" box="[151,244,1022,1043]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: (male) MNHN, Santiago de
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FD9AFC5DFD8ABD0B" box="[540,595,1021,1043]" name="Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Chile</collectingCountry>
(Photo examined)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FBBDFD1CBD2A" box="[151,709,1052,1074]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FBBDFD1CBD2A" blockId="62.[151,948,990,1074]" box="[151,709,1052,1074]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FBBDFF10BD2A" box="[151,201,1053,1074]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
location: Puerto Prat, Magallanes Province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FD08FBBCFD1CBD2A" box="[654,709,1052,1074]" name="Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Chile</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FBFAFC5EBC9B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FBFAFD97BD96" blockId="62.[151,899,1113,1258]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FBFAFCFABD77" authority="(Junge, 1987) (Cosmosatyrus)" authorityName="Junge" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Junge" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[151,803,1113,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Punargentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="wygnankii">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FBFAFE35BD77" box="[151,492,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Punargentus chiliensis wygnankii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FE7FFBF9FDAFBD77" author="Junge" box="[505,630,1113,1135]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Junge, G. (1987) Eine neue Unterart von Cosmosatyrus chiliensis Guerin 1832 aus Chile. Nachrichtenblatt der bayerischen Entomologen, 36 (2), 43 - 47." type="journal article" year="1987">Junge, 1987</bibRefCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FD0AFBFAFCC2BD77" box="[652,795,1114,1135]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cosmosatyrus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
n. comb.
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FBD8FF20BD96" box="[151,249,1144,1166]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (female) ZSM (Photo examined)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FB36FEA0BDB4" blockId="62.[151,899,1113,1258]" box="[151,377,1174,1196]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Allotype: (male) ZSM</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FB16FCEDBDF2" blockId="62.[151,899,1113,1258]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FB16FF27BDD3" box="[151,254,1206,1227]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: (
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFB58443FE88FB15FEB5BDD3" box="[270,364,1205,1227]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="male">23 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFB58443FEF0FB15FE00BDD3" box="[374,473,1205,1227]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
) ZSM (Photo of a female examined)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFB58443FF11FB75FF10BDF2" box="[151,201,1237,1258]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
location: Apoquindo, Santiago Metropolitan Province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FD7BFB74FCEDBDF2" box="[765,820,1236,1258]" name="Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Chile</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FAB1FEBEBC3F" blockId="62.[151,944,1297,1411]" box="[151,359,1297,1319]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Other combinations:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FA90FC5EBC9B" blockId="62.[151,944,1297,1411]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FA90FEA7BC5E" ID-CoL="3BKLS" box="[151,382,1328,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Etcheverrius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FA90FEA7BC5E" box="[151,382,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Etcheverrius chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FE11FA91FDE8BC5E" author="Herrera" box="[407,561,1328,1350]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Herrera, J. V. (1965) Etcheverrius y Palmaris, nuevos generos de Satyridae andinos (Lepidoptera). Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios Entomologicos, Universidad de Chile, 7, 57 - 73." type="journal article" year="1965">Herrera (1965)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FDBAFA91FCA2BC5E" author="Lamas" box="[572,891,1328,1350]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Lamas, G. &amp; Viloria, A. (2004) Subtribes Erebiina and Hypocystina. In: Lamas, G. (Ed) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea- Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc. / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL, pp. 215 - 217." type="book chapter" year="2004" yearSuffix="p">Lamas &amp; Viloria (2004, p. 216)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FAEEFE50BC7C" box="[151,393,1358,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FAEEFE50BC7C" box="[151,393,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Argyrophorus chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—D’Abrera (1988, p. 798);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FD20FAEFFC69BC7C" author="Pyrcz" box="[678,944,1358,1380]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. &amp; Wojtusiak, J. (2010) A new species of Argyrophorus Blanchard from northern Peru and considerations on the value of wing venation as a source of synapomorphies in some temperate Neotropical Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Genus, 21, 605 - 613." type="journal article" year="2010">Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak (2010)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FF11FACEFE54BC9B" box="[151,397,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FACEFE54BC9B" box="[151,397,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cosmosatyrus chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB58443FE20FACDFD88BC9B" author="Heimlich" box="[422,593,1389,1411]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Heimlich, W. (1972) Satyridae der sudlichen Neotropis und Subantarktis (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Beitrage Entomologische, 22, 149 - 197." type="journal article" year="1972">Heimlich (1972)</bibRefCitation>
; Peña &amp; Ugarte (1997, p. 277)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF11FA0FFD4BBF2C" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF11FA0FFD4BBF2C" blockId="62.[151,1437,1455,2021]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF11FA0FFEF0BCD0" bold="true" box="[151,297,1455,1480]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
. Commonly found in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FDAEFA0FFDBCBCD0" box="[552,613,1455,1480]" name="Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Chile</collectingCountry>
from central Coquimbo Province to central Aisén Province, possibly as far south as Punta Delgada in the northeastern part of the Strait of Magellan, and in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB58443FB0EFA74FB2EBCF5" box="[1160,1271,1492,1517]" name="Argentina" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Argentina</collectingCountry>
from western Mendoza Province to western Neuquén Province, and to northeastern Rio Negro Province from November to March at nearly sea level to
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFB58443FE52F9BCFDFBBF2C" box="[468,546,1564,1588]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFB58443FDB7F9BCFD5FBF2C" box="[561,646,1564,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionText="FIGURE 29. Distribution of locality records for Punargentus species." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58443FF41F99FFCB3BED8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58443FF41F99FFCB3BED8" blockId="62.[151,1437,1455,2021]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF41F99FFEE3BF40" bold="true" box="[199,314,1599,1624]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Most similar to and sometimes confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB58443FCFDF9E1FB45BF40" box="[891,1180,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Punargentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolens">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FCFDF9E1FB45BF40" box="[891,1180,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Punargentus monticolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with a spatulate antennal club and the yellow ring surrounding ocelli between Rs-M1 and M1-M2 reduced to a streak appearing just proximal and distal to the ocellus, but not circumscribing it. Dorsal side is chocolate to taupe in the females and dark chocolate in the males, which have patches of androconia inside the discal cell along the cubitus and between M2-M3, M3-CuA1, CuA1-CuA2, CuA2-1A+2A, and between 1A+2A and the inner margin. Ocellus between M1- M2 is unpupillated and surrounded by patches of pale yellow to light peach. Postmedian band on the ventral side of both forewing and hindwing is bordered on the distal side with a series of dark coffee chevrons. Hindwing bears dark coffee striations over all design elements and hindwing ocelli are flat lenticular black dashes between Rs-M1, M1-M2, and CuA1-CuA2 with adjacent yellow streaks just distal. Short, pale yellow streaks parallel to the veins appear between M2-M3 and M3-CuA1. Tarsus of both male and female forelegs is unsegmented and club-like and the aedeagus bears acute dentate projections along the distal 1/3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB58442FF41F86CFB5FBF48" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB58442FF41F86CFE3CB805" blockId="62.[151,1437,1455,2021]" lastBlockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB58443FF41F86CFEADBEFD" bold="true" box="[199,372,1996,2021]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Redescription.</emphasis>
Head: Antennae
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFB58443FDB0F86CFD77BEFC" box="[566,686,1996,2020]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
with white scales and a longitudinal stripe of taupe to coffee scales that covers half of a spatulate club. Eyes oval and naked, length approximately 1.3X the width. Palps with a longitudinal chocolate stripe along the median with the dorsal side piliform scales white and chocolate and the ventral side white with dark chocolate piliform scales. Terminal palp segment cylindrical and about one-third the length of the second segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB48442FF41FE87FEA8B8D7" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Thorax of the males dark amber with iridescent dark grey scales and covered in white and warm medium brown piliform scales. Females with the same coloration but with the addition of pearly white scales interspersed with the iridescent dark grey scales. Abdomen pearly white ventrally and taupe dorsally. Foreleg tarsi club-like and unsegmented, a little longer in the females. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of amber to dark amber spines on the tibia and tarsus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB48442FF41FE7CFDB2BAD0" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFB48442FEC0FE7CFE4EB8EC" box="[326,407,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1652,1674]" captionTargetBox="[288,1298,193,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[287,1300,193,1630]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Composite habitus images of Punargentus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Punargentus lamna (Thieme, 1904) male (MZUJ); B: Punargentus angusta picota (Fuchs, 1954) male, Pampa Galeras, Ayacucho, Peru, 4200 m (photo reproduced from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access); C: Punargentus blanchardii blanchardii (Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak, 2010) n. comb. holotype male (photo reproduced from Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak, 2010, open access); D: Punargentus monticolens (Butler, 1881) n. comb. male (MZUJ); E, F: Punargentus gustavi (Staudinger, 1898) n. comb., two specimens from Tacna Prov., Peru showing variability in the degree of silver scaling on the dorsal surface (photos reproduced from Cerdeña et al., 2014, open access); G, H: Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830) n. comb. male (G) and female (H) (MZUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271715/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
G, H): Wingspan
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFB48442FDEEFE7CFD05B8ED" box="[616,732,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="28.0">28–36mm</quantity>
. Termen nearly straight and the distal end of the discal cell widely V-shaped. Males with androconial patches inside the discal cell along the cubitus and between M2-M3, M3- CuA1, CuA1-CuA2, CuA2-1A+2A, and between 1A+2A and the inner margin, not extending beyond the median. Dorsal side dark chocolate in the males and chocolate to taupe in the females. Both sexes with an indistinct dark coffee to black ocellus between M1-M2, sometimes extending to M2-M3. Females with a patch of peach-brown to rust orange over the discal cell and a postmedian band that is a lighter brown than the wing streaked with patches of pale yellow that surround the apical ocellus from R5-CuA1. Fringe scales in stripes of chocolate to dark chocolate and taupe to tan perpendicular to the termen. Ventral side with a ripple pattern along the costa and extending from the median to the termen. Area from the discal cell to the postmedian band may range from peach to orange to rust orange to rust red and is widely bordered at the inner margin in taupe to chocolate. Postmedian band is taupe to chocolate with an irregular proximal border of dark coffee and the distal border a series of dark coffee chevrons. Patches of pale yellow to light peach surround the apical ocellus, which is unpupillated and occupies the cell between M1-M2, sometimes extending beyond the confines of the cell. Apex is white at the costa and terminal sections of veins are highlighted in white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB48442FF41FC74FB78BC60" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Hindwing (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFB48442FEC1FC74FE4FBAF4" box="[327,406,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1652,1674]" captionTargetBox="[288,1298,193,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[287,1300,193,1630]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Composite habitus images of Punargentus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Punargentus lamna (Thieme, 1904) male (MZUJ); B: Punargentus angusta picota (Fuchs, 1954) male, Pampa Galeras, Ayacucho, Peru, 4200 m (photo reproduced from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access); C: Punargentus blanchardii blanchardii (Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak, 2010) n. comb. holotype male (photo reproduced from Pyrcz &amp; Wojtusiak, 2010, open access); D: Punargentus monticolens (Butler, 1881) n. comb. male (MZUJ); E, F: Punargentus gustavi (Staudinger, 1898) n. comb., two specimens from Tacna Prov., Peru showing variability in the degree of silver scaling on the dorsal surface (photos reproduced from Cerdeña et al., 2014, open access); G, H: Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830) n. comb. male (G) and female (H) (MZUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271715/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
G, H): Wing oval, termen slightly convex and scalloped. Dorsal side similar in color to the forewing with the distal edge of the postmedian band barely visible as a series of dark coffee chevrons. Fringe scales are as in the forewing and long piliform scales appear at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median and toward the inner margin. Ventral side chocolate to taupe with a ripple pattern superimposed over all design elements in dark chocolate to dark coffee striations. A thin, irregularly dentate, dark coffee band extends across the median, edged in grey to white along the proximal side. The proximal edge of the postmedian band irregularly dentate and bordered in dark coffee with a thin strip of white just distal to the proximal border. Distal border is a series of dark coffee chevrons with a patch of white just proximal to the border from the costa to M2 and just distal to the border along the terminal band from M2 to the tornus. Cells between Rs-M1, M1-M2, and CuA1- CuA2 bear a flat lenticular black ocellus with an adjacent pale yellow streak on the distal end. Cells between M2- M3 and M3-CuA1 contain a short streak of pale yellow. Ocellus between Rs-M
<date id="FFE61001FFB48442FB95FA9CFB8BBC4D" box="[1043,1106,1340,1365]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">1 may</date>
not be visible or reduced to a yellow streak similar to that between M2-M3 and M3-CuA1. Veins are highlighted in white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB48442FF41FA24FB5FBF48" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFB48442FEFEFA24FE12BC84" box="[376,459,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1417,1439]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,208,1383]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[174,1413,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 20. Male genitalia of Punargentus and Stuardosatyrus species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All drawings to the same scale. A – C: Punargentus lamna (Thieme, 1904) (CUIC) (uncus (A) and right valva (C) damaged); D – F: Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830) n. comb. (CH 32 - 2) showing ornamentation on the aedeagus (E); G – I: Punargentus monticolens (Butler, 1881) n. comb. (CH 24 A- 5); J – L: Stuardosatyrus williamsianus (Butler, 1868) (JMC 1003), showing ornamentation on the aedeagus (K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271724/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
D–F): Uncus wide at the base, narrowing slightly, widest at the median, and narrowing to a finger-like terminus. Uncus approximately 1.4X the length of the tegumen. Gnathos acute and approximately 0.4X the length of the uncus. Pedunculus long and nearly acute. Saccus truncate and about equal in length to the gnathos. Valvae narrow at the proximal end, widest at the median and narrowing slightly, but nearly even in width through the distal two-thirds with a deltoid terminus. Aedeagus nearly even in width throughout with a truncate proximal end and acute dentate projections along each lateral edge on the distal one-third.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFB4843DFF41F9FCFA42BB25" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFB48442FF41F9FCFA44BEC5" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FF41F9FCFEEDBF6D" bold="true" box="[199,308,1628,1653]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks</emphasis>
. A common and widespread species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB48442FC92F9FCFC89BF6D" box="[788,848,1628,1653]" name="Chile" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Chile</collectingCountry>
and central
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB48442FC6FF9FCFB85BF6D" box="[1001,1116,1628,1653]" name="Argentina" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. There is a high degree of regional variability in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FE26F921FDF3BF80" box="[416,554,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FE26F921FDF3BF80" box="[416,554,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the coloration of the discal cell on the ventral side of the forewing. Each of the subspecies listed above mentions this as a primary character used in the differentiation between the subspecies and the nominal subspecies. This patch is red-orange in the nominal form, orange in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FA01F969FE96BE1D" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="elwesi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FA01F969FE96BE1D" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. chiliensis elwesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, peach-orange in
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FD9BF94DFCFFBE1D" box="[541,806,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FD9BF94DFCFABE1D" box="[541,803,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="wygnankii">P. chiliensis wygnankii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and a dull orange-brown in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FBE8F94DFA4CBE1D" box="[1134,1429,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="magallanicus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FBE8F94DFA4CBE1D" box="[1134,1429,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. chiliensis magallanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Whether or not these bear out as distinct subspecies in a phylogenetic sense is unresolved here.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FA94F8B1FED3BE55" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="wygnankii">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FA94F8B1FED3BE55" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. chiliensis wygnankii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found on grassy slopes near Santiago (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB48442FCAAF894FC6CBE54" author="Junge" box="[812,949,1844,1868]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Junge, G. (1987) Eine neue Unterart von Cosmosatyrus chiliensis Guerin 1832 aus Chile. Nachrichtenblatt der bayerischen Entomologen, 36 (2), 43 - 47." type="journal article" year="1987">Junge 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Bryk identified
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FB05F895FA82BE55" box="[1155,1371,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="elwesi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FB05F895FA82BE55" box="[1155,1371,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. chiliensis elwesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from illustrations provided in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFB48442FE3AF8F7FD9EBE68" author="Elwes" box="[444,583,1879,1904]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Elwes, H. J. (1903) The butterflies of Chile. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1903 (3), 263 - 301, pls. 12 - 15." type="journal article" year="1903">Elwes 1903</bibRefCitation>
, who noted that “It is possible that this form may prove distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FF11F8DCFED8BE8D" box="[151,257,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FF11F8DCFED8BE8D" box="[151,257,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” Elwes noted that it can be found in grassy pampas east of Lago Nahuel Huapí in western Neuquén and Río Negro province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB48442FE0DF800FE27BEA1" box="[395,510,1952,1977]" name="Argentina" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. Curiously, Hayward (1958) remarked that
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFB48442FC75F801FBA3BEA1" box="[1011,1146,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFB48442FC75F801FBA3BEA1" box="[1011,1146,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFB48442FAC5F800FA41BEA1" box="[1347,1432,1952,1977]" name="Bolivia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, although this is far to the north of the extent of the distribution observed in collections or recorded elsewhere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFCB843DFF11FF37FD17B9E0" blockId="64.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Elwes described its flight as “a slow short flight among bushes,” contrasting it with the rapid straight flight of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFCB843DFA01FF39FEC7B9CD" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Punargentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolens">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFA01FF39FEC7B9CD" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. monticolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ultimate instar larva and pupa were described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFCB843DFC05FF1DFBC4B9CC" author="Henry" box="[899,1053,188,213]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Henry, A. (1992) Redescripcion del huevo, ultimo estadio larval y la pupa de Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852 y descripcion del ultimo estadio larval y pupa de Etcheverrius chiliensis (Guerin, 1832) y Auca nycteropus (Reed, 1877). (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 17, 187 - 193." type="journal article" year="1992">Henry (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, who noted that the larvae feed on the bunchgrass
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFCB843DFEC3FF40FD17B9E0" authority="Trinius &amp; Ruprecht." authorityName="Trinius &amp; Ruprecht." box="[325,718,223,248]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFEC3FF40FE3CB9E0" box="[325,485,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Stipa speciosa</emphasis>
Trinius &amp; Ruprecht.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFCB843DFF41FEA4FA42BB25" blockId="64.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFF41FEA4FE1FB805" bold="true" box="[199,454,260,285]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Specimens examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFE5DFEA4FDC2B805" box="[475,539,260,285]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Valparaíso Province, (MTSU)
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFC1FFEA4FC1AB804" box="[921,963,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
30-2,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFB8EFEA4FBEBB804" box="[1032,1074,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
30-4,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFBFEFEA4FB7BB805" box="[1144,1186,260,285]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
30-6;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFB6EFEA4FAFEB805" box="[1256,1319,260,285]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Santiago Metropolitan Province, (ZSM)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFCB843DFE71FE87FD86B858" box="[503,607,295,320]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFCB843DFDE1FE89FCB1B858" box="[615,872,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="wygnankii">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFDE1FE89FCB1B858" box="[615,872,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. chiliensis wygnankii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (photo examined), (MTSU)
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFB6AFE88FACCB858" box="[1260,1301,296,320]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
29-2-
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFAC9FE88FAA1B858" box="[1359,1400,296,320]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
29- 4,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFF34FEECFF05B87C" box="[178,220,332,356]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
29A-1-
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFEAFFEECFE8AB87C" box="[297,339,332,356]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
29A-3,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFE20FEECFE16B87D" box="[422,463,332,357]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
29A-5;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFDA5FEECFDBAB87D" box="[547,611,332,357]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Maule Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 94379, (MTSU)
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFBF6FEECFB44B87D" box="[1136,1181,332,357]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
15-1-
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFB54FEECFB26B87D" box="[1234,1279,332,357]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
15-3,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFABDFEECFABFB87C" box="[1339,1382,332,356]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
18-4,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFF11FED0FF1CB890" box="[151,197,368,392]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
<date id="FFE61001FFCB843DFF43FED0FEE9B890" box="[197,304,368,392]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1919-03-01" valueMax="1919-03-19" valueMin="1919-03-01">19-1-19-3</date>
;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFEBBFECFFEA3B890" box="[317,378,367,392]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
Bío-Bío Province, (MNHN, Paris)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFCB843DFC8AFECFFCADB890" box="[780,884,367,392]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFCB843DFCFDFED1FBAAB890" box="[891,1139,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="chiliensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFCFDFED1FBAAB890" box="[891,1139,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. chiliensis chiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female (photo examined), (OSU) 0 0 0 0 94369, 0 0 0 0 94366, 0 0 0 0 94376, (MTSU)
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFD75FE34FCF8B8B4" box="[755,801,404,428]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
2-1,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFCC8FE34FCA1B8B4" box="[846,888,404,428]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
32-2,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFC30FE34FC3AB8B4" box="[950,995,404,428]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
37-1, CL0312, CL0423, (UJ)
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFCB843DFAACFE34FA5AB8B5" box="[1322,1411,404,429]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFCB843DFA08FE34FF2BB8C8" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFE87FE17FE99B8C8" box="[257,320,439,464]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Araucanía Province, (MTSU)
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFD28FE18FD01B8C8" box="[686,728,440,464]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
40-3,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFC9CFE18FC9AB8C8" box="[794,835,440,464]" name="Switzerland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CH</collectingCountry>
40-4, (MGCL)
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFCB843DFC73FE18FB91B8C8" box="[1013,1096,439,464]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFBD1FE17FB4EB8C8" box="[1111,1175,439,464]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Magallanes Province, (MNHN, Santiago de
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFE1AFE7CFE03B8ED" box="[412,474,476,501]" name="Chile" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFCB843DFE6BFE7DFD96B8ED" box="[493,591,477,501]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFCB843DFDDCFE7DFC5EB8ED" box="[602,903,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="magallanicus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFDDCFE7DFC5EB8ED" box="[602,903,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. chiliensis magallanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (photo examined);
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFB34FE7CFAFDB8ED" box="[1202,1316,476,501]" name="Argentina" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Mendoza Province, (MTSU) JMC0810, (MZUJ)
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFCB843DFDE2FDA0FD1ABB00" box="[612,707,511,536]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFCB843DFD55FDA0FCE4BB00" box="[723,829,511,536]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFCC8FE5FFC19BB00" box="[846,960,511,536]" name="Argentina" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Neuquén Province, (MTSU) JMC0801;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFCB843DFF11FD84FED0BB25" box="[151,265,548,573]" name="Argentina" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Río Negro/Neuquén Province, (NRM, Stockholm)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFCB843DFCD6FD84FC61BB25" box="[848,952,548,573]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFCB843DFC38FD85FB48BB25" box="[958,1169,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cosmosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chiliensis" subSpecies="elwesi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFCB843DFC38FD85FB48BB25" box="[958,1169,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. chiliensis elwesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (photo examined)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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