374 lines
44 KiB
XML
374 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FC4A792B8C4594B12F7662D6E556197A">Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D352DD4E56E7F5652591D2817EB5AA1">Williams, Kevin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8FC568B96BD7243271812F54B45FE244">Cambra, Roberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C828A22BF30BB22522BAD7C7B80D792">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F187A07C1BCD2D27B79A4AFAB0FE52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943945" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154366389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A07C1BCD2D27B79A4AFAB0FE52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187A07C1BCD2D27B79A4AFAB0FE52" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C1BCD2E27B79A4AFD03FD96" authority="Williams & Pitts, 2009" authorityName="Williams & Pitts" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,737,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacamuerta">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27B79A4AFE23FD96" bold="true" box="[151,449,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Lomachaeta vacamuerta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B477C1BCD2E26E89A4AFD03FD96" author="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P." box="[456,737,534,560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref25741" refString="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2009) Eight new species of Lomachaeta Mickel and the synonymy of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18 (2), 227 - 243." type="journal article" year="2009">Williams & Pitts, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27B79A65FE8FFDF4" blockId="29.[151,737,534,594]" box="[151,365,569,594]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E27BF9A65FEE1FDF7" box="[159,259,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Lomachaeta females; dorsal habitus. 1) L. argenta; 2) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 3) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 4) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588772/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E262F9A65FED9FDF7" box="[271,315,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,157,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1419,157,1043]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Lomachaeta females; lateral habitus. 5) L. argenta; 6) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 7) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 8) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588774/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">6, 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E26679A65FE86FDF4" box="[327,356,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–64" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 61–64. Lomachaeta males; lateral habitus. 61) L. ilex; 62) L. hedera; 63) L. litosisyra; 64) L. vacamuerta. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588796/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">64</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27B79A26FB11FD36" blockId="29.[151,1267,634,687]" box="[151,1267,634,656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C1BCD2E27B79A26FD55FD36" authority="Williams & Pitts, 2009: 239" authorityName="Williams & Pitts" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,695,634,656]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacamuerta">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27B79A26FE70FD36" box="[151,402,634,656]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Lomachaeta vacamuerta</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B303CEB7C1BCD2E26B89A26FD55FD36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012757478" box="[408,695,634,656]" collectionCode="EMUS" country="United States of America" county="Chaves Co." location="Chaves Co." pageId="29" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New Mexico" typeStatus="holotype">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF910A77C1BCD2E26B89A26FD55FD36" author="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P." box="[408,695,634,656]" page="239" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B477C1BCD2E26B89A26FD67FD36" author="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P." box="[408,645,634,656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref25741" refString="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2009) Eight new species of Lomachaeta Mickel and the synonymy of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18 (2), 227 - 243." type="journal article" year="2009">Williams & Pitts, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 239
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E388147C1BCD2E25E19A26FCC0FD36" box="[705,802,634,656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3F7C1BCD2E240B9A27FCA2FD36" box="[811,832,635,656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34F76267C1BCD2E246B9A26FC62FD36" box="[843,896,634,656]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E24AA9A27FBF2FD36" box="[906,1040,634,656]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62864E3A7C1BCD2E233A9A26FB72FD36" box="[1050,1168,634,656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Chaves Co.</collectingCounty>
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(EMUS).
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<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27B79AC5FCB6FD08" blockId="29.[151,1267,634,687]" box="[151,852,664,687]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811987C1BCD2E27B79AC5FCB6FD08" box="[151,852,664,687]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C1BCD2E27B79AC5FD57FD09" authority="Williams & Pitts, 2009: 242" authorityName="Williams & Pitts" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,693,665,687]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacamuerte">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27B79AC5FE72FD09" box="[151,400,665,687]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Lomachaeta vacamuerte</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF910A77C1BCD2E26B79AC5FD57FD09" author="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P." box="[407,693,665,687]" page="242" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B477C1BCD2E26B79AC5FD60FD09" author="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P." box="[407,642,665,687]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref25741" refString="Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2009) Eight new species of Lomachaeta Mickel and the synonymy of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18 (2), 227 - 243." type="journal article" year="2009">Williams & Pitts, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 242
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E259F9AC4FCB6FD08" bold="true" box="[703,852,664,687]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E259F9AC4FCACFD09" bold="true" box="[703,846,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">lapsus calami</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342653D7C1BCD2E27B79A89FF19FC38" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27B79A89FF19FC38" blockId="29.[151,1437,725,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27B79A89FEF3FD48" bold="true" box="[151,273,725,750]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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MALE. This species can be immediately recognized by the unique genitalia, wherein the paramere is straight, subcylindrical, and having an apical tuft of long setae. The following characters are also useful for diagnosis: the body is entirely blackish, except the sometimes reddish tegulae; the mandible is unarmed ventrally; the gena is ecarinate; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 × of the wing; the T1 shape is subsessile; the head and T2 disc have separated punctures; and the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae. Body length
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<quantity id="4CA09B537C1BCD2E27B79BDAFF15FC38" box="[151,247,902,927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342653D7C1BCD2E27E79BF6FCF0F92E" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27E79BF6FA7AFBF6" blockId="29.[151,1437,725,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the setae and mesosoma shape: the mesosomal dorsum and T2 disc have matching thickened posteriorly-directed subparallel appressed pale golden setae and the mesosoma is elongate, with the thoracic dorsum nearly as long as wide. Additional useful diagnostic features include: the mandible has a barely perceptible ventral lamella that does not interrupt the ventral mandibular contour; the head is clearly broader than the mesosoma; the T2 fringe is sparse and simple; and the S6 lateral carina is raised, rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27E79C07FCF0F92E" blockId="29.[151,1437,725,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27E79C07FEBBFBD2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1115,1140]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Description.</emphasis>
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FEMALE (hitherto unrecognized, based on female from Kennedy County). Body length
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<quantity id="4CA09B537C1BCD2E22739C00FA7AFBD5" box="[1363,1432,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27B79C22FEF0FB31" box="[151,274,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Coloration</emphasis>
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. Head, mesosoma, antenna, legs, and T6 predominantly dark brown; metasoma and bases of leg segments and antenna orange. Tibial spurs white. Body setae whitish yellow, except frons, mesonotum, and T6 with many erect setae darkened, at least apically. Mesonotum and T2 disc with long thick posteriorly-directed subparallel setae; fringes of T2–3 composed of dense thick subappressed simple white setae; fringes of T4–5 setae sparse, simple.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E26639D50FE9DFA83" box="[323,383,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Head</emphasis>
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. Head width 1.2 × pronotal width. Frons, vertex and gena areolate, vertex with some intervals obliterated. Clypeus without distinct teeth or ridges. Genal carina extending anteriorly nearly to hypostomal carina. Mandible oblique, tapering, bidentate apically, with shallow lamella baso-ventrally that does not interrupt the ventral mandible contour. Antennal scrobe without dorsal carina. Lengths of F1 and F2 each subequal to pedicel length.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27CF9DC0FE85FA15" box="[239,359,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesosoma elongate; dorsal thoracic length 0.95 × width. Humeral carina distinct, angulate dorsally, not reaching epaulet. Mesosomal dorsum areolate; intervals clearly defined, not raised into tubercles; areolations slightly tighter anteriorly than posteriorly; dorsally with 12 areolations between pronotal spiracles. Pronotal and propodeal spiracles weakly swollen; lateral mesonotal tubercle weakly defined. Lateral propodeal face impunctate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E26769E75FE28F9E6" box="[342,458,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. T1 shape sub-disciform, punctate. T2 slightly longer than wide. Disc of T2 with dense oblique punctures, intervals smooth. T3–5 and S2–5 with separated punctures, intervals obscure microreticulate. T6 convex. Incomplete lateral S6 carina rounded, raised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342653D7C1BCD2E27E79ECFFE56F89F" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27E79ECFFE56F89F" blockId="29.[151,1437,725,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27E79ECFFE50F90A" bold="true" box="[199,434,1683,1708]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEB7C1BCD2E269C9ECFFC49F969" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012757474" collectingDate="2006-05-01" collectingDateMax="2006-05-07" collectingDateMin="2006-05-01" collectionCode="EMUS" collectorName="Silver Reef Wash & E. Vaiva Vo & M. E. Irwin" country="United States of America" county="Pima County" elevation="550" location="Tat Momoli Mountains" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arizona">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F76267C1BCD2E269C9ECFFE15F90D" box="[444,503,1683,1707]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E25249EC8FDBFF90D" box="[516,605,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E25249EC8FDBFF90D" box="[516,605,1684,1707]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62864E3A7C1BCD2E254C9ECFFCE0F90D" box="[620,770,1683,1708]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Pima County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B537C1BCD2E24309ECFFCB1F90A" box="[784,851,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="550.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0075D1857C1BCD2E24309ECFFCB1F90A" box="[784,851,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="550.0">550m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E24409ECFFBC8F90A" box="[864,1066,1683,1708]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Silver Reef Wash</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B537C1BCD2E23189ECFFB91F90A" box="[1080,1139,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E235C9EC8FAEAF90D" box="[1148,1288,1683,1708]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">E. Vaiva Vo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E87606D7C1BCD2E22359EC8FEF0F969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A07C1BCD2D27B79A4AFAB0FE52:8E87606D7C1BCD2E22359EC8FEF0F969" country="United States of America" county="Pima County" name="Tat Momoli Mountains" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Arizona">Tat Momoli Mountains</location>
|
||
, malaise,
|
||
<date id="FFE610767C1BCD2E26A79EEAFDE9F969" box="[391,523,1718,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" value="2006-05-01" valueMax="2006-05-07" valueMin="2006-05-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA2E99E7C1BCD2E26A79EEAFDE9F969" box="[391,523,1718,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" value="2006-05-01" valueMax="2006-05-07" valueMin="2006-05-01">1–7.V.2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E25399EEBFD46F969" box="[537,676,1718,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">M. E. Irwin</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3F7C1BCD2E25989EEBFD3EF969" box="[696,732,1719,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE737C1BCD2E25CC9EEBFCDFF969" box="[748,829,1719,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">EMUS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E246B9EEAFC40F969" box="[843,930,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–64" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 61–64. Lomachaeta males; lateral habitus. 61) L. ilex; 62) L. hedera; 63) L. litosisyra; 64) L. vacamuerta. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588796/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEB7C1BCD2E249A9EEBFE52F89F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012757472" collectingDate="2002-10-18" collectingDateMax="2006-05-19" collectingDateMin="2002-10-18" collectionCode="TAMU, CSCA, EMUS" collectorName="B. Raber & E. Riley & J. S. Wilson & K. A. Williams" country="United States of America" county="Kennedy County" latitude="28.293" location="Chaparral Wildlife Management Area" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="-99.383" municipality="LaSalle County" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E249A9EEBFC1BF968" box="[954,1017,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E249A9EEBFC1BF968" box="[954,1017,1719,1742]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62864E3A7C1BCD2E232B9EEAFB29F969" box="[1035,1227,1718,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Kennedy County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A552F947C1BCD2E23FD9EEAFA7AF969" box="[1245,1432,1718,1743]" location="Sarita" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B537C1BCD2E23FD9EEAFACDF969" box="[1245,1327,1718,1743]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02336" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="mi" value="2.5">2.5 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S Sarita
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE610767C1BCD2E27B79E86FED8F954" box="[151,314,1754,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" value="2002-10-18" valueMax="2002-10-20" valueMin="2002-10-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA2E99E7C1BCD2E27B79E86FED8F954" box="[151,314,1754,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" value="2002-10-18" valueMax="2002-10-20" valueMin="2002-10-18">18–20.X.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E26679E86FE4EF954" box="[327,428,1753,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">B. Raber</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E26F49E86FDD1F954" box="[468,563,1753,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">E. Riley</collectorName>
|
||
, pit-fall in sand (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3F7C1BCD2E25DB9E86FCFEF954" box="[763,796,1754,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE737C1BCD2E240B9E86FC9CF954" box="[811,894,1754,1778]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;M University" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E24AB9E85FC31F954" box="[907,979,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Lomachaeta females; dorsal habitus. 1) L. argenta; 2) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 3) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 4) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588772/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E24C29E86FC10F954" box="[994,1010,1754,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,157,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1419,157,1043]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Lomachaeta females; lateral habitus. 5) L. argenta; 6) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 7) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 8) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588774/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">7</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACCC7C1BCD2E232A9E85FB5BF954" box="[1034,1209,1753,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">LaSalle County</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E87606D7C1BCD2E23E89E85FE8CF8B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A07C1BCD2D27B79A4AFAB0FE52:8E87606D7C1BCD2E23E89E85FE8CF8B0" country="United States of America" county="Kennedy County" latitude="28.293" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="-99.383" municipality="LaSalle County" name="Chaparral Wildlife Management Area" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Texas">Chaparral Wildlife Management Area</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A552F947C1BCD2E265E9EA2FD83F8B0" box="[382,609,1789,1814]" location="Cotulla" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B537C1BCD2E265E9EA2FE29F8B0" box="[382,459,1789,1814]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0921472" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="mi" value="13.0">13 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW Cotulla
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C50717C1BCD2E25519EA2FD3CF8B0" box="[625,734,1790,1814]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" precision="55" value="28.293">28.293°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C50717C1BCD2E25C99EA2FCBEF8B0" box="[745,860,1790,1814]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" precision="55" value="-99.383">99.383°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE610767C1BCD2E244C9EA1FC00F8B0" box="[876,994,1789,1814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" value="2006-05-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA2E99E7C1BCD2E244C9EA1FC00F8B0" box="[876,994,1789,1814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" value="2006-05-19">19.V.2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E24D29EA2FB94F8B0" box="[1010,1142,1789,1814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">J.S. Wilson</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26AD53607C1BCD2E23959EA2FABFF8B0" box="[1205,1373,1789,1814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">K.A. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3F7C1BCD2E22539EA2FA74F8B0" box="[1395,1430,1790,1814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE737C1BCD2E27B79F7DFF02F89F" box="[151,224,1825,1849]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="Museum">CSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE737C1BCD2E27C79F7DFEDAF89F" box="[231,312,1825,1849]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">EMUS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E26639F7CFE68F89F" box="[323,394,1824,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Lomachaeta females; dorsal habitus. 1) L. argenta; 2) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 3) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 4) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588772/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E26B69F7CFE44F89F" box="[406,422,1824,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,157,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1419,157,1043]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Lomachaeta females; lateral habitus. 5) L. argenta; 6) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 7) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 8) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588774/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342653D7C1BCD2E27E79F18FE3CF826" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27E79F18FE3CF826" blockId="29.[151,1437,725,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27E79F18FE82F8FB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1860,1885]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widespread in the western Nearctic, including
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E24B59F18FC10F8FB" box="[917,1010,1860,1885]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E23219F18FB94F8FB" box="[1025,1142,1860,1885]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E23A69F19FAF9F8FB" box="[1158,1307,1860,1885]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E227B9F19FA7EF8FA" box="[1371,1436,1861,1884]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F76267C1BCD2E27BF9F34FF38F826" box="[159,218,1896,1920]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E26389F34FE85F826" box="[280,359,1896,1920]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F76267C1BCD2E26569F3BFE30F826" box="[374,466,1895,1920]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342653D7C1BCD2D27E79FD7FAB0FE52" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736B67C1BCD2E27E79FD7FD1AF84D" blockId="29.[151,1437,725,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E27E79FD7FED9F802" bold="true" box="[199,315,1931,1956]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This widespread species has variably colored tegulae in males. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E23769FD7FB52F802" box="[1110,1200,1931,1956]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C1BCD2E23D09FD7FA87F802" box="[1264,1381,1931,1956]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, this species has orange tegulae, resembling the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C1BCD2E25DD9FF3FC43F861" authorityName="Pitts & Manley" authorityYear="2004" box="[765,929,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirrhomeris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E25DD9FF3FC43F861" box="[765,929,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">L. cirrhomeris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E24929FF2FBE5F861" box="[946,1031,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[177,1414,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[177,1414,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Lomachaeta males; lateral habitus. 41) L. chionothrix; 42) L. cirrhomeris; 43) L. hicksi, Florida; 44) L. hicksi, Riverside Co., California; 45) L. hicksi, Los Angeles Co., California; 46) L. hicksi, Colorado. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588788/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C1BCD2E233D9FF3FB84F861" authorityName="Williams & Pitts" authorityYear="2009" box="[1053,1126,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E233D9FF3FB84F861" box="[1053,1126,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">L. ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E23579FF2FB29F861" box="[1143,1227,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–64" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 61–64. Lomachaeta males; lateral habitus. 61) L. ilex; 62) L. hedera; 63) L. litosisyra; 64) L. vacamuerta. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588796/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C1BCD2E22349FF3FA7EF861" authorityName="Williams & Pitts" authorityYear="2009" box="[1300,1436,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litosisyra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C1BCD2E22349FF3FA7EF861" box="[1300,1436,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">L. litosisyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C1BCD2E27BF9F8EFF11F84D" box="[159,243,2002,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–64" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[167,1420,373,1543]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 61–64. Lomachaeta males; lateral habitus. 61) L. ilex; 62) L. hedera; 63) L. litosisyra; 64) L. vacamuerta. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588796/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
); farther East, the males are uniform blackish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736B67C18CD2D27E798CBFC40FF5E" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">
|
||
The putative sex association presented here is based on a process of elimination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D235498CBFAABFF16" box="[1140,1353,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D235498CBFAABFF16" box="[1140,1353,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Lomachaeta hicksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D22A598C5FEF9FF72" authorityName="Williams & Pitts" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacamuerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D22A598C5FEF9FF72" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">L. vacamuerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D268E98E0FDDBFF73" authorityName="Mickel" authorityYear="1936" box="[430,569,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D268E98E0FDDBFF73" box="[430,569,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Lomachaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species known from southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499CF8547C18CD2D24B098E1FC33FF72" box="[912,977,189,212]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D238398E1FAE1FF73" box="[1187,1283,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D238398E1FAE1FF73" box="[1187,1283,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">L. hicksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct (in nearly all species-level characters) from the females described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736B67C18CD2D27E79958FAB0FE52" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">
|
||
The female from Kennedy County (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C18CD2D257B9958FD7CFEBA" box="[603,670,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Lomachaeta females; dorsal habitus. 1) L. argenta; 2) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 3) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 4) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588772/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) has different coloration than the two females from LaSalle County (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A337C18CD2D27BF997BFF05FEE6" box="[159,231,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1419,189,1961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Lomachaeta females; dorsal habitus. 1) L. argenta; 2) L. vacamuerta, LaSalle County, Texas; 3) L. vacamuerta, Kennedy County, Texas; 4) L. osita, sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588772/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D26BF997BFDCBFEE6" authorityName="Mickel" authorityYear="1936" box="[415,553,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D26BF997BFDCBFEE6" box="[415,553,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Lomachaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we have seen with a dark head and mesosoma that contrast with an orange metasoma, a pattern rarely seen in mutillids, except among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D24629910FBDCFEC3" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1899" box="[834,1086,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Dasymutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D24629910FC29FEC3" box="[834,971,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Dasymutilla</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D23589910FA7EFEC3" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1144,1436,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Pseudomethoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D23589910FACBFEC3" box="[1144,1321,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Pseudomethoca</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Texan mimicry ring (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B477C18CD2D26C89933FD21FE2E" author="Wilson, J. S. & Jahner, J. P. & Forister, M. L. & Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P." box="[488,707,367,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" pagination="704 - R 706" refId="ref25998" refString="Wilson, J. S., Jahner, J. P., Forister, M. L., Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2015) North American velvet ants form one of the world's largest known Mullerian mimicry complexes. Current Biology, 25, R 704 - R 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2015.06.053" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D2561992DFD90FE2E" box="[577,626,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If natural selection has favored the similarities of this species to the Texan mimicry ring, various hypotheses could explain its limited mimetic fidelity. These include phylogenetic constraints of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D357C18CD2D268699EBFDD3FE76" authorityName="Mickel" authorityYear="1936" box="[422,561,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lomachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D268699EBFDD3FE76" box="[422,561,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Lomachaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the relaxed selection hypothesis based on its small size (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B477C18CD2D239399E4FA72FE76" author="Penney, H. D. & Hassall, C. & Skevington, J. H. & Abbott, K. R. & Sherratt, T. N." box="[1203,1424,439,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" pagination="461 - 464" refId="ref25472" refString="Penney, H. D., Hassall, C., Skevington, J. H., Abbott, K. R. & Sherratt, T. N. (2012) A comparative analysis of the evolution of imperfect mimicry. Nature, 483 (7390), 461 - 464." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Penney
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D222E99E5FADDFE76" box="[1294,1343,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or the community diversity hypothesis based on presence of multiple potential models (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B477C18CD2D234B9980FAA4FE52" author="Wilson, J. S. & Jahner, J. P. & Williams, K. A. & Forister, M. L." box="[1131,1350,476,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" pagination="61610" refId="ref25933" refString="Wilson, J. S., Jahner, J. P., Williams, K. A. & Forister, M. L. (2013) Ecological and evolutionary processes drive the origin and maintenance of imperfect mimicry. PLoS ONE, 8, e 61610. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0061610" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAA47C18CD2D23E39981FB16FE53" box="[1219,1268,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |